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Start Over Repository Swarthmore College Peace Collection Subject Conscientious Objectors -- United States -- History -- Sources

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Civilian Public Service Union Records, 1944-1946 (inclusive)

Extent:
3.5 linear ft. (3.5 linear ft.)
Abstract:
The Civilian Public Service Union was organized at the beginning of 1944 in the CPS camp at Big Flats, New York. Men at other camps and units quickly joined the group. CPSU, a union for "drafted workers conscientiously opposed to war," was formed to provide an organized means of communication and group action among men in all sections of CPS and to combat the waste and injustice of the CPS system itself. Ralph C. Rudd served as chairman from late 1944 until CPSU was dissolved in early 1946.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Central Committee for Conscientious Objectors Records, 1948-2010 (inclusive)

Extent:
90 linear ft. (90 linear feet.)
Abstract:
CCCO developed a nationwide network of military and draft counselors and attorneys to assist conscientious objectors. Most active during the Korean and Vietnam Wars, the CCCO promoted such issues as amnesty, repatriation, and counter-recruitment.Operations were suspended in late October 2009. As of 2010, some of their counseling service has been taken over by the GI Rights Hotline.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Civilian Public Service Personal Papers and Collected Materials, 1939- (inclusive)

Extent:
14 linear ft. (14 linear ft.)
Abstract:
Chiefly the personal papers of conscientious objectors assigned to Civilian Public Service (CPS) camps during World War II, such as correspondence, writings, memoirs, and reference material about CPS. Also included are records of or about various CPS camps and projects.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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A.J. Muste Papers, 1920-1967 (inclusive)

Extent:
26 linear ft. (64 boxes)
Abstract:
A.J. Muste (1885-1967), was ordained a minister in the Dutch Reformed Church, but later (1917), he became a member of the Society of Friends. During World War I, Muste's refusal to abandon his pacifist position led to his forced resignation from the Central Congregational Church in Newtonville, Massachusetts. Muste's involvement as a labor organizer began in 1919 when he led strikes in the textile mills of Lawrence, Massachusetts. He became the director of the Brookwood Labor College in Katonah, New York, remaining there until 1931. He then served as national chairman of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) from 1926 to 1929. Muste was director of the Presbyterian Labor Temple from 1937-1940. In 1940 he became executive director of the FOR, a position he held until his retirement in 1953, when he was made director emeritus. From 1948-1953, he served as secretary of the Ohio Peacemakers, a radical pacifist group. He was also a member of the Executive Committee of the War Resisters...(see more)

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Midwest Committee for Military Counseling Records, 1977-1996 (inclusive)

Extent:
1.75 linear ft. (1.75 linear ft.)
Abstract:
The Midwest Committee for Military Counseling was founded in 1976. The MCMC provided counseling, training sessions and public education. Staff worked with counselors, attorneys, community groups and religious bodies on behalf of potential recruits to the military and people on active military duty. The MCMC ceased operation in 1995 or 1996.

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Larry Gara Collected Papers, 1949-1972 (bulk)

Extent:
0.02 linear ft. (0.25 linear inches)
Abstract:
Includes two typescripts: Amnesty and Reconciliation, and Peace Testimony: Root and Branch [annotated photocopy]; leaflet and periodical with mention of Gara's conscientious objection; slide show titled Active Nonviolence stored separately as Slide Show 2.

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Albon Man Collected Papers, 1943-1965 (bulk)

Extent:
0.83 linear ft. (10 linear in.)
Abstract:
Albon Platt Man Jr.,was called up for the draft during World War II, but failed to register because of his conscientious objection to war, and was sentenced to three years in prison in March 1943. He was later involvemented with the Committee for Amnesty, the CCCO, the War Resisters League, and other peace groups.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Charles Bloomstein Collected Papers, 1938-2002 (bulk)

Extent:
1.87 linear ft. (1.87 linear ft.)
Abstract:
Charles Bloomstein (1913 - 2002) was involved in a number of organizations that promoted civil rights, as well as peace. He was a conscientious objector during World War II, and served in Civilian Public Service (CPS) for three years.

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Alice Niles Lynd and Staughton Lynd Papers, 1965-1995 (inclusive)

Extent:
8.33 linear ft. (8.33 linear feet.)
Abstract:
Staughton Lynd and Alice Niles Lynd, Quakers, authors, and activists in the civil rights and peace movements, who worked individually and collaborated on many labor and pacifist projects.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Ward Miles and Alice Calder Miles Collected Papers, 1944-1948, 2003, 2007 (inclusive)

Extent:
0.21 linear ft. (2.5 linear in.)
Abstract:
Includes two oral history interview (4 p., 2007 and 2 p., 2003) of Ward Miles and Alice Calder Miles; information about the Civilian Public Service unit at the Byberry State Hospital in Philadelphia, Pa.; manuscript "Out of Sight Out of Mind" by Ward C. Miles; information about a psychiatric aide training project conducted for the Rockefeller Foundation under the auspices of the Menninger Foundation, Topeka, Kansas in 1948; reference material about mental hospitals and psychiatric aide training, including a manuscript "Sweet Dreams and Stale Delusions" by Leonard Edelstein (1945).

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Lee Stern Papers, 1936-1992 (bulk)

Extent:
2 linear ft. (2 linear feet.)
Abstract:
Lee Stern (1915-1992), was a Quaker pacifist, conscientious objector to war, involved in peace groups and organizations, and a teacher of nonviolence.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Kenneth G. Hanauer Papers, 1956-1958 (bulk)

Extent:
0.08 linear ft. (1 folder.)
Abstract:
Collection includes printed materials, including published court documents about the case Kenneth George Hanauer, appellant, v. Wilson H. Elkins, President of the University of Maryland, et al.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Robert Horton Collected Papers, 1948- (bulk)

Extent:
0.21 linear ft. (2.5 linear inches.)
Abstract:
Collection includes biographical information about Robert Horton; consists primarily of materials gathered for a manuscript titled The Power of the Powerless, a series of biographies and interviews of conscientious objectors to war and those imprisoned for their beliefs.

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Bent Andresen Collected Papers, 1928-1991 (inclusive)

Extent:
0.04 linear ft. (.5 linear in.)
Abstract:
Bent Andresen registered as a conscientious objector (CO) during World War Two and was sent to a Civilian Public Service in 1944. Andresen participated in a guinea pig project in which he and several other COs lived in a refrigerated room for three months to test the impact of a high-protein diet on cold-weather conditions. He went AWOL in 1945 and was sentenced to two years in prison. Andreson was involved in various peace and justice groups throughout his lifetime.

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Metropolitan Board for Conscientious Objectors Records, 1940-1980 (inclusive)

Extent:
7.5 linear ft. (7.5 linear ft.)
Abstract:
The Metropolitan Board for Conscientious Objectors was a non-sectarian, free advisory service for conscientious objectors to war and military service. The MBCO was set up to provide counseling and legal aid in metropolitan New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut and established by the United Pacifist Committee in 1940. The group disbanded in 1980.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Episcopal Peace Fellowship Records, 1936-2009 (inclusive) 1936-2009 (bulk)

Extent:
28 linear ft. (28 linear ft.)
Abstract:
The Episcopal Peace Fellowship (EPF), was founded November 1939 as an association of pacifist members of the Protestant Episcopal Church. The organization sought to discover and unite pacifists within the church and to influence its membership regarding Christianity and peace. The EPF has sponsored educational projects (publications, lectures, workshops, conferences), provided counseling and financial support for conscientious objectors, and contributed to pacifist projects in other countries.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Jayne Tuttle Wilhelm and Paul A. Wilhelm Collected Papers, 1934-1978 (inclusive)

Extent:
1.04 linear ft. (12.5 linear in.)
Abstract:
Paul A. Wilhelm (1916- ) served in three Civilian Public Service Units: Camp 3, Patapsco, Md.; Camp 52, Powelsville Maryland; and Camp 49, Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) State Hospital. He registered as a Baptist conscientious objector but became a Quaker after his marriage to C. Jayne Tuttle in 1943.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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George Willoughby and Lillian Willoughby Papers, 1931-2010 (inclusive)

Extent:
2.1 linear ft. (25.25 linear in.)
Abstract:
George Willoughby (December 9, 1914 - January 5, 2010) and Lillian Willoughby (c. 1916 - January 15, 2009) were Quaker activists who took part in nonviolent protests against war, conducted nonviolence trainings in India and other countries, and advocated for preservation of land in New Jersey and elsewhere.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Igal Roodenko Papers, 1935-1991 (inclusive)

Extent:
3.3 linear ft. ((8 boxes))
Abstract:
Igal Roodenko was a pacifist, peace and civil rights activist, and advocate of nonviolence. He was a member of the War Resisters League Executive Committee, served on boards of A.J. Muste Memorial Institute and Consortium on Peace Research and Development (COPRED), and was active in Men of All Colors Together.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Bennett W. Andrews and Florence N. Andrews Papers, 1940-1950, 1979-1980 (inclusive)

Extent:
1.67 linear ft. (20 linear in.)
Abstract:
Bennett Andrews was an absolutist conscientious objector during World War II. He served a five year sentence Danbury Prison, a federal penitentiary, in Connecticut. There he worked in a number of positions in the prison. Bennett Andrews was released from prison on July 11, 1946 and received amnesty from President Truman in 1947. Florence Andrews (born in 1913) married Bennett on July 22, 1938. She was also a strong pacifist, who fully supported her husband's C.O. stance.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Harold Barton Collected Papers, 1944-1949 (bulk)

Extent:
1.2 linear ft. (15 linear inches)
Abstract:
In the early 1940s National Mental Health Foundation originated in 1944-1945 when Harold Barton and three associates, serving at Byberry State Hospital in Philadelphia (Pennsylvania), announced plans for a national campaign to improve the conditions in mental hospitals. The exposure of these conditions through the efforts of men serving in CPS, and their efforts to be a nonviolent presence in mental institutions, began a new movement in mental health care in the U.S. The National Mental Health Foundation still exists today as the National Mental Health Association.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Mennonite Central Committee Peace Section / U.S. Peace Section Collected Records, 1942- (inclusive)

Extent:
2.71 linear ft. (32.5 linear in.)
Abstract:
The Peace Section of the Mennonite Central Committee was established in January 1942, as successor to the Mennonite Central Peace Committee organized in 1939. It served as an agency for counseling on problems related to conscription and the draft, a representation to government, a center for study, research, and writing regarding the peace position, and a central agency for peace education.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Denny Wilcher Collected Papers, 1941-1946 (inclusive)

Extent:
1.29 linear ft. (15.5 linear in.)
Abstract:
This collection documents the experiences of Wilcher (and his friends), while in Civilian Public Service, and after he left CPS and was imprisoned at McNeil Island Federal Prison Camp.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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John Beer Collected Papers, 1954-1985 (bulk)

Extent:
2.08 linear ft. (25 linear in.)
Abstract:
John Beer was a professor of the history of science and chemistry, as well as a Quaker peace and antinuclear activist.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Kathleen Norma Smith Collected Papers, 1974 (bulk)

Extent:
0.08 linear ft. (1 folder.)
Abstract:
Collection consists of photocopies of materials relating to Smith's application for discharge from the U.S. Army based on conscientious objection to war.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Wayne Lauser Collected Papers, 1969-1972 (bulk)

Extent:
0.21 linear ft. (2.5 linear inches.)
Abstract:
Collection consists of materials relating to Lauser's walk from Cleveland to Washington D.C., the federal lawsuit against him, his sentencing, and his time in prison.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Joseph C. Osborn Collected Papers, 1936-1986 (bulk)

Extent:
0.29 linear ft. (3.5 linear inches.)
Abstract:
Collection includes biographical information, correspondence, information about Osborn's academic work at Purdue University, 1936-1942, and about his draft orders and conscientious objection status; and information about Osborn's time in Civilian Public Service and CPS reunions in 1983 and 1986.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Raymond Binford and Helen Binford Collected Papers, 1941-1946 (inclusive)

Extent:
0.42 linear ft. (1 box)
Abstract:
Raymond Binford served as President of Guilford College, High Point, North Carolina, for 16 years before taking a leave of absence to become the director of Civilian Public Service Camp #19 (Buck Creek Camp, Marion, North Carolina) during World War II.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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American Union Against Militarism Records, 1915-1922 (inclusive)

Extent:
1.75 linear ft.
Abstract:
In 1915 a group of New York pacifists and near-pacifists organized the "Anti-militarism Committee" to combat the war spirit of the time. Activities included lobbying, publishing, a lecture campaign, and the establishment of a Civil Liberties Bureau. The most notable achievements were the work in the successful effort to avert war with Mexico in 1916 and the encouragement of opposition to peacetime conscription following World War I. The office was raided by the government and American Union Against Militarism publications were sometimes stopped by the postal authorities but the organization continued unintimidated.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Norman J. Whitney Papers, 1938-1967 (inclusive)

Extent:
7.5 linear feet (7.5 linear ft.)
Abstract:
Norman Jehiel Whitney (1891-1967) was a Quaker teacher, writer and devoted peace worker. From 1919-1957 he helped establish, and directed for many years, the Syracuse Peace Council. He left Syracuse in 1957 to work for the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) in peace education. Whitney's major peace work was in the area of counseling conscientious objectors to war (COs), particularly those in Civilian Public Service (CPS) camps. In 1941 he helped establish the New York State Board for Civilian Public Service, which attempted to counsel and assist Conscientious Objectors in New York state.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Committee for Amnesty for All Objectors to War and Conscription Collected Records, 1945-1948 (inclusive)

Extent:
0.83 linear ft. (10 linear in.)
Abstract:
On January 12, 1946, the Committee for Amnesty for All Objectors to War and Conscription was established to seek an amnesty for "all objectors to war and conscription," which included men under army court-martial for their stance against war. The Committee's most widely publicized work was the sponsorship of picketing demonstrations at the White House in May and December 1946 calling for amnesty, but the organization also promoted its objectives through lobbying of Congressional and other government leaders, creating press releases and published literature, garnering support with signatures to petitions from around the country, and working as a liaison to other groups interested in the amnesty question. It is unknown exactly when the Committee disbanded, but the last meeting minutes are dated June 30, 1948.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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