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Start Over Repository Swarthmore College Peace Collection Subject Pacifists -- United States -- History -- Sources

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Devere Allen Papers, 1809-1978 (inclusive) 1910-1955 (bulk)

Extent:
138 linear ft. (138 linear ft.)
Abstract:
Author, editor, journalist and lecturer; advocate of internationalist pacifism; influential member of the Socialist Party in the 1930s; genealogist; recorder of Rhode Island history and lore; named Harold Devere Allen.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Anna Garlin Spencer Papers, 1830-1931 (inclusive)

Extent:
3.75 linear ft. (3.75 linear ft.)
Abstract:
Anna Carpenter Garlin Spencer was a minister, feminist, educator, pacifist, and writer on ethics and social problems. Spencer was the first woman in Rhode Island to be ordained and served as the minister of the Bell Street Chapel from 1891 to 1902. Spencer was active in the cause of women's rights for more than forty years and served as the president of the Rhode Island Equal Suffrage Association. Spencer's interest in pacifism also led her to prominent positions with the National Peace and Arbitration Congress in 1907 and she was a founding member of the Woman's Peace Party in 1915, serving as vice chairman. She also became the first chairman of the national board of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom in 1919. Spencer died at her home in New York in 1931.

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Jane Addams Papers, 1838- (inclusive) 1880-1935 (bulk)

Extent:
130 linear ft.
Abstract:
A world-famous social reformer; co-founded the first settlement house in America in 1889; championed many causes on behalf of the urban poor, such as protection of immigrants, child labor laws, industrial safety, juvenile courts, and recognition of labor unions; a leading figure in the movement for international peace; awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.

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Elihu Burritt Papers, 1840-1965 (inclusive) 1841-1878 (bulk)

Extent:
1 linear ft. (1 linear ft.)
Abstract:
Elihu Burritt was born on December 10, 1810, in New Britain, Connecticut, into a working class family. He attended school briefly, but was largely self-educated. Burritt became a blacksmith to support himself, but he continued to study languages at night. Word of his erudition spread; he became known as the "Learned Blacksmith", and was offered opportunities to speak in public. While writing a lecture on "The Anatomy of the Earth", he was so impressed by the interdependency of its parts that he ended with a plea for international peace. This became his lifelong passion. He became acquainted with other social reformers and began his career as a prophet for peace.

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Universal Peace Union Records, 1846-1938 (inclusive) 1867-1923 (bulk) 1938 (bulk)

Extent:
12.5 linear ft. (12.5 linear ft.)
Abstract:
The most colorful and important peace organization to rise from the the Civil War was the Universal Peace Union (UPU). This militant band grew out of reaction against compromising tactics which the American Peace Society adopted during the Civil War.

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Helen Mears Papers, 1862-1981 (inclusive) 1935-1955 (bulk)

Extent:
0.63 linear ft. (7.5 linear in.)
Abstract:
Helen Mears was a writer and journalist, especially interested in Japan and Asia. Mears first traveled to China in 1925 and ten years later Mears spent nine months in Japan. Out of the trip to Japan she published two books and a series of essays that appeared in The New Yorker. Mears traveled throughout Asia, the Soviet Union, Europe, and parts of South America. After World War II Mears traveled again to Japan served in an official capacity as a member of the U.S. labor advisory committee. From the 1950s through the 1960s Mears wrote occasional articles on southeast Asia, critiquing European and U.S. involvement there. Mears was a board member of the War Resisters League in the 1950s and worked against the H-Bomb. Helen Mears published several books on Japan. These include: Mirror for Americans, Japan, Boston : Houghton Mifflin Co., 1948; Year of the Wild Boar: an American Woman in Japan in 1947.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Jessie Wallace Hughan Papers, 1870-1998 (inclusive)

Extent:
6.5 linear ft. (6.5 linear feet.)
Abstract:
Jessie Wallace Hughan (December 25, 1875 – April 10, 1955) was an American educator, social activist, and a radical pacifist. During her college days she was one of four co-founders of Alpha Omicron Pi, a national sorority for university women. She also was a founder and the first Secretary of the War Resisters League, established in 1923. For over two decades, she was a perennial candidate for political office on the ticket of the Socialist Party of America in her home state of New York.

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Edwin D. Mead and Lucia Ames Mead Papers, 1876-1938 (inclusive)

Extent:
5.7 linear ft. (5.7 linear ft.)
Abstract:
Edwin D. Mead (1849-1937), and Lucia Ames Mead (1856-1936), were both leading pacifists, writers, and social reformers of the U.S. and international peace movement. Edwin Mead directed the work of the World Peace Foundation and participated in many international peace congresses. He was an American delegate to the International Peace Bureau. Mead helped found the School Peace League and was a prominent member of the American Peace League. Lucia Ames Mead was a leading member of many feminist and pacifist organizations, including the Woman's Peace Party. Mead was a delegate to the founding conference of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom in 1919 and served as a vice-president on the board of the National Council for Prevention of War. She was also an officer of the National Council of Women of the United States, and was a member of many U.S. feminist associations.

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Mildred Scott Olmsted Papers, 1881-1990 (inclusive) 1907-1990 (bulk)

Extent:
14 linear ft. (28 boxes)
Abstract:
Mildred Scott Olmsted, peace activist and suffragist, was born in Glenolden, Pennsylvania, in 1890. In 1922, Olmsted became Executive Secretary of the Pennsylvania Branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF). From 1934 onward she assumed national positions with the organization. In 1946, Olmsted became National Administrative Secretary and held that position (until her retirement in 1966. She remained active as Executive Director Emerita of WILPF and also served on its International Executive Committee from 1937 until 1953. Mildred Scott married Allen S. Olmsted, II, in 1921 and the couple had one child and adopted two more. Mildred Scott Olmsted died in 1990 at the age of 99.

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Hannah Clothier Hull Papers, 1889-1958 (inclusive)

Extent:
3 linear ft. (3 linear feet.)
Abstract:
Hannah Clothier Hull (1872-1958), was one of the founders of the Woman's Peace Party and the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. She served as a national officer of the WILPF for nearly forty years. Hull was also active in other social reform movements. A member of a well-to-do Quaker family, Hannah Clothier graduated from Swarthmore College in 1891. She first worked at a Philadelphia settlement house and then entered the graduate program in social work at Bryn Mawr College. In the following year Hannah Clothier married William Isaac Hull, a fellow pacifist and professor of political science at Swarthmore. Hannah Clothier Hull worked in the woman suffrage campaign and women's rights, had some interest in temperance, was a member of the Friends Peace Committee of the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, and was on the board of the American Friends Service Committee (1928-1947).

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Sydney Dix Strong Papers, 1890-1938 (inclusive)

Extent:
1.25 linear ft. (15 linear inches)
Abstract:
Sydney Dix Strong (1860-1938) was an outspoken pacifist and strong supporter of disarmament, war resistance, and organized labor. He was the pastor for churches in Ohio and Illinois and did settlement work in Chicago. For his peace stance made him unpopular during WWI and in Oct. 1917 he was expelled from membership in the Municipal League of Seattle because of a speech he had given before the National Council of Congregational Churches, in which he praised the I.W.W. (International Workers of the World). Strong published many articles and sermon series, as well as his book Rise of American Democracy in 1935, and from 1921-1938 was associate editor of Unity magazine. Other activities included a campaign to collect signatures for a "Peace Letter to the President" in 1926, while he was Secretary of the Seattle Peace League and of the Seattle group of Peacemakers; the development of a "2%" button, based on comments made by Albert Einstein that if 2% of those who were supposed to do...(see more)

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William Charles Allen Collected Papers, 1895-1937 (inclusive) 1913-1937 (bulk)

Extent:
0.88 linear ft. (10.5 linear in.)
Abstract:
William C. Allen was born in 1857 in Chester County, Pennsylvania. He was a member of the Society of Friends. Allen was deeply opposed to war and wrote often about the problems of propaganda, censorship, conscription, imperialism, and the munitions industry. He traveled widely and wrote many articles about his experiences abroad.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Lydia G. Wentworth Papers, 1902-1947 (inclusive) 1918-1947 (bulk)

Extent:
4.5 linear ft. (4.5 linear ft.)
Abstract:
Lydia G. Wentworth, was a writer and ardent peace advocate who lived most of her life in Brookline, Massachusetts. Despite illness which confined her to bed for over thirty years, she carried on a prolific correspondence and contributed hundreds of articles to newspapers and magazines. Wentworth was on the advisory committee of the Women's Peace Society, and was a member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, the Fellowship of Reconciliation, the Association to Abolish War, and the Boston League of Women Voters.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Peace Pilgrim Papers, 1908-1986 (inclusive)

Extent:
3.75 linear ft. (9 boxes)
Abstract:
Peace Pilgrim was born Mildred Lisette Norman in 1908. Between 1953 and l964, she had walked 25,000 miles across the U.S. for peace. Peace Pilgrim eventually made seven pilgrimages, crossing North America. She was killed in an automobile accident on July 7, 1981, at the age of 71.

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Frederick J. and Faith Ward Libby Papers, 1909-1969 (inclusive) 1931-1969 (bulk)

Extent:
9.5 linear ft. (9.5 linear ft.)
Abstract:
Frederick J. Libby (1874-1970) was a pacifist, writer, speaker and fundraiser. He was the founder of the National Council for Prevention of War, 1921-1970. Faith Ward Libby (1902-1984) was also a peace activist and member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. The two married in 1932. This collection contains their personal correspondence.

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E. Raymond Wilson Papers, 1914-1987 (inclusive)

Extent:
35.25 linear ft. (35.25 linear ft.)
Abstract:
E. Raymond Wilson (1896-1987), a Quaker peace lobbyist, helped found the Friends Committee on National Legislation in 1943 and served as its Executive Secretary until 1962. He also helped organize the Committee on Militarism in Education in 1925. From 1931 to 1943, he served as Field and Education Secretary of the Peace Section of the American Friends Service Committee. He was the author of two books. The papers of E. Raymond Wilson contain personal and professional correspondence, biographical material, writings including drafts for two books, notes on travel, program of meetings and conferences he attended, a subject file, photographs, scrapbooks, sound tapes, and memorabilia. The papers of his wife Miriam Davidson Wilson (1899-1965) are also in this collection. Correspondents include Horace Alexander, Brent Dow Allinson, Iwao Fred Ayusawa, Roswell P. Barnes, Francis G. Brown, Dorothy Detzer, Harrop A. Freeman, Jeanette Hadley, Ray Newton, James M. Read, Esther B. Rhoads, John...(see more)

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Mary Kelsey Collected Papers, 1914-1919 (inclusive)

Extent:
0.5 linear ft. (6 linear in.)
Abstract:
Includes miscellaneous correspondence; two oversize scrapbooks (ca. 1914-1919) which contain correspondence (some with her relative, Kate Kelsey); articles and half-tone images from U.S. and foreign periodicals about World War I; small posters; sheet music; and material about Woodrow Wilson's 1916 presidential campaign and the Women's March for Woodrow Wilson in Washington D.C., ca. 1917; also small amounts of secondary material relating to the American Friends Service Committee, the Fellowship of Reconciliation, the Arbitration and Peace Society of Pennsylvania, the American Union Against Militarism, the U.S. Democratic Party and the American Friends Reconstruction Unit.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Women's Peace Society Records, 1914-1933 (inclusive) 1914-1933 (bulk)

Extent:
0.42 linear feet (5 linear in.)
Abstract:
Women's Peace Society was not interested in using political or economic means to end what it termed "war-madness". Rather, its members chose educational methods such as handing out literature, participating in demonstrations, speaking at public events, and holding school contests. In August 1921, it sponsored a conference at Niagara Falls where it cooperated with Canadian peace women in starting the Women's Peace Union of the Western Hemisphere. The Women's Peace Union chose to work politically and urged a constitutional amendment to remove government war-making power. Other events undertaken by WPS included a Disarmament Parade in November 1921 and a No More War Day demonstration on Wall Street on July 25, 1921.

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Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Dana Papers, 1914-1950 (inclusive)

Extent:
0.83 linear ft. (10 linear in.)
Abstract:
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Dana was a writer and pacifist who taught comparative literature at Columbia University from 1912 until 1917. Dana lost his teaching post as an opponent of American participation in World War I. Dana continued to advocate civil liberties and the rights of conscientious objectors.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Rosika Schwimmer Collected Papers, 1914-1948 (inclusive)

Extent:
0.42 linear ft. (5 linear in.)
Abstract:
Rosika Schwimmer was a suffragist and feminist leader from Hungary who worked internationally. She founded several Hungarian societies for the advancement of trade unionism, land reform, feminism, female suffrage and pacifism and worked to promote peace during World War I. She helped to form a number of U.S. and international peace groups, including the Emergency Peace Federation, the Henry Ford Peace Expedition, and the Woman's Peace Party. She received the World Peace Prize in 1937.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Lella Secor Florence Papers, 1915-1936 (inclusive)

Extent:
.5 linear ft. (.5 linear ft.)
Abstract:
Lella Secor Florence became a pacifist while serving as a journalist on the Henry Ford Peace Expedition (1915-1916) and then participated in several peace organizations focused on keeping the United States out of World War I. She was active in the British section of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and in the birth control movement there and wrote Birth Control on Trial.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Lola Maverick Lloyd Collected Papers, 1915-1944 (inclusive)

Extent:
0.08 linear ft. (1 linear in.)
Abstract:
Collection includes printed correspondence, flyers, notices, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, conference notes, and newspaper reprints. Includes information about Rosika Schwimmer and the Ford Peace Expedition.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Women's International League for Peace and Freedom Records, 1915- (inclusive)

Extent:
392 linear ft.
Abstract:
Includes minutes, resolutions and general historical records; anniversary celebrations, committee minutes, literature and releases; office files from the legislative office, the finance and the executive director; includes miscellaneous records from branches, including New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania, among others; a large correspondence file includes general office correspondence as well as that of the National Organizational Secretary, the Washington Legislative Secretary, and others; also contains approximately 2150 photographs and/or negatives, periodicals, posters, banners, scrapbooks, postcards, graphics, audiovisual material, campaign buttons, lapel ribbons and pins, bumperstickers and other stickers, and other memorabilia.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Henry Joel Cadbury Papers, 1917-1974 (inclusive)

Extent:
1.25 linear ft. (1.25 linear ft.)
Abstract:
Henry J. Cadbury (1883-1974) was a distinguished Biblical scholar, teacher, and a member of the Society of Friends. Cadbury was one of the founders of the American Friends Service Committee. He served as its chairman from both 1928 to 1934 and again from 1944 to 1960. Cadbury supervised famine relief both in the United States and in Europe.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Jeannette Rankin Collected Papers, 1917-2011 (inclusive)

Extent:
0.42 linear ft. (5 linear in.)
Abstract:
Jeannette Rankin (1880-1973), was the first woman to serve in Congress (1917-1919). She was an active suffragist and later worked in peace organizations such as the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and the National Council for Prevention of War. Rankin founded the Georgia Peace Society in the 1940s, and led the Jeannette Rankin Brigade, an all-women's protest march against the Vietnam war shortly before her death.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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American Friends Service Committee Collected Records, 1917- (inclusive)

Extent:
1.6 linear ft. (4 boxes)
Abstract:
The American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) was set up in June 1917 as an outgrowth of and coordination point for the anti-war and relief activities of various bodies of the Religious Society of Friends in the United States.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Anna Melissa Graves Papers, 1919-1953 (inclusive)

Extent:
8.5 linear ft. (8.5 linear ft.)
Abstract:
Anna Melissa Graves was a writer, teacher, world traveler, and internationalist. From the 1920s to the 1940s Graves traveled through Africa, Central and South America, China, Europe, and the Middle East. She taught school in many of these places and maintained a voluminous correspondence with the teachers, acquaintances, and former students she met on her travels.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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A.J. Muste Papers, 1920-1967 (inclusive)

Extent:
26 linear ft. (64 boxes)
Abstract:
A.J. Muste (1885-1967), was ordained a minister in the Dutch Reformed Church, but later (1917), he became a member of the Society of Friends. During World War I, Muste's refusal to abandon his pacifist position led to his forced resignation from the Central Congregational Church in Newtonville, Massachusetts. Muste's involvement as a labor organizer began in 1919 when he led strikes in the textile mills of Lawrence, Massachusetts. He became the director of the Brookwood Labor College in Katonah, New York, remaining there until 1931. He then served as national chairman of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) from 1926 to 1929. Muste was director of the Presbyterian Labor Temple from 1937-1940. In 1940 he became executive director of the FOR, a position he held until his retirement in 1953, when he was made director emeritus. From 1948-1953, he served as secretary of the Ohio Peacemakers, a radical pacifist group. He was also a member of the Executive Committee of the War Resisters...(see more)

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Marion Bromley and Ernest Bromley Papers, 1920-1997 (inclusive)

Extent:
20.4 linear ft. (20.4 linear ft.)
Abstract:
Marion Coddington Bromley and Ernest Bromley were active members of the Society of Friends, absolute pacifists, war tax resisters, and worked for racial integration in the United States. They are best remembered as founders of the Peacemakers, and as war tax resisters.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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War Resisters League Records, 1923-2013 (inclusive)

Extent:
35.4 linear ft. (series a = 37 boxes and 15.22 linear feet; series b = 49 boxes and 20.22 linear feet)
Abstract:
The War Resisters League is a pacifist organization whose members are against all war. Witnessing the establishment of the War Resisters' International in Europe in 1921, and sensing a need for a similar organization in the United States, Dr. Jessie Wallace Hughan established the War Resisters League as an independent organization. The War Resisters League membership pledge, which has remained essentially unchanged since its inception, reads: "The War Resisters League affirms that war is a crime against humanity. We therefore are determined not to support any kind of war, international or civil, and to strive non-violently for the removal of all causes of war." The League seeks to end war and social injustice through pacifist and nonviolent tactics.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Bent Andresen Collected Papers, 1928-1991 (inclusive)

Extent:
0.04 linear ft. (.5 linear in.)
Abstract:
Bent Andresen registered as a conscientious objector (CO) during World War Two and was sent to a Civilian Public Service in 1944. Andresen participated in a guinea pig project in which he and several other COs lived in a refrigerated room for three months to test the impact of a high-protein diet on cold-weather conditions. He went AWOL in 1945 and was sentenced to two years in prison. Andreson was involved in various peace and justice groups throughout his lifetime.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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Charles Schumacher Collected Papers, 1930-2003 (inclusive)

Extent:
1.88 linear ft. (22.5 linear in.)
Abstract:
Charles Schumacher was a chemist, chemical engineer and conscientious objector to World War II. He entered Civilian Public Service in 1944 and served in three CPS camps.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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George Willoughby and Lillian Willoughby Papers, 1931-2010 (inclusive)

Extent:
2.1 linear ft. (25.25 linear in.)
Abstract:
George Willoughby (December 9, 1914 - January 5, 2010) and Lillian Willoughby (c. 1916 - January 15, 2009) were Quaker activists who took part in nonviolent protests against war, conducted nonviolence trainings in India and other countries, and advocated for preservation of land in New Jersey and elsewhere.

Held at: Swarthmore College Peace Collection [Contact Us]

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