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Grover Washington, Jr. Papers
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Held at: Temple University Libraries: Charles L. Blockson Afro-American Collection [Contact Us]
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the Temple University Libraries: Charles L. Blockson Afro-American Collection. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
Overview and metadata sections
Saxophonist Grover Washington, Jr. (1943-1999) created music that melded mainstream jazz with pop, blues, soul, and funk along with classical orchestrations and vocals, and he is known as a founder of the smooth jazz genre. A master of the baritone, tenor, alto, and soprano saxophones, and a student of the piano, bass guitar, and drums, Washington composed or arranged much of his own music and produced many of his recordings and those of other artists.
Born on December 12, 1943, in a racially mixed and ethnically diverse neighborhood in Buffalo, New York, Washington's love of music began as a child. His mother, Lillian, a hairdresser, and his father, a steelworker who played saxophone and was a collector of jazz 78s, bought him a saxophone at age ten. Washington's two younger brothers, Michael and Darryl, were also musically inclined. As a teenager, he performed in local clubs with singing groups and blues bands. Because Buffalo's music unions were racially segregated at the time, Washington also sat in with big bands at the black union halls two nights a week. In school, he received a more formal education, which included the study of classical music and playing in high school bands. He also took evening classes at the Wurlitzer School of Music and received private instruction from jazz saxophonist Elvin Shepard. After graduating from high school early, Grover left Buffalo to join three musician friends and tour as the Four Clefs. When the Four Clefs disbanded in 1963, Washington joined organist Keith McAllister and drummer Bob Altamonte to form the Mark III Trio, out of Mansfield, Ohio. The trio made a live recording in 1964 at Mansfield's Snow Trails Ski Lodge. Let's Ska at the Ski Lodge was Washington's first recording.
In 1965 Washington was drafted into the U.S. Army and stationed at Fort Dix, New Jersey. He was selected for the 19th Army Band, which kept him from being shipped out to Vietnam, and introduced him to fellow bandmate and drummer Billy Cobham. Washington accompanied Cobham to clubs in New York and Philadelphia, freelancing with various musicians. In November 1966, Washington was playing with the Bill Walker Organ Trio at the Roadside Inn, ten miles out of Philadelphia. There he met Christine (nee Bitner), a 23 year-old editorial assistant from Philadelphia. They married on December 29, 1967, at the Vine Memorial Baptist Church in Philadelphia. For the next year, Washington played with Don Gardner's Sonotones.
In 197-71, after recording as a guest with the Prestige label and sideman dates for CTI-KUDU, Washington recorded and in sideman dates, Washington recorded on Johnny "Hammond" Smith's Breakout. The album was a bestseller and established Washington as a major new voice on the saxophone. Washington was called to do a session as part of the background horns for a new Hank Crawford album, and when Hank Crawford was unable to keep the date. Creed Taylor, head of CTI-KUDU was so impressed that he signed Washington to an artist contract. The result was Inner City Blues, Washington's debut solo album. Released in 1972, the album received critical acclaim. Commercial success followed, with Washington's fourth recording released in 1975, Mister Magic. Washington's most successful and perhaps best known album was Winelight, which included "Just the Two of Us." The album received the 1981 Grammy Award for best jazz fusion album and earned Washington a Grammy Award Certificate as its producer. Between 1980 and 1983, Washington also attended the College of Music at Temple University in Philadelphia, where he took doctoral-level courses in music theory and composition.
In his near thirty-year career, Washington recorded 25 solo albums and released eight anthologies. (One of each was released posthumously.) Through his own company, G-Man Productions, he produced the first three albums recorded by Pieces of a Dream, the Philadelphia-based rhythm and blues trio Washington is credited for discovering. He also produced Jean Carne's Closer Than Close. Other artists with whom Washington collaborated include Ralph MacDonald, Nancy Wilson, Grady Tate, Phyllis Hyman, Bobby McFerrin, Kenny Burrell, B. B. King, Ramsey Lewis and Herbie Hancock. Hip hop, rap and R&B artists such as DMX, Crucial Conflict and Chantay Savage sampled his songs. In 2008, crooner Johnny Mathis covered "Just the Two of Us."
Throughout his career, Washington used his music to educate. He regularly performed and met with students at many elementary, junior and senior high schools, colleges, and universities. He visited local high schools as part of the "Grammy in the Schools" program and conducted master classes and seminars at all grade levels. Washington's public service extended beyond the classroom. He participated in educational panels and in programs for prisons, the Special Olympics, the United Negro College Fund, Variety Club, and community festivals, and events. Washington supported and promoted the city of Philadelphia in a number of ways. Passionate about professional basketball, Washington often played the national anthem at home and away games for the Seventy-Sixers.
On December 17, 1999, five days after his fifty-sixth birthday, Washington gave what so unexpectedly became his final performance. He collapsed at the CBS television studio in New York City after taping a segment that would air the following day on the Saturday Early Show. Washington died several hours later from what was determined to be a heart attack. His funeral service was held on December 23 at the Bright Hope Baptist Church, with burial at the West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. In addition to his son Grover Washington III (1968 - ), daughter Shana (1975 - ), and stepson Loran P. Massey who is severely mentally and physically challenged, he and Christine had a foster son, Sean Tucker. The Grover Washington, Jr., Protect the Dream Foundation was formed after his death to support music education for young people.
The Grover Washington, Jr. Papers document the creative, business, and public service activities over almost thirty years. The collection also includes materials created after his death, pertaining to posthumous tributes, album releases, memorials, and other business transactions. The collection consists of business correspondence, performance contracts and other legal documents, tour files, royalty statements, posters and other printed materials, ephemera, award objects, scrapbooks, fan mail, and condolence cards. There are more than 800 audiovisual items that include master recordings and live performances as well as a large number of scores, mostly manuscripts, documenting Washington's creative process and influences. Also included are clippings and photographs, tracking Washington's musical career and public service.
The collection is arranged into seven series as follows:
- Series 1: Business records, 1971-2010, undated
- Subseries 1.1: Working files, 1971-2010, undated
- Sub-subseries 1.1.1: Early management, 1971-1996, undated
- Sub-subseries 1.1.2: Management transition, 1978-1996, undated
- Sub-subseries 1.1.3: Final management,1993-2010, undated
- Sub-subseries 1.1.4: General office records, 1976-2000, undated
- Subseries 1.2: Royalties, 1976-2000
- Subseries 1.3: Tours and other performances, 1987-1999, undated
- Series 2: Scores, 1933-1999, undated
- Series 3: Publicity and memorabilia, 1965-2011, undated
- Subseries 3.1: Career acknowledgment, 1971-2011, undated
- Subseries 3.2: Memorabilia, 1976-2011, undated
- Subseries 3.3: Scrapbooks, circa 1965-1993
- Subseries 3.4: Publications, 1978-2002
- Series 4: Audiovisual materials, 1973-2004, undated
- Subseries 4.1: Recordings, 1973-2004, undated
- Subseries 4.2: Concert tours, set lists and special events, 1975-1999, undated
- Subseries 4.3: Television and radio,1975-2001, undated
- Subseries 4.4: Other recording artists, 1976-2003, undated
- Subseries 4.5: Tributes, 1999-2001
- Subseries 4.6: Other or uncertain, 1983-2004, undated
- Series 5: Photographs, 1965-2005, undated
- Subseries 5.1: Publicity and other portraits, 1971-1999, undated
- Subseries 5.2: Performances, circa 1965-1999, undated
- Subseries 5.3: Other occasions, 1965-2005, undated
- Series 6: Promotional material, 1972-2000, undated
- Subseries 6.1: Posters, 1973-1999, undated
- Subseries 6.2: Packaging and display, 1978-2000
- Subseries 6.3: Other printed material and biographical writings, 1972-2000
- Series 7: Honors and tributes, 1971-2007, undated
- Subseries 7.1: Lifetime, 1971-2007, undated
- Subseries 7.2: Posthumous, 1999-2000
- Subseries 7.3: Protect the Dream Foundation, 1999-2006, undated
- Sub-subseries 7.3.1: Working files, 1999-2006, undated
- Sub-subseries 7.3.2: "Celebrate the Magic!" gala and later events, 1995-2005, undated
Donated by Christine Washington, 2013-2014.
Series 4 consists of more than 800 original audiovisual items that are accessible via use copies in the reading room only. Please allow approximately two weeks for staff to prepare use copies. In some instances material may have to be sent to an outside vendor for preparation or transfer. See Publication and Copyright Information note below for duplication requests related to educational and research uses. Please contact the Charles L. Blockson Afro-American Collection for more information.
Collection processed 2014-2017 and finding aid prepared by Bertha Adams, Project Archivist.
People
Organization
- Abington Friends School (Abington, Pa.)
- Agency for the Performing Arts
- American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers
- CBS Records (Firm)
- Columbia Records, Inc.
- CTI Records
- Elektra Records (Firm)
- G-Man Productions, Inc.
- G. W. Jr. Music, Inc.
- Grover Washington, Jr. (Musical group)
- Grover Washington Jr. Middle School (Philadelphia, Pa.)
- Grover Washington, Jr., Protect the Dream Foundation
- Motown Record Corporation
- Philadelphia 76ers (Basketball team)
- Pieces of a Dream (Musical group)
- Sony Music Entertainment, Inc
- Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz
- W.H. Schieffelin & Co. (New York, N.Y.)
- W.L. Gore & Associates
- Chautauqua Institution/The Eisenhower Institute Conference on U.S.-Soviet Relations Playboy Jazz Festival
Subject
- Composition (Music)
- Concert tours
- Copyright -- Royalties
- Discography
- Grammy Awards
- Instrumentation and orchestration
- Jazz
- Jazz festivals
- Music album
- Music -- Instruction and study
- Music publishing—United States
- Nightclubs
- Saxophone music (Jazz)
- Smooth jazz
- Sound recording industry
Place
- Publisher
- Temple University Libraries: Charles L. Blockson Afro-American Collection
- Finding Aid Author
- Machine-readable finding aid created by: Rajkumar Natarajan, Sky Global Services India (P) Ltd.
- Finding Aid Date
- January 2025
- Access Restrictions
-
Collection is open for research.
- Use Restrictions
-
The Grover Washington, Jr. Papers are the physical property of the Charles L. Blockson Afro-American Collection, Temple University Libraries. The creator/donor has not assigned their rights to Temple University Libraries. Other creators' intellectual property rights, including copyright, belong to them or their legal heirs and assigns. Researchers are responsible for determining the identity of rights holders and obtaining their permission for publication and for other purposes where stated.
External use copies of audiovisual recordings will be supplied only after researchers have obtained all appropriate permissions from donor and/or other parties. Copying restrictions also apply to the scores (paper format). Please consult the Charles L. Blockson Afro-American Collection for further information.
Collection Inventory
Series 1: Business records, 1971-2010, undated, documents the complex business behind the music of Grover Washington, Jr. Material consists of correspondence, legal documents, royalty statements, tour schedules, worksheets, notes, invoices and other papers. Most are the working files of G. W. Jr. Music, Inc., the publishing company Washington formed in 1975. Paul Silverthorn, Lloyd Remick, and Henry Root were the authors of much of the correspondence, legal documents, and schedules written on behalf of the musician. Silverthorn was part of Washington's staff for twenty years with responsibilities ranging from head of music operations to personal manager. Remick and Root were Washington's attorneys and agents at separate periods of his career. Washington's wife, Christine, also had a significant role in all business aspects of her husband's career. The series is arranged in three subseries that generally reflect original order: Subseries 1.1 Working files; Subseries 1.2 Royalties; and Subseries 1.3 Tours and other performances.
Subseries 1.1 Working files, 1971-2010, undated, is the largest subseries and best documents Washington's various business associations and professional development over the course of his career. The subseries is arranged in four sub-subseries: Sub-subseries 1.1.1 Early management; 1.1.2 Management transition; and 1.1.3 Final management; and Sub-subseries 1.1.4 General office records.
Portions of Subseries 1.1, as well as Subseries 1.3, document Washington's professional relationship with Schieffelin & Somerset Co., the parent company of Cognac Hennessy, which sponsored Washington's fall tours from 1993 to 1997. Contracts with Schieffelin & Somerset and related papers are included in the Sub-subseries 1.1.1 and 1.1.3. The Beckwith Company, a Los Angeles-based public relations firm, was responsible for the promotion of the jazz search and tour. Their in-depth final overview and program report for 1994 and 1995 are in Sub-subseries 1.1.1; 1996 is filed in Sub-subseries 1.1.3. Performance contracts and other papers pertaining to the appearance of Washington and his band at each venue are part of Subseries 1.3. Tour performance reviews and press coverage of the jazz searches are included in Subseries 3.1.
Washington's participation in the concert finale to the University of Pittsburgh's annual jazz seminar and concert is documented in this series (Working files and Tours and other performances), as well as Series 3 (each of the four subseries) and Subseries 7.2.
Sub-subseries 1.1.1 Early Management, 1971-1996, undated, refers to the period in which those involved with Washington's career included his wife Christine, his attorney Lloyd Zane Remick, and Paul Silverthorn. The folders in this sub-subseries are arranged alphabetically.
Subjects of note include Washington's 1993 performances in the nation's capital at the invitation of William Jefferson Clinton, the 52nd President of the United States. Washington performed at Clinton's inauguration and at the 40th anniversary of the Newport Jazz Festival that took place on the White House lawn. Folders consist of correspondence and a number of revised schedules that document the planning of both events. Press coverage and memorabilia from both events are included in Subseries 3.1 and 3.3.
More extensively documented is Washington's collaboration with W. L. Gore & Associates, makers of Gore-Tex fabrics. This set of material pertains to the promotion of an International Trans-Antarctic expedition carried out between July 1989 and March 1990. W. L. Gore & Associates was a major sponsor of, the "Protect the Dream" expedition. Washington contracted with Gore to act as a spokesperson for the expedition and for Gore-Tex clothing. In turn, Gore sponsored Washington's "Protect the Dream" tour from June 1989 through May 1990. The planning and promotion of his participation in that event comprises most of the other Gore-Tex files, along with press releases and coverage of the expedition and Washington's tour and album. Tapes of ABC-TV's two-hour special of the South Pole trek are included in Series 4. Additional material is in Series 3.1 and 5.3.
Includes VHS
Includes VHS
(See Series 4 for cassette)
(See Series 4 for cassette)
Sub-subseries 1.1.2. Management transition, 1978-1996, undated, centers on Washington's re-evaluation, between 1994 and 1995, of the way in which his career was being handled and a review of pertinent records generated up to that date. Documentation consists of legal documents, invoices, and correspondence. The folders in this sub-subseries are arranged alphabetically.
Sub-subseries 1.1.3 Final Management, 1993-2010, undated, refers to the period in which Henry Root management duties. Washington's wife Christine and Paul Silverthorn continued to played vital roles in the charting of the musician's career. Certain topics required Silverthorn and Root to review documents created during Lloyd Remick's tenure. Those early files remain in this sub-subseries. Files for the projects and business matters arising after Washington's death have been processed at the end of this sub-subseries as "Posthumous" folders. The folders in this sub-subseries are arranged alphabetically. Additional ephemera and photographs are included, respectively, in Subseries 3.1 and 5.3.
(See Series 4 for cassette)
(See Series 4 for cassette)
(See Series 4 for cassette)
(See Series 4 for cassette)
(See Series 4 for cassette)
Sub-subseries 1.1.4 General office records, 1976-2000, undated, consists of standard office operations materials, such as calendars, business cards, and directory. The earliest item is a 1976 calendar with entries that appear to be in Christine's hand, noting both personal and professional appointments. There are monthly planners for the years 1993 to 1999 and a set of 1994-1999 calendars. (See also the "Schedule of appearances, monthly" folder in Sub-subseries 1.1.1. It consists of lists of Washington's appearances, recording sessions and other events from 1987 through 1996.) To keep track of the memorial tributes and other business details after Washington's death, Paul Silverthorn filled four notebooks that are also included here, dating from December 1999 to March 2001. The "unsolicited tapes journal" records the names and addresses of individuals who sent samples of their music to Washington for his consideration from 1983 to 1986.
Subseries 1.2 Royalties, 1976-2000, consists primarily of statements that track Washington's earnings as artist, writer, publisher and/or producer from the sale or performance of songs in both the domestic and international markets. Additional royalty statements are included in Subseries 1.1 Working files. The folders in this subseries are arranged alphabetically, except for folders 1 and 2 which are by date span.
Subseries 1.3 Tours and other performances, 1987-1999, undated pertains to Washington's performances throughout the country between 1993 and 1998. (There is a small amount of documentation of earlier tours in Subseries 1.1.1.) The folders in this subseries are arranged in chronological order, beginning with "tour at a glance" date spans followed by specific performance dates. Several folders of set lists, most undated and unidentified, are last.
Tour-at-a-glance booklets list dates, venues, and set-up requirements for specific seasonal tours. There are gaps in the date spans indicated on the folder level. Almost all the files identified by specific dates and cities contain the Agency for the Performing Arts (APA) contracts noting concert details, including event name, concert venue, Washington's placement in the show's line-up, the length of his performance, and his fee, with riders outlining additional terms. Budget worksheets, bus leases, and records pertaining to other travel costs and media expenses give an accounting of the financial responsibilities assumed for these tours. The set list folders contain lists, often handwritten, of songs to be played by Washington and his band.
A more comprehensive account of all of Washington's performances, including those in Europe and Asia, can be found in the yearly compilation of clippings and other materials in Subseries 3.1, and in the chronological inventory of the audiovisual materials of Subseries 4.2 (concert tours, set lists and special events).
2 items
Series 2, Scores, 1933-1999, undated, demonstrates Washington's method of composing, his interpretation of the works of others, and his collaboration with arrangers and other musicians. A variety of manuscripts comprise the bulk of the material. There are a significant number of chord charts and lead sheets, along with measure counts for each form of a song, which Washington occasionally jotted on a folder cover. Other manuscripts pertain to new songs sent to Washington for his consideration or previously recorded songs to be reinterpreted according to Washington's style of music. Many appear to be in Washington's hand. Washington often annotated manuscripts prepared by others. Full scores and sets of parts document the recording phase of many of the song titles. Full score is used here for a score that shows each part (instrument) on its own staff. Scores stamped as "production" and "booth" are similarly formatted. Bob James is the arranger noted on most of the scores.
In addition to manuscripts, which are original or photocopies, this series includes music tablets, which consist of others of Washington's compositions (from preliminary to detailed), as well as published music sheets and other copyrighted versions. Because most of the material is undated, album titles and release dates have been included in the folder titles. Some of the songs were released by other artists, with Washington performing on the recording as a sideman. The arrangement of folders in this series reflects original order.
Items of note include the set of folders entitled "Suite in Three Colors." Composed by Washington in 1983, the musical work does not appear on any of his recordings, but is a classical piece that was performed during the late 1980s in Los Angeles by the New American Orchestra. Also of interest are the several folders of scores stamped "Hank Crawford Most of the song titles with Crawford's stamp are those from Inner City Blues. The final three folders contain compositions and exercises from Washington's time as a graduate music student at Temple University.
Saxophone transcriptions to thirteen of Washington's most popular recordings were published posthumously. Copies are included in Subseries 3.4.
Original and two photocopies
Includes annotated photocopies
original and photocopies
Photocopies
1 item
Series 3 Publicity and memorabilia 1965-2011, undated, offers a comprehensive and chronological account of Washington's career and public service as recorded by the press, with newspaper and magazine clippings comprising the bulk of the series. An assortment of ephemera, along with photographs, correspondence, works of art, books and personalized articles of clothing mark career highlights. There is also press coverage of Washington's death, his funeral, and his legacy. (Series 7 consists of specific honors and tributes in the form of certificates and other awards.)This series is arranged in four subseries: Subseries 3.1 Career acknowledgment; Subseries 3.2 Memorabilia; Subseries 3.3 Scrapbooks; and Subseries 3.4 Publications.
Subseries 3.1 Career acknowledgment, 1971-2011, undated is so named because it is the term Christine Washington used on several items for filing purposes. In addition to the newspaper and magazine clippings that comprise most of the subseries, there are also concert and special event programs, playbills, correspondence, invitations, citations, promotional material, photographs and other memorabilia, arranged chronologically. Clippings are taken from general media, such as newspapers and popular magazines, including those created for an African American audience, such as Black Stars, Ebony, and the Philadelphia Tribune. Reviews and advertisements of Washington's concerts and albums and news features of his participation in special programs—musical, educational and civic-minded—are the most frequent topics. Clippings from industry-related publications, such as Billboard, Blues and Soul and Cashbox, are also numerous, keeping track of record sales and market growth. Also included are programs and reviews of jazz festivals in the United States, Europe and Japan, and the covers of a number of magazines, popular and industry-specific. Much of the correspondence are letters thanking Washington for his participation in a particular event or for granting an interview to a reporter. The folders in this subseries are arranged in chronological order.
Among the highlights of Washington's career that are well documented here is his participation in 1986 of the Chautauqua Institution US-Soviet Relations Conference and Concerts, held in Riga, Latvia, and Moscow and Leningrad, Russia. The files consist primarily of newspaper articles reporting before, during and after the event and correspondence between the Washingtons and fellow American and Latvian delegates. An itinerary, delegation list and an autographed print of a drawing commemorating the conference are among the other papers. Photographs of the trip are in a scrapbook in Subseries 3.2.
To assist in constructing a timeline of Washington's many activities, researchers should also consult the chronological inventories of the audiovisual materials that comprise Series 4.
Subseries 3.2 Memorabilia, 1976-2011, undated consists of materials in a variety of formats and sizes, including autographed photographs and posters, artwork, ephemera (printed and object), embroidered jackets, and a small amount of correspondence and clippings. Most items commemorate specific events in Washington's life. Other items are unique expressions of admiration or recognition, such as the note of thanks handwritten in 1973 by Marvin Gaye. The folders in this subseries are arranged alphabetically.
The material in the Strawberry Moon folders was given to Washington by Philadelphia TV weatherman Dave Roberts, who, in describing a particular weather pattern during one of his 1987 broadcasts, used the term "strawberry moon." Washington adopted the term for the title of the album he was working on at the time.
Almost all of the ephemera pertaining to the President and Vice President of the United States relates to events held during the Clinton administration, which are also documented in Sub-subseries 1.1.1 and Subseries 3.1 and 5.3. In addition to the invitations, programs and other printed ephemera, this subseries includes Clinton/Gore campaign buttons and a saxophone reed commemorating the 1993 inauguration.
(See Series 4, 45 rpm)
Subseries 3.3 Scrapbooks, ca. 1965-1993 consists of photographs, clippings, printed material, and correspondence assembled together as overviews of certain time periods or as mementos of specific occasions. The earliest scrapbook holds material from Washington's time in the military to the release of Inner City Blues. The oversize scrapbook entitled "Through the years with Grover and Chris" focuses on the early 1980s and consists primarily of newspaper clippings. The last scrapbook covering a range of years focuses on Washington's activities between 1987 and 1990. The remaining scrapbooks, as noted below in the respective folder titles, commemorate specific occasions. Most of the photographs and correspondence from the Chautauqua Institution events pertain to the Russia/Latvia trip. Several photographs of Washington performing the next year in Chautauqua are included in the folder of loose items.
Subseries 3.4 Publications, 1978-2002, consists of a small collection of journals and books, and one songbook. For those volumes that make reference to Washington, the corresponding page numbers are noted in the folder title. Publications are entered on the folder level in bibliographic form and are arranged alphabetically.
pages 260-262
pages 52-53
page 76
Vol. 1, no. 1
Vol. 1, no. 4
Vol. II, no. I
3 copies
Series 4: Audiovisual materials, 1973-2004, undated contains more than 800 items, most of which capture Washington's studio recordings and live performances, on the concert stage or in a TV or radio studio. The remainder document recordings by other artists, posthumous tributes to Washington and miscellaneous or unknown subject matter. Sound recordings are in the format of audiotape (1/4", ½" and 2"), audiocassette, digital audio tape (DAT), compact disk (CD) and phonograph record. Video recording formats consist of Betacam, Hi-8, MII, VHS and U-Matic. Based on label descriptions, radio and television stations and networks, recording companies and other corporations and copyright holders provided approximately half of the recordings. The other half, which includes nearly all the concert audiocassettes, have handwritten labels, which suggests that these were recorded by someone personally associated with Washington. (See Technical Access and Publication and Copyright notes for access information.)
The inventories provide a timeline of some of Washington's earliest stage and media performances—not all of which are documented elsewhere in the collection.
In order to arrange the materials, album release dates were used for undated recordings; online research and collection documentation, particularly Series 3 clippings, were consulted for undated appearances and partially identified concert venues and individuals. One of the three videotape inventories filed at the end of Subseries 4.6 also provides some identification and dates. There are duplicate (or multiple) copies of certain items. Some—particularly TV programs—may have slightly different titles. Researchers should refer to the date of the material to determine duplication. None of the items were played to confirm or refine identification. The six subseries were devised based on label descriptions. The series arrangement is: Subseries 4.1 Recordings; Subseries 4.2 Concert tours, set lists and special events; Subseries 4.3 Television and radio; Subseries 4.4 Other recording artists; Subseries 4.5 Tributes; and Subseries 4.5 Other or uncertain.
To assist in constructing a timeline of Washington's many activities, researchers should also consult Subseries 3.1, which is comprised primarily of clippings arranged by year.
Subseries 4.1 Recordings, 1973-2004, undated consists primarily of masters, rough mixes, test pressings, reference recordings or commercial copies (compact disk format only) of sixteen of Washington's solo albums, four anthologies (two of which were released posthumously), and a number of singles from the album recordings. (Video recordings of Washington's performance in Atlantic City in 1990, which was later released as a movie are included in Subseries 4.2). Recordings of Washington's collaborations with Urban Knights (featuring Ramsey Lewis), Kenny Burrell and Kathleen Battle are also included. The bulk of material is arranged in chronological order, followed by undated items in alphabetical order. The "soundtrack" and "promotion" subsets listed at the end of the inventory are similarly arranged.
Among Washington's compositions that was never commercially released is "Suite in Three Colors," included here as a "demo" in audiocassette format, along with a "live" version recorded on a DAT that also includes final and TV tracks of "Check Out Grover." Its score is included in Series 2. Several of Washington's recordings released from the mid-1980s to early 1990s were Philadelphia-based—recorded at Sigma Sound Studios or mastered by Masterwork Recording Inc. Some of the Sigma recordings were produced by Washington's own G-Man Productions.
CD
Audiocassette
1/2" audiotape
1/2" audiotape dated July 18, 1984. 33 1/3 rpm.
1/2" audiotape
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/4" audiotape (no flanges)
1/4" audiotape (no flanges)
1/4" audiotape (no flanges)
1/4" audiotape (no flanges)
CD
CD
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape
1/2" audiotape
U-matic
1/4" audiotape
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
U-matic
CD
CD
1/4" audiotape
CD
1/2" audiotape
1/2" audiotape
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
U-matic
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/4" audiotape
CD
1/4" audiotape
1/4" audiotape
U-matic
Audiocassette
2" audiotape
CD
Audiocassette
U-matic
U-matic
U-matic
Audiocassette
1/4" audiotape
CD
U-matic
CD
VHS
CD
CD
CD
U-matic
CD
CD
CD
U-matic
CD
CD
Audiocassette
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
VHS
VHS
VHS
Audiocassette
1/4" audiotape
Audiocassette
1/2" audiotape
1/2" audiotape
1/2" audiotape
1/2" audiotape
1/2" audiotape
1/2" audiotape
Audiocassette
1/4" audiotape
Audiotape 2. 1/4" audiotape
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
VHS
Audiocassette
U-matic
Audiocassette
2" audiotape
VHS
VHS
Audiocassette
VHS
VHS
VHS
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
VHS
VHS
U-matic
U-matic
VHS
VHS
U-matic
U-matic
U-matic
U-matic
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
VHS
U-matic
VHS
Subseries 4.2 Concert tours, set lists and special events, 1975-1999, undated document in audio cassette and video formats a number of Washington's concerts performed primarily from the mid-1970s to mid-1990s. There are gaps, with few to no performances for the years 1980, 1986, 1994 and 1998. Most of the shows were in the United States, but there are recordings of his 1983 and 1991 shows in Japan and a few European venues. Most are sound recordings, in audiocassette format. The subseries also includes set lists, which appear to be audio versions of the lists Washington worked out on paper, (and included in Subseries 1.3). The concert tour material is arranged in chronological order, followed by undated items in alphabetical order. The "set lists" and "special event" subsets listed at the end of the inventory are similarly arranged.
Many of Washington's concert tours with the musical trio Pieces of a Dream are included here. Other performances of note include Washington's concert at the Shubert Theatre in Philadelphia on June 27, 1981, which was filmed for home video and cable television distribution and originally released in 1982. A DVD version entitled "Live from Philadelphia" was released in 2009. In addition to the U-matic and VHS tapes of the performance included here, documentation of the project, including all agreements, are included in Sub-subseries 1.1.1.
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Part 2, Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
U-matic
VHS
VHS
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
VHS
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
U-matic
Audiocassette
VHS
U-matic
VHS
VHS
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Tape 1, Audiocassette
Tape 2, Audiocassette
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Super-VHS
Super-VHS
Super-VHS
Super-VHS
Super-VHS
Super-VHS
Super-VHS
Super-VHS
Super-VHS
Super-VHS
Super-VHS
Super-VHS
Super-VHS
Super-VHS
Super-VHS
Super-VHS
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
U-matic
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Tape 1, Audiocassette
Tape 2, Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
U-matic
VHS
Audiocassette
VHS
VHS
Tape 1, Audiocassette
Tape 2, Audiocassette
Tape 1, Audiocassette
Tape 2, Audiocassette
Tape 1, Audiocassette
Tape 2, Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
VHS
VHS
VHS
Subseries 4.3 Television and radio, 1975-2001, undated consists primarily of Washington's appearances during the 1980s and 1990s on various local, syndicated or national TV and radio programs, as well as one undated broadcast from London. Media coverage of particular events, such as Washington's 1981 Grammy award and 1986 trip to Russia, are also included. There are also several copies of Washington's performance on the CBS Saturday Early Show, which aired December 18, 1999. Certain copies include the rehearsals of the segment that Washington taped the previous day, just hours before he collapsed from a fatal heart attack. The items in this subseries are arranged in chronological order, followed by undated items in alphabetical order.
Washington is not the subject of all the recordings in this subseries. Local television coverage of the Philadelphia middle school named in honor of Washington in 2001 is part of Subseries 4.5. There are transcripts of several radio and television interviews of Washington in Subseries 3.1.
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
U-matic
U-matic
VHS
U-matic
VHS
VHS
U-matic
VHS
U-matic
VHS
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
VHS
Audiocassette
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
U-matic
VHS
VHS
U-matic
U-matic
U-matic
U-matic
U-matic
U-matic
U-matic
U-matic
VHS
VHS
U-matic
VHS
U-matic
U-matic
U-matic
U-matic
Tape 1, Audiocassette
Tape 2, Audiocassette
VHS
U-matic
U-matic
VHS
VHS
U-matic
VHS
VHS
U-matic
VHS
U-matic
VHS
U-matic
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
Audiocassette
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
U-matic
U-matic
U-matic
U-matic
VHS
U-matic
U-matic
U-matic
U-matic
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
U-matic
VHS
VHS
Parts 1-2, Audiocassette
Parts 3-4, Audiocassette
VHS
VHS
VHS
Audiocassette
VHS
VHS
U-matic
VHS
VHS
Audiocassette
VHS
Audiocassette
VHS
Audiocassette
VHS
U-matic
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
Tape 1, Audiocassette
Tape 2, Audiocassette
VHS
Audiocassette
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
Audiocassette
Tape 1, Audiocassette
Tape 2, Audiocassette
VHS
Audiocassette
Subseries 4.4 Other recording artists, 1976-2003, undated documents the music of other artists, most of whom were associated with Washington. Most notable is the musical trio, Pieces of a Dream. Some of their recordings that Washington produced and their performances while on tour together are documented here, in phonograph record and audiocassette formats. Members of Washington's band and occasional co-producer Donald Robinson and Adam Holzman are also represented here with what appear to be their suggestions of music for Washington. "Walter A." and "Dan Shea" apparently did the same in 1996 with their "two songs for Grover." There are also recordings by several artists with whom Washington collaborated on stage or on record or both: Ralph MacDonald, Nancy Wilson, Chuck Mangione, and Joe Williams. The set of items identified as "sample" consist of recordings by artists who incorporated Washington's music into their own. Sub-subseries 1.1.1 and 1.1.3 include the working files of such instances. The material in this subseries is arranged in chronological order, followed by undated items in alphabetical order. The "sample" subset listed at the end of the inventory are similarly arranged.
Audiocassette
Includes set list, Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
VHS
Audiocassette
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape
1/2" audiotape
1/2" audiotape
U-matic
Audiocassette
VHS
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/2" audiotape (no flanges)
1/4" audiotape
1/4" audiotape
Audiocassette
CD
Audiocassette
(See Sub-subseries 7.3.1 for related correspondence.)
Physical DescriptionCD
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
VHS
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Subseries 4.5 Tributes, 1999-2001, undated consist of the special events and television broadcasts held in honor of Washington, including his funeral service. Posthumous tributes are also documented in Subseries 3.1 and Subseries 7.2. The items in this subseries are arranged in chronological order, followed by undated items in alphabetical order.
VHS
Reel 1 of 2, S-VHS
Reel 2 of 2, S-VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
VHS
Subseries 4.6 Other or uncertain, 1983-2004, undated consists of sound or video recordings that could not with any certainty be categorized in any of the above subseries. Some clearly reflect subjects of personal interest to Washington, such as the interviews of 76ers star athlete Julius Irving. A couple pertain to the Trans-Antarctic expedition; one of which includes a message from Will Steger, the leader of the 3,741 mile journey across the continent. Washington's son, Grover Washington III, recorded the two "Japan" videos while his father performed there. Based on label notations, GWIII focused more on tourist sites rather than his father's performances-although a "Mr. Magic last show Tokyo" is noted on the second tape. The items in this subseries are arranged in chronological order, followed by undated items in alphabetical order.
U-matic
VHS
U-matic
Audiocassette
U-matic
Audiocassette
VHS
Tape 1 of 2, Audiocassette
VHS
Tape 1, U-matic
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
VHS
VHS
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
U-matic
VHS
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
VHS
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
VHS
Audiocassette
Audiocassette
Series 5 Photographs, 1965-2005, undated consists of black and white and color prints of various sizes, contact sheets, slides, transparencies and negatives taken of Washington by professional photographers, fans or friends. Some images were taken for promotional purposes-to be used in the packaging of his recordings, in prints advertisements, or as publicity shots sent to various media outlets. Other images capture Washington in action-performing on stage or in the studio, or taking part in other activities and events-from teaching a group of young musicians to attending receptions with well-known colleagues and government officials. There are several photographs of Washington prior to the launch of his professional career, including his service in the U.S. Army, as well as a few formal and informal portraits with his family and staff. The scrapbooks that comprise Subseries 3.3 contain additional photographs. The series is arranged in three subseries: Subseries 5.1 Publicity and other portraits; Subseries 5.2 Performances; and Subseries 5.3 Other occasions.
Subseries 5.1 Publicity and other portraits, 1971-1999, undated consists of images of Grover Washington, Jr., created primarily to publicize his musical accomplishments, such as the release of a new album or an upcoming concert. Especially well documented, with approximately 200 color transparencies, is the photo shoot for Washington's 1982 release, The Best Is Yet to Come. Like Washington, his saxophone was repeatedly photographed. (Materials in Subseries 6.1 show how these images were used in the packaging of the various recording formats-CD, LP and cassette.) "Publicity" folders are comprised of black and white glossy prints that would be sent to newspapers and other publications. On most of the prints, pertinent information accompanies the images of Washington, such as the record label, management firm, and talent agency that represented Washington at the time as well as the photographer and year of copyright. Portraits of his family are also included. The folders in this subseries are arranged alphabetically, with oversize folders at the end.
Subseries 5.2 Performances, circa 1965-1999, undated consists of any photographs of Washington playing his saxophone, most often on stage; occasionally in the studio. Prints, particularly 4 x 6, are the most typical format. Contact sheets, slides and one negative are also included. Friends, fans and photographers hoping to convince Washington to hire them for future events sent him many of the images. Their correspondence and notes aid in identifying the place and date of the performances documented and are included here. Annotated envelopes have also been retained. Within the folders, sets of photographs, as well as any images with related correspondence or notes, are housed in individual envelopes that are annotated with some level of descriptive information. The first set of folders in this subseries are arranged in chronological order, followed by those arranged alphabetically. Oversize material is listed at the end.
The specific performance date and venue are unknown for the two concerts best documented here. Only the photographer's name (Helen S. Schwartz) and copyright year (1988) are noted on a set of 80 color slides. For approximately the same number of color prints, an envelope marked "Hennessy Concert/Florida?/mid-late 90s" is the only source of identification. (Based on documentation in Subseries 1.3, Washington's Cognac-Hennessy tours included stops in Florida in 1995 and 1997.) There are a significant number of images in each of the three "undated" folders. Some, however, do carry a photographer's stamp that could aid in further identification.
Subseries 5.3 Other occasions, ca. 1965-2005, undated, consists primarily of images of Washington in social settings, such as receptions, special events, seminars, and recording sessions. Within the folders, sets of photographs, as well as any images with related correspondence or notes, are housed in individual envelopes that are annotated with some level of descriptive information. Almost all the images are photographic prints, either black and white or color, and in various sizes. The first set of folders in this subseries are arranged in chronological order, followed by those arranged alphabetically. Oversize material is listed at the end.
Most of the "celebrity shot" photographs of "Grover and friends" document Washington's participation in events held in the nation's capital during the administration of President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore. Further documentation of most of those events is included in Sub-subseries 1.1.1, Subseries 3.1 and 3.3.
Series 6, Promotional material, undated, consists of printed materials designed to promote Washington's concert appearances and recordings. Most are graphic, in the form of posters, sample packaging for LPs, CDs, and audiocassettes, and promotional signage for record stores. There are photographs of actual in-store displays and some miscellaneous printed material also produced for promotional purposes. Along with the visual aids, the record companies also provided retailers with biographical sketches of Washington and discographies to coincide with an album's release and to generate interest in the artist. A variety of each are included here. The series is arranged in three subseries: Subseries 6.1 Posters; Subseries 6.2 Packaging and display; and Subseries 6.3 Other printed material and biographical writings.
Subseries 6.1 Posters, 1973-1999, undated. Upcoming performances, album releases and product endorsements are the primary subjects of these posters, which are as varied in design as they are in size. Most of the posters are announcements of jazz festivals or Washington's club appearances. The posters are arranged in three groups: performances, albums, and endorsements, with miscellaneous material at the end. The dimensions noted in the folder title refer to the size of the folder necessary to accommodate the posters contained.
Subseries 6.2 Packaging and display, 1978-2000 consists of materials used to produce the packaging of the LPs, CDs, and cassettes on which Washington's recordings were available for sale as well as display signs and photographs of the in-store displays of the merchandise, staged by a number of retailers across the country. In this subseries, packaging folders precede those containing display material. Within each set, folders are arranged alphabetically.
Mac CD
Subseries 6.3 Other printed material, 1972-2000, undated consists of other materials created to promote Grover Washington, Jr., and his music. Mailers targeted for consumers include postcards and one fan club booklet, published circa 1984. More substantive in both extent and content are the biographical writings used to publicize Washington's accomplishments to retailers, promoters, and the media. Included here are biographies published by the various record companies to coincide with the release of Washington's recordings. The 1997-2000 versions appear to have been created in-house, by Washington's staff. Discographies offer a comprehensive summary of Washington's recording efforts, listing his solo albums, along with the song list of each, anthologies, collaborative projects, sideman recordings and the recordings of others that he produced through G-Man Productions. Concert schedules are attached to some of the early biographies. Several of the remaining items in the subseries is artwork in that they were intended to be reproduced on other materials: Washington's autograph, a logo of G-Man Productions that features a winged saxophone, and type prints of his publishing company and fan club letterheads.
Series 7: Honors and tributes, 1971-2007, undated documents the recognitions Washington received for his contributions to the music industry, music education, and other public service activities. The many honors consist of those given during his thirty year career and the tributes made posthumously, which includes the renaming of a middle school in his honor and several concerts and special events. The records of the Grover Washington, Jr., Protect the Dream Foundation, which also was established posthumously by his family to encourage and support the musical education of children are included here as well. The series is comprised of certificates, citations, plaques and various object awards, as well as fan mail and letters of condolence, and related ephemera. Photographs, clippings, working files, programs, and other event ephemera also comprise the posthumous tribute files. The series is arranged in three subseries: Subseries 7.1 Lifetime; Subseries 7.2 Posthumous and Subseries 7.3 Protect the Dream.
Subseries 7.1: Lifetime, 1971-2007, undated consists of expressions of appreciation Grover Washington, Jr. received during his career, in the form of fan mail and numerous awards presented on paper, plaques, and other objects. Folders in this subseries are arranged by format.
Subseries 7.2 Posthumous, 1999-2000 consists of the hundreds of expressions of sympathy sent to Washington's family in reaction to his sudden and unexpected death, as well as some of the posthumous tributes, including the renaming of a local middle school in his honor. The subseries is arranged in subsets of folder: condolences, middle school, and tributes.
Included in the condolence documentation is a folder of papers compiled for the planning of Washington's December 23, 1999, funeral service 23 at the Bright Hope Baptist Church and a commemorative program from the service that reflects on personal as well as professional milestones. The renaming of the B and Olney Middle School in honor of Washington is well documented—from proposal to dedication and later school activities. There are approximately 150 photographs the dedication ceremony and outdoor reception held May 2, 2001. The posthumous tributes presented on paper, plaques and objects are individually identified in the inventory below. Additional tributes to Washington are documented in Subseries 3.1 and 7.3. Recorded tributes, which include local television coverage of the school dedication ceremony, are included in Subseries 4.5.
Subseries 7.3 Protect the Dream Foundation, 1999-2006, undated. To honor the musician and his commitment to bringing music to children, in 2000 Washington's family and friends established The Grover Washington, Jr. Protect the Dream Foundation. The Foundation took its name from the song Washington composed honoring the 1989-1990 International Trans-Antarctic expedition. The mission of the Foundation was to enrich the lives of young people through music education; specifically, by providing funds for the purchase of educational resources and tools, such as music books, stands, and software; assist music institutions in restoring or purchasing instruments; provide scholarships; and enable music institutions to offer students a variety of music lessons and programs. Incorporated two months after Washington's death, the Foundation operated as a non-profit organization until October 2008. This subseries documents the establishment and operations of the Foundation, particularly its major fundraising activities, and is arranged in two sub-subseries: Sub-subseries 7.3.1 Working files and Sub-subseries 7.3.2 "Celebrate the Magic!" gala and other events.
Sub-subseries 7.3.1 Working files, 1999-2006, undated contains the papers pertaining to the Foundation's establishment and operation as a non-profit, tax-exempt entity. The Philadelphia Foundation maintained the former's funds. The folders of the Philadelphia Foundation, further identified as "Fund activity statements and related papers" contain the most comprehensive documentation of the Protect the Dream Foundation's yearly activities. The folders are arranged alphabetically.
3 copies
"Celebrate the Magic!" gala and later events, 1995, 2000, undated documents the fundraising efforts of the Protect the Dream Foundation. Working files, ephemera, and clippings comprise most of the material, along with one photo album from the "Groovin' for Grover" gala. The sub-subseries is arranged by event in chronological order of event dates; namely "Celebrate the Magic!" gala (2000), "Make Believe" ball (2002), and "Groovin' for Grover" tour and gala (2004 and 2005, respectively). Within each subset, folders are arranged alphabetically.
3 copies