https://findingaids.library.upenn.edu/records/Peace_SCPC.DG.202

GWEN Project Records

GWEN (Ground Wave Emergency Network was a grass roots organization founded in the mid 1980s. Mobilized citizens protested the establishment of a GWEN network, a plan by the U.S. Air Force to build a system of radiotowers around the U.S. for the purpose of maintaining military communications in the event of nuclear war. The GWEN Project was a national organization, headquartered in Amherst, Massachusetts. The co-directors were Nancy Foster and Lois Barber. In 1994, the U.S. Congress refused further funding for GWEN, calling it wasteful and unnecessary.

Description

Where the collection came from, what's inside, and how you can use it.

Biography/History

GWEN (Ground Wave Emergency Network was a grass roots organization founded in the mid 1980s. Mobilized citizens protested the establishment of a GWEN network, a plan by the U.S. Air Force to build a system of radiotowers around the U.S. for the purpose of maintaining military communications in the event of nuclear war. The GWEN Project was a national organization, headquartered in Amherst, Massachusetts. The co-directors were Nancy Foster and Lois Barber. In 1994, the U.S. Congress refused further funding for GWEN, calling it wasteful and unnecessary.

Scope and Content

This collection contains files of various GWEN projects across the U.S.

Custodial History

The Swarthmore College Peace Collection is the official repository for these records.

Acquisition Information

Gift of Nancy Foster 2001 [Acc. 01A-030]; 2003 [Acc. 03A-027]; Gift of Ronald Fraser 2016 [Acc. 2016-091], [Acc. 2016-105]; 2017 [Acc. 2017-012].

Processing Information

This collection remains partially unprocessed. Those files are listed by the separate accession in which they were donated.

Related Materials

Materials are in English.

Separated Material

Items removed: Photographs; Videorecordings

Rights and citation

Use

None.

Preferred Citation
Cite as: [Identification of item], in the GWEN Project Records (DG 202), Swarthmore College Peace Collection.
Publisher
Swarthmore College Peace Collection

Subjects and headings

Inventory

Everything in this collection, in the order the archivist chose to help you understand it.

Responses at Final Operational Capability (FOC) sites: overview

Sites: Final Operational Capability (FOC)

Cedarville (California): opposition to the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site

Del Norte (Colorado): opposition to the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site

Denmark (Maine): opposition to the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site

Monson (Maine): opposition to the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site

Traverse City (Michigan): opposition to the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site -- Kingsley

Brainerd (Minnesota): opposition to the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site -- Shepard

Hamilton (Montana): opposition to the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site

Livingston (Montana): opposition to the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site

Nevada: opposition to the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site

Denton (North Carolina): opposition to the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site -- CID

Kanab (Utah): opposition to the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site

Nelson County (Virginia): opposition to the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site -- Shipman

Medford (Wisconsin )—opposition to the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site -- Chelsea

Brookston (Indiana): minimal protest against the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site

Rockford (Idaho): minimal protest against the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site

Accident (Maryland): minimal protest against the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site

Missouri: minimal protest against the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site -- Curryville and Dudley

Whitney (Nebraska): minimal protest against the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site

Delaware (Ohio): minimal protest against the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site

Tobyhanna (Pennsylvania): minimal protest against the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site

Dandridge (Tennessee): minimal protest against the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site

Crockett (Virginia): minimal protest against the Final Operational Capability (FOC) site

Air Force announcements of preferred sites in uncontested locations

Other Final Operational Capability (FOC) sites of absent or minimal protest

Lobbying the House of Representatives, 1993

Lobbying the Senate, 1993

Lobbying and congressional action, 1990

Lobbying and congressional action, 1987

Lobbying and congressional action, 1986

Lobbying in Massachusetts

Lobbying: Representative Silvio Conte (Massachusetts), 1985-1991

Lobbying: Sen. Edward Kennedy (Massachusetts)

Lobbying: Sen. John Kerry (Massachusetts), 1985

Lobbying: Richard Bell (aide to Sen. John Kerry)

Lobbying: Representative Barney Frank, 1986-1993

Lobbying: Representative Mavroules (Massachusetts), 1986-1990

Lobbying: Representative Atkins and Representative Boland (Massachusetts)

Lobbying: Representative Studds (Massachusetts)

Lobbying: Other Massachusetts Representatives

Lobbying: Representatives. Machtley, Schneider, St. Germain, 1986-1990

Lobbying: Sens. Pell and Chafee (Rhode Island)

Lobbying: Representative Payne (Virginia), 1990-1993

Lobbying: Representative Sabo (Minnesota), 1993-1994

Lobbying: Sen. Hatfield (Oregon)

Lobbying: Senators Levin and Riegle (Michigan)

Lobbying: Other Representatives and Senators

Help from Peace Groups: Appeals and/or news releases to or by peace groups

Help from Peace Groups: Monday Lobby Group, 1990, 1993

Help from Peace Groups: Lobbying by local groups and individuals, 1990

Help from Peace Groups: Citizens for Participation in Political Action (Massachusetts)

Help from Peace Groups: Natural Resources Defense Council

Help from Peace Groups: Lobbying by peace organizations, 1987-1988

Help from Peace Groups: Physicians for Social Responsibility

Help from Peace Groups: 20/20 Vision

Help from Peace Groups: Misc. peace groups

Air Force: Communication with Air Force Public Affairs and Director of GWEN Program

Air Force: Air Force documents

Air Force: Air Force documents: background

Thin Line Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact, 1985

Thin Line Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact, 1982

Environmental Assessment: Air Force's withholding of information

Air Force Scoping Meeting, Washington (DC), 31680

Documentation for Foster statement at Scoping Meeting

Scoping submissions, Fall 1986

Hearing: Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) re: Final Operational Capability (FOC), 31936

Preparation for hearing on Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) re: Final Operational Capability (FOC), 31936

Written submissions for hearing on Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS), 1987 (June)

Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) hearings in other cities, 1987

Final Environmental Impact Statement on Final Operational Capability (FOC): Excerpts

Thin Line sites

Shrinking GWEN network

Precise location of Thin Line sites

Air Force notification of Tower Sites: process and problems

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests: help from National Security Archives

Documents secured under Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) by Institute for Policy Studies

Documents secured under Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) by GWEN Project

Department of Defense documents

Department of Defense: Franklin Miller's defense of GWEN

Philosophy Behind GWEN: Protracted war strategy, through 1983

Philosophy Behind GWEN: Protracted war strategy, 1984-1990

Philosophy Behind GWEN: Critiques of protracted war strategy

Philosophy Behind GWEN: Federal environmental regulations

Philosophy Behind GWEN: C-Cubed: articles and bibliography

Philosophy Behind GWEN: Shift in U.S. targeting strategy (Los Angeles Times), 1989 (July)

Documents for reference, 1990-1994

Documents for reference, 1987-1989

Documents for reference, 1986

Documents for reference, thru 1985

Hearings, votes, and statements by local and state governmental bodies

Size of network

Funding for GWEN

Foster article in "Bulletin of Atomic Scientists", 1988 (November)

Follow-up articles on GWEN in "Bulletin of Atomic Scientists", 1994 (January-February)

Contacts with editors in "Bulletin of Atomic Scientists"

Institute for Policy Studies: Bill Arkin and Kathleen Clark

Center for Defense Information: Admiral Carroll and Captain Bush

Center for Defense Information: Ronald Fraser

Approach to other Defense Analysts: Supportive Defense Analyst Michael Klare

Approach to other Defense Analysts: Supportive Defense Analyst Adm. Noel Gaylor Ret.

Approach to other Defense Analysts: Supportive Defense Analyst Allan Krass

Approach to other Defense Analysts: Supportive Defense Analyst Peter Hayes

Approach to other Defense Analysts: Letters to defense analysts

Approach to Defense Analyst Robert Aldridge

Approach to Defense Analyst Desmond Ball

Approach to Defense Analyst Bruce Blair

Approach to Defense Analyst Paul Bracken

Approach to Defense Analyst Ashton Carter

Approach to Defense Analyst Daniel Ford

Approach to Defense Analyst Thomas Powers

Approach to Defense Analyst John Pike, James Rubin

Approach to Defense Analyst John Steinbruner

Approach to Defense Analyst Jonathan Tucker

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: GWEN Project documents, 1990-1994

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: GWEN Project documents, 1987-1989

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: GWEN Project documents, 1986

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: GWEN Project documents, 1985

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: No-GWEN News and Updates to Activists

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: Information packets, 1985

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: Mailing lists

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: Oral presentations on GWEN

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: Lois Barber's Letters to the Editor; op-ed pieces by GWEN opponents

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: Questions on GWEN developed by GWEN Project

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: Mainstream press and wire stories, 1983-1994

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: Editorials re: GWEN

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: GWEN Project's press releases

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: Background information for the press; national press contacts

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: Press contacts (mostly initiated by reporters at tower sites)

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: Peace-oriented press

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: REColoradoN 1 (project censored)

Gwen Project Documents, Newsletters, Updates: REColoradoN 2

Lawsuits: Conservation Law Foundation and State of Rhode Island

Lawsuits: Conservation Law Foundation

Lawsuits: Approach to Massachusetts Attorney General

Lawsuit: Lane County (Oregon)

Lawsuit: township[?] of Little Egg Harbor (New Jersey)

Protest in Amherst: Amherst Selectboard

Protest in Amherst: Amherst town meeting

Protest in Amherst: Hampshire County commissioners hearings, 1985 (February.-April)

Protest in Amherst: Contacts with county commissioners

Protest in Amherst: Questions for the military at county commissioners hearings

Protest in Amherst: Hearing: William Arkin, Institute for Policy Studies transcript, 31090

Protest in Amherst: Hearing: Lt Col Dale Condit, U.S. Air Force transcript, 31132

Protest in Amherst: Hearing: Franklin Miller, Director, Strategic Forces Policy -- DOD transcript, 31153

Protest in Amherst: Initial response to news of tower, 1984 (November-December)

Protest in Amherst: Organizing against tower, 1985 (January)

Protest in Amherst: Opposition to tower, 1985 (February)

Protest in Amherst: Opposition to tower, 1985 (March)

Protest in Amherst: Opposition to tower, Amherst (Massachusetts), 1985 (April-October)

Protest in Amherst: Local support for GWEN Project

Protest in Amherst: News reports: Amherst area press

Protest in Amherst: Letters to the Editor and op ed pieces: Amherst area press

Funding, Grants, Expenses: Peace Development Fund

Funding, Grants, Expenses: Haymarket People's Fund

Funding, Grants, Expenses: CS Fund: funding exchange

Funding, Grants, Expenses: Winston Foundation

Funding, Grants, Expenses: Testimonials for funding sources

Funding, Grants, Expenses: Budgets for grants

Funding, Grants, Expenses: Expenses of Director (Foster)

Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) Concerns about GWEN's Groundwave

National Academy of Sciences Report on Electromagnetic Radiation

Louis Slesin of Microwave News on Electromagnetic Radiation

Opposition at Thin Line sites

Cape Cod (Massachusetts) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

S.E. Massachusetts opposition, including ACUSHNET to/at Thin Line site/s

Newsclippings re: S.E. Massachusetts opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Little Compton (Rhode Island) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Newsclippings re: Little Compton (Rhode Island) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Westport (Massachusetts) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Barre (Massachusetts) opposition (North Central, Massachusetts) to/at Thin Line site/s

Hubbardston (Massachusetts) opposition (North Central, Massachusetts) to/at Thin Line site/s

Gardner (Massachusetts) opposition (North Central, Massachusetts) to/at Thin Line site/s

Hardwick (Massachusetts) opposition (North Central, Massachusetts) to/at Thin Line site/s

North Brookfield (Massachusetts) Opposition (North Central, Massachusetts) to/at Thin Line site/s

Westminster (Massachusetts) Opposition (North Central, Massachusetts) to/at Thin Line site/s

Other North Central Massachusetts opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Castine (Maine) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Penobscot (Maine) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Sherman (Maine) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

California Opposition to/at Thin Line site/s: Chico and Bakersfield

Rocky Flats (Colorado) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Mechanicsvilled (IA) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Maryland opposition to/at Thin Line site/s: Hagerstown, Waldorf and Crownsville

Onondaga (Holt, Michigan) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Polson (Montana) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Lacey (New Jersey) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Egg Harbor/ Little Egg Harbor (New Jersey) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Elmira (New York) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

New Bern (North Carolina) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Eugene (Oregon) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Gettysburg (Pennsylvania) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Harbor Creek (Pennsylvania) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Mequon (Wisconsin) opposition to/at Thin Line site/s

Actions at Thin Line tower sites (includes civil disobedience)

Sites with minimal protest opposing Thin Line

Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis on GWEN

Recommendations to Massachusetts Governor Dukakis by Governor's Advisory Council

GWEN as issue in Massachusetts Governor Dukakis' presidential campaign, 1988

Congressional hearings, 1987-1989

Congressional hearings, through 1986

Reports to Congress

Congressional Documents: Castine-Maine Opposition Thin Line

Congressional Documents: Penobscot, Maine Opposition Thin Line

Congressional Documents: Sherman, Maine Opposition Thin Line

California Opposition-ThinLine Chico and Bakersfield

Rocky Flats, CO Opposition Thin Line

Mechanicsville, IA Opposition Thin Line

Maryland Opposition - Thin Line, Hagerstown, Waldorf and Crownsville

Accession 03A-027

Accession 2017-012

Contact

These materials are held by Swarthmore College Peace Collection. Contact them to schedule a visit or ask about your research.

Address
500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081-1399
Email
specialcollections@swarthmore.edu
Website
https://resolver.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/ark:/37966/s189c9b1fa-b471-48dc-abed-4ac0901d83e5

Philadelphia Area Archives

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