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Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle papers
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Held at: Historical Society of Pennsylvania [Contact Us]1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
Overview and metadata sections
Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle
1896: Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1915: Graduates from St. Paul School in Concord, New Hampshire.
1915: Marries Mary L Duke, heiress to a North Carolina tobacco fortune; they have two children.
1917-1919: Serves in U.S. Army; reaches the rank of captain.
1920s-1933: Involved in shipping and mining business ventures; presides over a company called Sonora Products; business associate of Central Park Casino in New York; engages in semi-professional boxing, polo, and tennis.
1931: Divorces Mary L. Duke; marries Margaret Thompson Schulze, heiress to a Montana copper fortune; they have no children and later divorce.
1934: Heavily involved in the Democratic Party, campaigning for George Howard Earle in Pennsylvania and for Franklin Delano Roosevelt nationally.
1935: Appointed minister to Norway by Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
1936: Back in the United States, serves as Assistant Secretary of the Democratic National Convention.
1937: Appointed ambassador to Poland by Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
1939: Escapes from Poland after Nazi invasion.
1940: Named interim ambassador to France.
1941-1944: Based in London, becomes United States ambassador extraordinaire and minister plenipotentiary to Poland, Belgium, The Netherlands, Norway, Greece, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Luxembourg.
1944: Returns to Army active duty with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel; appointed deputy chief of the European Allied Contact Section (Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force).
1945-1948: Immediately after the German surrender is named chief of the Allied Contact Division, U.S. Forces, European Theatre. Marries Margaret Atkinson Loughborough, a Canadian national on General Eisenhower’s staff; they have two children.
1950-1951: Appointed foreign liaison of the Department of the Army with the rank of Brigadier General.
1953-1955: Appointed special assistant to the Army’s chief of staff, General Matthew B. Ridgway.
1955: Appointed adjutant general of the Pennsylvania National Guard with the rank of major general; chairman of the State Governmental Reorganization Commission; chairman of the Pennsylvania Aeronautics Commission.
1958-1959: President of the Association of the US Army.
1961: Becomes lieutenant general of the Pennsylvania National Guard, his highest rank. At the beginning of the year is appointed ambassador to Spain by John F. Kennedy.
November 1961: Dies of lung cancer in Washington, DC.
This collection, spanning from 1912 to 1961 with the bulk of the materials dating from 1938 to 1955, is composed of documents produced by Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle while working for the United States diplomatic service, for U.S. military agencies, and for several civil organizations. The collection contains correspondence, clippings, photographs, scrapbooks, and papers related to his work as US ambassador, U.S. representative to foreign countries, military officer, military aid to General Matthew B. Ridgway and General Dwight Eisenhower, adjutant general of the Pennsylvania National Guard, cabinet member of the Pennsylvania state government, as well as various positions he held with the Association of the US Army, the Pennsylvania Aeronautics Commission, and the Temple University Board of Directors. Mixed with all these documents are multiple letters, photographs, and notes to and from family and friends, mostly from his early years. The collection is organized in five series: Correspondence and General Papers; Newspaper Clippings and Publications; Photographs and Prints; Scrapbooks; and Federal Documents.
Series I (Correspondence and General Papers) spans from 1932 to 1961 and includes incoming and outgoing correspondence, work-related documents, and copies of most speeches Biddle gave during his life. The majority of the correspondence is work related; however, personal letters and documents can be found interspersed throughout the series. Series II (Newspaper Clippings and Publications) spans from 1924 to 1961 and features numerous clippings from American and European newspapers, many of them with handwritten annotations. This series also contains magazines, newsletters, and other publications Biddle kept, some of which feature handwritten annotations as well. Series III (Photograph and Prints) spans from the 1910s to 1961 and contains both personal and work-related pictures. The series also features prints and several pencil drawings. Series IV (Scrapbooks) contain clippings and photographs collected by Biddle in book form. The earliest scrapbook is from 1939 and the last one dates from 1956. Series V (Federal Documents) includes documents created or acquired by Biddle in in the course of his work for the Federal government in various diplomatic and military positions.
Series I. Correspondence and General Papers; 1917-1961, undated; 44 boxes
Series II. Newspaper Clippings and Publications; 1924-1961, undated; 21 boxes
Series III. Photographs and Prints; 1912-1961, undated; 19 boxes
Series IV. Scrapbooks; 1936-1959; 10 boxes
Series V. Federal Documents; 1917-1961, undated; 14 boxes
Gift of Margaret Biddle Robbins, 1969 and 2008.
Processing was conducted using guidelines based on the "More Product, Less Process" approach to archival processing with the goal to provide researchers immediate access to the materials.
In organizing this collection an effort was made to maintain the order in which the papers were found as much as possible. However, in some cases a different approach was taken due to confusing titles, insufficient descriptive information, or the interfiling of professional and personal papers. Some folder titles were updated or changed to consolidate as many documents as possible under one subject heading (e.g., Poland, Association of the US Army, etc.). Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle used different methods to organize his correspondence: alphabetical, by year, by event, by names. Correspondence for 1960, for example, is divided alphabetically while for 1961 two different groupings were used: alphabetical and grouped all together. In some instances he divided letters between Personal and General but this is not always the case. Due to their contents, several folders originally titled Miscellaneous 1934-1936 have been renamed Correspondence.
All folders originally titled Speeches were grouped together. However, speeches for particular events (with the folder title reflecting the name of the event) were not separated from their original content. Researchers must be aware that Biddle participated in many speaking engagements and multiple folders contain speeches even though their titles do not reflect this. The same approach was taken with photographs. All single photos and folders containing only photographs have been sleeved and grouped together under the Photographs and Prints series. Pictures found in folders with other papers were also sleeved but kept as found.
Researchers must also be aware that folders titled "Notes" could contain documents related to different subjects already represented in other folders in the collection. Additionally, some folders with different titles could contain documents about the same subject, such as Oslo/Norway; Poland/Warsaw; US Foreign Services/Ambassador Extraordinary.
In addition, when the collection was received, documents collected or acquired by Biddle as part of his work for the State Department or the U.S. Army were often interfiled with personal papers. As part of processing, these materials have been separated into Series 5 (Federal Documents). Staff of the National Archives and Records Administration Office of the Inspector General (NARA OIG) has reviewed the contents of this series and determined that it is suitable to remain at HSP. NARA OIG staff also formally declassified federal documents that had been stamped as "secret," "confidential," etc.
People
- Earle, George Howard, 1890-1974.
- Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976.
- Guffey, Joseph F., 1870-1959.
- Hoover, J. Edgar (John Edgar), 1895-1972.
- Leader, George M., 1918-
- Paderewski, Ignace Jan, 1860-1941.
- Ridgway, Matthew B. (Matthew Bunker), 1895-1993.
Organization
- Association of the United States Army.
- Indiantown Gap Military Reservation (Pa.).
- National Guard Association of Pennsylvania.
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
- Norway.
- Paderewski Foundation.
- Pennsylvania Aeronautics Commission.
- Poland.
- Spain.
- Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe.
- Temple University.
- United States. Office of Strategic Services.
- United States. President (1933-1945 : Roosevelt).
- United States. President (1953-1961 : Eisenhower).
- United States. President (1961-1963 : Kennedy).
Subject
- Aeronautics, Commercial--Law and legislation--United States
- Airports--Pennsylvania
- Ambassadors--United States
- Ambassadors’ spouses
- Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine for North America
- Armories--Pennsylvania
- Democratic Party (U.S.)
- Diplomatic and consular service, American
- Foreign Relations--United States--Europe--1935-1944
- Governments in exile
- Nazi propaganda--Poland
- Poland--Foreign relations--United States--Sources
- United States Army
- United States--Foreign relations--Poland--Sources
- United States--Foreign relations--Spain--Sources
- United States--History--Cold War
- World War I
- World War II, 1939-1945--Diplomatic Service
- World War II
- World War, 1939-1945--Causes
- Yalta Conference (1945)
- Publisher
- Historical Society of Pennsylvania
- Finding Aid Author
- Finding aid prepared by Willhem Echevarria, assisted by Matthew Lyons
- Sponsor
- This collection was processed as part of the Civic Engagement Collections Project. Funding for this project was provided by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC).
- Access Restrictions
-
This collection is open for research.
Collection Inventory
Making the bulk of the collection, this series contains letters and general papers both personal and work related. Since Biddle and his secretaries used different filing methods throughout the years (alphabetical, by year, by subject) there is no clear separation between personal and professional documents. Although Biddle labeled many folders as “Correspondence”, letters can be found in almost all folders of the collection including those whose title does not specifically use the term. Similarly, speeches can be found in folders titled thus and in folders named after events in which Biddle’s involvement included addressing the audience. Documents in this series span from 1932 to 1961.
Physical Description43 boxes
This series consists of newspaper clippings collected by Biddle from 1924 to 1961, a great number of them with handwritten annotations. For some years Biddle used a clipping bureau; clippings provided by this agency feature a pink slip with a date stamp. Most of the clippings, however, were collected by Biddle himself and although many feature the newspaper’s name and publication date, not all of them do. Since Biddle organized these by year they were kept together under the assumption that they were indeed published on the date he stamped in the folder.
This portion of the collection also contains magazines and newsletters kept by Biddle, some of them featuring his annotations.
Physical Description20 boxes
This series is composed of photographs, prints and a handful of pencil drawings. Original folder titles were kept; loose photographs were housed in folders and labeled Unidentified. The majority of the early photographs are from St. Paul’s School, family trips to West Palm Beach, a visit to the Spartacus film set with Kirk Douglas, and events held at the Central Park Casino, a private club in which Biddle invested. The remaining photographs depict different times in Biddle’s career: military inspections, functions as representative of the U.S. Army or as adjutant general of the Pennsylvania National Guard, his stint as ambassador in Poland, the bombardment of Poland by the Nazis, visits to foreign countries as a military liaison, visits to United States of military officers from foreign countries, activities held at the US Embassy in Spain, and albums given to him as souvenirs and mementos.
Physical Description11 boxes
This series contains all scrapbooks that Biddle collected. They contain both newspaper clippings and photographs and span from 1936 to 1956. There is also a copy of The Democratic Book (1936) used by the Franklin D. Roosevelt campaign for fundraising purposes.
Physical Description9 boxes
This series is composed of documents produced or acquired by Biddle in the course of his work for the Federal government in various capacities. These include his diplomatic posts, 1935-1944 and 1961 (minister to Norway, ambassador to Poland, Spain, and the European governments in exile during World War II) and his positions as a U.S. Army officer, 1944-1955 (including as staff member to Generals Eisenhower and Ridgway). These materials document many of the events leading up to and during World War II and the early cold war, from the standpoint of an influential and well-connected U.S. official stationed in Europe. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania is seeking a determination from the National Archives and Records Administration as to whether the documents in this series need to be returned to the Federal government. Several documents in this series, which are stamped "Secret" or "Confidential," are closed to researchers and HSP staff pending the outcome of this inquiry.
Physical Description22 boxes