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Waln family papers
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The Walns were a family of prominent Quaker merchants in Philadelphia. In 1774, Richard Waln, moved the family to Crosswicks, in Monmouth County, New Jersey, where he purchased "Walnford" and established a flour mill.
Richard Waln (b. 1737) was the son of Nicholas and Mary Shoemaker Waln. A Philadelphia Quaker merchant engaged in international maritime trade and financial concerns in Philadelphia, Waln married Elizabeth Armitt. After moving to Walnford in 1774, he engaged in the milling business. Following the Revolution, Waln became involved again in Philadelphia commerce. Richard and Elizabeth Waln were the parents of Joseph (1761-1824), Mary (1765-1786), Elizabeth (circa 1767-1837), Hannah, Rebecca (1772-1854), Nicholas, and Jacob Shoemaker (1776-1850).
Nicholas Waln (1742-1813) was Richard's brother. Nicholas Waln was educated as a lawyer but as a young man gave up his lucrative practice as the result of a profound religious experience in 1772. He began to travel in the ministry in 1774 and made two religious visits to Great Britain in 1783 and 1795. He married Sarah Richardson in 1771. Their children included Joseph R. Waln (1773-1783), Jacob Shoemaker Waln (1784-1847), William and Nicholas Waln.
Nicholas Waln was the son of Richard and Elizabeth Waln. He married Sarah Ridgeway and they were the parents of Richard, Elizabeth, Joseph, John, Nicholas and Sarah (1816-1907).
Jacob Shoemaker Waln (1776-1850) was also a son of Richard and Elizabeth Waln. He worked with his merchant relatives Jesse (1750-1806) and Robert Waln (1765-1836), until becoming a successful merchant on his own. He served in the Pennsylvania Legislature from 1825 to 1826 as a Federalist. He married Sallie Morris.
Robert Waln (1765-1836) was the cousin of Richard Waln. He was born February 22, 1765, the son of Robert Waln (1720/1-1784) on the Waln family plantation near Frankford. He entered the importing and exporting business with his cousin Jesse Waln who was the son of Richard (1717-1764) and Hannah Waln. The cousins operated a mercantile firm near the waterfront in Philadelphia, which imported and exported goods from England and the Caribbean. After experiencing some financial troubles during the War of 1812, the cousins turned to domestic manufacturing and opened and operated the Eagle Factory in Trenton. Robert Waln manufactured cotton for the next two decades, but he was in debt. He assigned his business to Benjamin Morgan and John Smith in 1819 and Robert’s son Lewis assumed control of the Eagle Factory around 1822. He served in Pennsylvania Legislature from 1794 to 1798 as Federalist and was described as "a powerful conservative spokesman in city and state politics," (Hastings, p. 71).
Jesse Waln (1750-1806) was the son of Richard Waln (1717-1764) and Hannah Waln. He became one of the most prominent and successful merchants in Philadelphia. He was in partnership with his cousin Robert Waln.
Lewis Waln (1796-1863) was born in Philadelphia in 1796 to Robert Waln and Phebe Lewis Waln. In 1822, he assumed operations at the Eagle Factory in Trenton in association with his Uncle Gideon. By 1829, Lewis was the sole owner of the factory and he was also trading goods under the firm Waln and Leaming with Jeremiah Fisher Leaming. Lewis eventually sold the Eagle Factory property after the buildings sustained fire and flood damage in the 1840s. Lewis Waln died at Waln Grove in 1863.
Bibliography:
Hastings, William S. "Robert Waln, Jr.: Quaker Satirist and Historian," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 76, No. 1 (Jan. 1952), pp. 71-80).
Haverford College. Nicholas Waln family papers, 1783-1895.
Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Smith-Waln family papers, 1722-1891, Collection 1628.
The Waln family papers document primarily the family's business activities. Richard Waln (1737-1808) who was engaged in the milling business in Walnford, New Jersey, also was involved with financial concerns in Philadelphia. His nephew Robert (1765-1836) was the director of the Philadelphia Insurance Company from 1804 to 1813. Robert a successful merchant, joined into a partnership with his cousin Jesse, and traded with England and the West Indies, and later with East India and China. The collection is divided into two series, "I. Correspondence," and "II. Financial records."
The "Correspondence" series, 1759 to 1889, chronologically arranged, records primarily the family's business concerns. Foreign correspondence, dating from 1759 to 1790 and 1814 to 1820, contains mostly business letters to and from concerns in London, Jamaica and Barbados. Some of the London correspondents are David Barclay & Sons, Harford & Powell, and Crafton & Colson. Others include Anthony Golley, Thomasin Peters, William Welch, and George Nurse. There is also correspondence regarding the Brig Rebecca from 1762 to 1764 and of the Sloop Enterprise from 1814 to 1820. Domestic correspondence, 1762 to 1889, includes mainly letters of Richard Waln until circa 1795. Thereafter, there are letters of Robert W. Waln until circa 1826, Lewis W. Waln until circa 1859, and R. Rundle Smith. Included are the letterbooks of Nicholas Waln from 1762 to 1794, and of Lewis Waln from 1820 to 1849, with an index. Major correspondents include Mary Mitchell, James S. Smith, Gideon H. Wells, Charles J. Ingersoll, and William Bache.
The "Financial records" series, dating from 1752 to 1889, consists of domestic account books, mostly from Walnford, 1764 to 1889; foreign account books, 1759 to 1768; journals, 1761-1775; ledgers, 1761-1792; invoice books, 1762-1828; receipt books, 1783-1849; bills, 1776-1889; checkbooks of Lewis Waln, 1837-1858; stock account books; and miscellaneous books of accounts, invoices, etc., 1752-1889.
Gift of Mrs. Benjamin Rush, 1951.
This finding aid was produced from an original collection summary provided by Elizabeth P. McLean, 1993.
The creation of the electronic guide for this collection was made possible through generous funding from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, administered through the Council on Library and Information Resources’ “Cataloging Hidden Special Collections and Archives” Project from 2009 to 2011.
Finding aid entered into the Archivists' Toolkit by Garrett Boos.
People
- Waln , Nicholas, 1742-1813
- Waln, Lewis, 1796-1863
- Waln, Nicholas
- Waln, Richard, b. 1737
- Waln, Robert, 1765-1836.
Subject
Place
- Publisher
- Historical Society of Pennsylvania
- Finding Aid Date
- ; 2012.
- Sponsor
- The creation of the electronic guide for this collection was made possible through generous funding from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, administered through the Council on Library and Information Resources’ “Cataloging Hidden Special Collections and Archives” Project from 2009-2011. Finding aid entered into the Archivists' Toolkit by Garrett Boos.
- Access Restrictions
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This collection is open for research use.
- Use Restrictions
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Copyright restrictions may apply. Please contact the Historical Society of Pennsylvania with requests for copying and for authorization to publish, quote or reproduce the material.
Collection Inventory
Includes:
a description for "superfine, common, Indian meal, stuff [sic], Wide, rye flour, indian corn..."; Downing & Thomas, Philadelphia, September 19, 1785, "... have sent by Reinear 1 [hogshead] Rum, 104 Fall at 3/1 1 Bb Sugar and Sett of Bedstead Screws...We intend to send the servant woman if the Shallow stay 'till morning...";
Richard Thomas, Philadelphia, August 27,1785, "I did not come to Town 'till after thy Shallop was gone up, which occasion'd the delay in regard to the Bolting Cloth--As [Daniel] Burns concur'd with me in Opinion that thy Cloth would not answer. I have Bot the one that I expect will be very good--[Colonel] Burns supposed that half thy cloth and have of a Free one might Answer, but I never knew any which were so much different in fineness to prove worth the trouble of putting on--I believe thy cloth would not bolt any except in frosty weather however if this New Cloth shou'd prove to bolt too free (tho' I think there is no danger) then that experiment might be try'd--Am sorry to inform thee thy common flour would not Pass Inspection, some, indeed all that was try'd was Condemn'd we Stop'd turning out and are retailing it for home Consumption--Indian Meal sticks on hand, but we have sold some of the last..."
Includes:
from Jacob Downing, March 22, 1788, largely regarding wheat, concluding "Sally has made me a present of a fine little boy--she continue very low and poorly - owing to her having an uncommon bad time but I hope she is out of danger...;"
from Jacob Seaman in New York, May 1, 1788, "...a great majority in this city in favour of the new constitution;"
from Jacob Downing, May 14, 1788, "... [the flour] comes to hand in bad order ... however have put it off without any fine...;"
from John Warder, May 30, 1788, "I often inquire after thy beloved wife in hopes to hear of her recovery--I am please to fine she is so much better as to be able to ride out--pray present my best wishes ...;"
and from Peter Ten Eck, in reply to inquiry about bartering "cheese and midlings in exchange for flax" [possible for cheese but not flax], information regarding grain and flour, and some comments regarding family.
Includes:
from Jesse and Robert Waln, June-December 1788, business, "…we have put on board the Bordentown boat bus salt at £ bushels ...," [at bottom] "We mentioned above that the salt was on board, every set of carriers in town are engag'd and the boatman would not way an hour, so that we must sent it by the next boat, Jersey Money £150 for £100 species;"
comments regarding the price of Jersey money;
and from Robert Waln, June 14, 1788, “Dear cousin” in compliance with thy request I have put the plant of foxglove on board the Bordentown Boat, and given particular charges to the Boatman to take care of it—if the lower leaves of the plant can be serviceable to Cousin Betsy the Gardener says they may be taken off without injuring the plant--should any accident happen to it, thee will please to give me information and I will endeavor to replace it--I am much concern'd that my much esteem'd Cousin still continues in so weak a situation and can sincerely say that no even could afford me greater satisfaction than to hear of the restoration of her health her kind attentions to me call for the warmest acknowledgment and gratitude on my part and I must request thee will remember me affectionately to her--Phebe joins in Love with thy respectfull Kinsman, [Robert] Waln"
Includes:
from Gabriel Allen to R. Waln, March 28, 1790, “You boat is come up to Bordentown…When people know there is [sic] two boats attend at my landing …we shant [sic] two boats attend at my landing…we shant [sic] want to business… it is such a good road to it and no hill of any consequence….;"
from Jacob Seaman to Richard Waln, New York, December 23, 1788, “sold 100 [barrels] bread—when I shall dispose of the remainder cannot say as it is much faulted on [account] of the largeness [sic] of the biskit [sic];"
and from Robert Waln to Richard Waln, Philadelphia, July 5, 1789, “Dear Cousin …Thee will please to make my particular remembrance to Cousin Betsy Both Phebe and myself are very desirous of seeing her and I hope shortly to visit Walnford for a day or two…”
Includes:
Sales of merchandise on account of Richard Waln, July 1798 through June 1799, [commission sales] July 1797 through December 1797;
John Wilcocks from Philadelphia to Richard Waln, expecting "44 [hogsheads] of meal" for vessels waiting, sent "22 empty [hogsheads]" to have them returned with meal;
sundry letters about money owed to Richard;
from Thomas Wistar, son-in-law, to Richard Waln, March 22, 1792, mentions landing scantling "... many of them have so much bark and sap as to render them unfit," supplied by R. Pierson [a lessee on the saw mill?];
and from Robert Bowne to Richard Waln, New York, August 17, 1792, "…I observe thy thoughts on the improvement of Tide mills and if the principals be just and care[fully] be applied to affect the purpose proposed on the plan thee lays down, I think it a great discovery and deserving [of a] patent, much more than several of [those] discoveries that have lately obtained."
These letters contain much political commentary and news and discuss duties and the attitude of Parliament, particularly in regards to trade and smuggling. At least one letter at least written "in the Pennsylvania Coffee House." Included are:
Nicholas to Richard Jr., from London , discussion of problems of duties on molasses, sugar and tea, etc., "I am to breakfast tomorrow with Dr. Fothergill and shall endeavour to get him to exert his influence in preventing the Abolishing Paper currency and may probably call upon some of the members of Parliament myself about it ...," January 22, 1763.
"No, thou art mistaken, I am not gone yet, which is as much as if I was to say I am here still. And so I supposed I am to expect no more letter, hay? Well, well, keep your ink and your paper and your penns and your time and all that, ha, who cares. I shall save postage by the by. Ay, that’s a bright thought. And no Wonder I should be witty, for I yesterday dined with a member of Parliament … I am as much a Quaker as when I left Philadelphia, and I feel no inclination to throw it off …," August 10, 1764.
"… I went the other Day at the Request of Captain McPherson to view his ship the Britannia of 400 Tons Burthen, which is going in the Spring under command to Philadelphia … I am not fully determined whether I shall take my passage in her or in Budden …," December 2, 1764.
Richard to Nicholas, "Betsy is also in good health after bringing me a fine boy who for want of a better name we call Nicholas ...," November 14, 1763.
Richard to Nicholas, “Unkle Jacob Shoemaker is very much Disobliged, he thinks thee has neglected him and say he is ashamed it should be Known that thee did not write, but more on thy account than his Own …," March 10, 1764.
Richard to Nicholas, "…There is in the world such a person as Joseph Waln ... he is my son, about 2 years 7, a very spritely Child—whome thou seems to have forgot even before thee left us, for thee did not take thy leave of him and has never mentioned him since, little Nicholas is a fine Child and in two things very different from his Uncle," April 9, 1764.
Richard to Nicholas, "… I hope that Lumber Act will be repeal'd while our mother country is jealous of our manufacturing our own Goods, they deprive us of great means of paying for their, without pointing out by what means we are to be Cloathed ...," November 5 1764.
The majority of these letters relate to business. Included are:
"… Please also to send everything in the Mill forwards as speedy as possible ...," conversation regarding specie and Jersey money, July 1789.
"... the flour is very bad … some casks not nailed ... there must be absolutely more attention to the Casks they are packed … hard the first time which leaves them so loose that the expence of cooperage will exceed the commission …," June 24, 1789.
"Dear Mother… It is now a long Time since I have heard from thee and I am very uneasy to know how thee stands the warm weather … I often think how much more comfortable you live then the people in this City …," June 15, 1789.
Sends his mother two yams with the letter, May 9, 1789.
The majority of these letters relate mostly to business, however, Joseph often writes a note to his mother on the back of a letter to his father.
"… I am sorry to find thee is dissatisfied as I have at all times considered thy interest as my own ... it is impossible to send a servant as their [sic] are none here except a miserable sickly taylor and his wife …," November 1, 1789.
"... tells me thee intends buying Books have now sent thee the New Imperial Law…," flour has been dull, November 25, 1789.
"My dear Mother, I feel exceedingly uneasy at hearing thee is poorly …," September 26, 1789.
The majority of these letters are addressed to "dear father" and "dear son," and relate mostly to business. Included is:
"Dear Father… tho it always gives me great pleasure to hear from my dear Father yet the Information it conveys gives me great uneasiness and am extremely sorry you are so badly off for help in the Mill ... indeed good Millers are very scarce ... Jonathan Yerkes was yesterday in Town and told me he had not been able to come across one he could venture to recommend and would not wish to send one he thought would not suit …" (footnote: sent by John Platt [who also bears letter] 2 pounds Solution Tea; 2 pounds Wire, sorted, and 2 ounces 1 ounce laudanum), February 1792.
The majority of these letters relate to business. Included are:
Richard Waln to Nicholas Waln Jr., Walnford, "Dear Son," asking to be sent "the red skin potatoes and about 20 bushels of others, the Irons for the Waggon of Joseph don’t neglect … 16th, I am now at Josephs Farm—the Great worm is abundantly destructive ... we are sadly at a loss for Betsy…please to send all the Potatoes thee can spare, Joseph wishes to plant 4 acres – not in casks, but loose…," May 4, 1800.
Richard Waln to Nicholas at Walnford, “no prospect of peace, will not a small Cargo of Plaster at about 8 dollars delivered at Bordentown suit thee… Money if thee wants, I will try to accommodate thee with, let me know ...," undated.
The majority of these letters relate to business. Included are:
Richard Waln to Nicholas at Walnford, "…I can send thee another Cooper, a single Man, not Dutch ... get me some Hogsheads made if thee can … [regarding corn], your neighborhood knows how to ask some very high prices … The rent of the House and Stove should be $16 – the man is a Cider cooper, get him to make me a sope [sic] Tubb – either of the staves in the Pork House loft or other, as thee may think best, that will hold about 2.5 lbs – coopering is very dull here … how does thy wheat look has it come up well--use my Horse so as to pay for his keeping—I think thee had better get thy Plaister as well as Salt from New York… how would thee like 20 [bushel] Clover Seed absolutely clean at $7—perhaps at 6 ...," November 15, 1805.
[to Nicholas], "… a boy now is sent by boat to Burlington on tryal, I got him of Jno Cooke, the terms are if thee likes him on tryal of 5, 4, 5 or 6 months to be $30 and schooling to read write and cypher …," undated.
Richard to Nicholas, "potatoes are plenty here and cheap ...,"July 23, 1894.
Richard to Nicholas, "…send if you have plenty a few cucumbers …," July 4, 1804.
The majority of these letters relate to business, but also include occasional remonstrances about not seeing Nicholas and wanting to see the children and Sarah. He also mentions feeling his age. Included are:
“My Son… I have refused to go to Joseph’s 'tho he came on purpose for me least I might miss seeing Sarah and the children, I now give her out and you may as I know you will--take your own course--I do not expect to see Walnford many more Times—if ever ... [reports on siblings] ... Nicholas is deep in the Earth—Money—Money—Money what will it do = separates us from our peace and real hapiness [sic] beyond the comforts of life ... it is a clog and imcumbrance to say we get but little is nothing to the purpose--what is the State of the Mind, highly displeased, give me more Money -- say with George Emlen when a man dies -- 'how does he cut up' --not did he feel an Evidence of that Peace that will be the reward of well doing ...," May 20, 1806.
To Nicholas, "… the Rose Leaves and rose water came safe …," December 16, 1807.
To Nicholas, "I wish thou would attend to stopping the Leak between the Mills—the best way will be to put on hot Tar and Powdered Charcoal mixed as think as Mortar and laid on 3 inches thick and then a board fitted nicely and fastened to the high Mill so as to cover the Composition, and if this board has little put on where it joins the Mill I think it would certainly be tight ...," November 6, 1807.
"... thy brother Joseph is decidedly against thy buying Horsfield place…I feel much better and long to see the Dear children ...," June 7, 1807.
"... to make a storehouse of thy Mill for the Farmers is unwise—but to fill it for thyself has my entire approbation …," February 12, 1807.
"… I suppose thou killed hogs this Day and in a few days we may expect to see thee 7 daughter …," January 19, 1807.
"… I don’t want thy [barrel] of Pippins, Joseph has give me plenty …," October 31, 1806.
"… May Waln is married to W[illia]m Israel, grief, grief …," October 21, 1806.
"Thy letter of the 5th of this month by Jno Ridgeway Jr. is rec'd and the Roots of Grapes ...," October 10, 1806.
"It is concluded for thee to take Thomas Morgan in the spring—it is best to have a Fulling Mill Stock if needful, money will be attended to …," October 1, 1806.
Sarah Waln's correspondence includes one incoming letter and four outgoing letters. The incoming letter, dated 1847, is from Henry [Harry] Budd informing Sarah of the status of her family. Outgoing letters are addressed to Sarah's mother and discuss family affairs from 1853 to 1855.
Includes:
New York, 1805, "our markets are on the decline…when we are in cash will remit to Jl Waln as before…;"
from Richard in Philadelphia, November 17, 1804, business instructions, "it is by no means safe to lay in rye at 3/ Cent…potatoes will be in demand in the Spring…;"
from Richard in Philadelphia, December 17, 1793, with "truce between Algiers and Portugal … Great Britain [will probably] cramp our trade … at all events it will be safe for us to do but little Business for the present …;"
from William Hartshore, November 178[1], " … I am very sorry to hear that Polly still continues ill with fever--I have no pretentions to knowledge in Physic, and therefore don’t mean to prescribe, but having by me a Paper of Dr. James’ powder, I will sent it, and you may consult your doctor about the propriety of using it …;"
from William Hillyer & Co., New York, to Nicholas Waln, Walnford, June 28, 1805, "This day we complete the sales of you Indian meal at five dollars per [barrel] …;"
from Richard Waln, Philadelphia, November 17, 1804, "Rye flour--better let it go … potatoes will be in demand in spring …," and information regarding prices of flour, rye, corn, pork lard, plaister, etc.;
from Jacob Waln, Philadelphia, March 28, 1803, "The rye meal is all sold … the corn meal I shall keep as thee requests …," and quotes prices for pork, lard, sup flour and wheat;
from John P. Ryers [brother-in-law], New York, April 14, 1802, "We have given order to [Brother] Jacob to you … I expect to be at Walnford in a week from this," and quotes sup flour, rye, [Indian] meal, corn, wheat, pork, hamm [sic] lard, and plaister.
Includes:
On account of Nicholas Waln, sale by William Hillyer, sold Indian meal, New York, May 6 1808, "We have for a long time past had bad time to sell country produce and we don't yet see a prospect of the embargo being soon raised we can however, sell a few barrels good yellow corn meal," and quotes prices for rye flour, supfine [mess] pork prime, hams and lard;
from Smith and Nevius, New York, 1809 (late Hillyer & Co.);
from Smith and Nevius, New York, November 30, 1811, "Have received from you by way of Brunswick and Amboy one hundred and seventy seven [barrels] of rye and Indian 52 [barrels] of which is sold ... pork put up for our market must be different from Philadelphia and repacked and sorted by the inspector and 1/2 [bushel] new salt added to the [barrel] …;"
from Ridgeway & Smith, Philadelphia, August 23, 1815, “We have received some of your rye flour and corn meal part of the latter is condemn'd in consequence of it being coarse ground and not well [bolted?];"
and from Jacob and Thomas Ridgway, Philadelphia, April 8, 1817, "flour … nine pounds of which belongs to Dr. Lawrence," [name appears on Atlas for impoundment of mill to the east of Walnford].
Includes:
from Smith & Nevius, February 7, 1811, regarding "Indian Meal …the demand now is not so good as it was days since as many [illegible] hurrying off their bushels before non-importation act should go into effect;"
from Smith & Nevius, New York, August 24, 1812, "Your [hogsheads] of Indian Meal are yet on hand and no opportunity has offered to sell them to any advantage since the Embargo. [Barrels] have been much the most saleable …;"
from Charles Collins, December 8, 1813 (Collins appears on "to whom sold" from Smith & Nevius, August 1814), he refuses to by flour from slave labor, "abatement paid … for 3 [barrels] rye flour [which] proved wormy;"
and from Jacob and Thomas Ridgway, Philadelphia, November 7, 1817, "Dear brother … [one thinks Liverpool Port] will remain open for the importation of flour, others are not so sanguine …an agent for Waln or a partner?"
Includes:
from William Homes & Co., Kensington, September 15, 1838, "per the sloop this trip you will have the Balance of your order for which we are greatly obliged. You will pardon us in asking Balance on Tuesday next the 18th on that day our engagements are more than we can well manage for our compliance will be a great favour and shall take off 3 months interest ... Your future orders shall have our very best attention. One of our firm will call upon you on the day mentioned," order from June 19 to September 15, including cartage consisted of: small castings (66 pounds, all at 4 cents per pound), 2 flanges (1485 pounds), 3 flanges (2253 pounds), segments (566 pounds), 2 pinions and 3 arms (526 pounds), 2 pinions (350 pounds), 1 segment, (112 pounds), 1 arm (62 pounds), shaft (4671 pounds), 1 segment (115 pounds), 1 segment (111 pounds), wheel (2352 pounds), and large rack (27 pounds) totaling $559.05;
from J. W. Ryers to Nicholas Waln, April 17, 1826, "Dear Uncle … By Captain Barns from whom I have received seventy five hams, thirty kegs of lard and eight [barrels] corn meal … I have found my new situation on the wharf will give me preference in sales for Boston and New York, as the packets lying in front of my store, and they can roll onboard and save porterage, as the owners are often obliged to buy corn meal and rye flour when they cannot obtain full freights to fill their packets, rather than let them go half loaded, as they sail on 4th and 7th of every week;"
and other business correspondence with Joseph Ryers, through 1834, also with Jacob S. Waln through 1839.
Includes:
from John P. Ryers [agent for Nicholas Waln], New York, shipments from November 27, 1800 to March 25, 1801;
account with Jacob Waln, May 12, 1800 to January 1801, "To 8 bushels dirty salt and hauling," June 24, 1800;
receipt for a "rye rolling screen for $39.15, including cartage, and meal wire” at 2.11 [from W & D] Sellers, January 17, 1801;
receipt for "binding two servants and paid for 2 German servants," November 24, 1801;
debit and credit for "sales of 313 [barrels] and 23 [hogsheads] in meal for account and risk of Mr. Nicholas Waln by John P. Ryers," and flax seed and hams, August 17, 1801;
and from Jacob Waln, "in account for" $6343.16, in balance, 1803.
Includes:
agreement with Aaron Cole, March 21, 1815, in which it is stated,
"Know all Men by these present that Nicholas Waln has agreed with Aaron Cole to Farm his Place to the Shares that said Aaron Cole is to have one third of the grain, the Pork, the Dairy, the Poultry, the Apples and the Stock raised on the Farm, except the Sheep, within the year he lives on it, and the said Aaron is to Plant the Mill field with Corn and to fallow the field next to Jobs and to drain the water of[f] in the best Manner bouth [sic] with Plow and Spade as may be best to leave it in good order for grass ... to keep up all the fences in good order, to take Care of all the Creatures, not let them to do mischief, to keep all the Cattle in the Barn yard to as to make all the Manure every way Posible [sic] and to Put all the Manure he can on the fallow ... to scrape up About ... not to suffer hay or wood or manure of[f] the farm and not to cut any wood, but such as N. Waln shews for to cut and to have all the work done in the proper or wright [sic] season in a farmer like manner as the said N. Waln and the said Aaron Cole shall think best ... and the said Aaron Cole is to deliver to the said N. Waln two thirds of the Produce of the said Farm in good Merchantable order ... and to thresh out the grain when the parties shall think best and to make the best of the apples - and what Poultry or produce they may want to send to market. Aaron is to take it and N. Waln is to be his share of the expense and the said Aaron is to mow the meadow next to the [dead?] Creek and to draw up the hay and fodder it in the barn yard and to produce fodder for the creature[s] he may have on the [word omitted] and to leave as much hay and as good as he may make use of this spring ... and to leave the property in good order at he Expiration of the year ... except the said N. Waln and Aaron should agree further it is understood that if a [fresh?] should come and Dammage [sic] the hay or grain the loss is to be in proportion to their respective shares ... and the said Aaron is to have the colts of his mare, he allowing N. Waln to keep the stock equivilent [sic] in balance ... and the said N. Waln and the said Aaron Cole agree not to let any of the Produce of the said farm be mow'd or disturbed untill [sic] it is divided and in the presence of bouth [sic] parties and not any amount otherwise and the said N. Waln is to be at two thirds the expense except the manual labor and Aaron Cole one third, that is to say of all the grain seed of all kinds ... Blacksmith bill, taxes, etc. ... and the grain fields are to be sown with grass seed ... Aaron is to find one third of the swine this spring and to take good care of the Farm to keep out all trash or foul seed briars and N. Waln is to send assistance to pull up Mayweed or trash in season or after rain. Witness our hand this 3 Month 21, 1815," signed by [2 witnesses], Nicholas Waln and Aaron Cole's mark;
from Aaron Cole, 1815, blacksmith bill for sharpening shares, and "coulter" of £19/6/1, paid for in part with cash, and with rye;
and other bills, including bills from Jacob and Thomas Ridgway.
Farm Account Book includes:
1786 "Account of Clover Seed sold Walnford January 14, 1786," includes Aaron Robins, John Imlay, Deborah Woodward, Samuel Rogers, and George Woodward;
"An account of flour barrels, 1799," includes Robert [Jemison], Abraham Shrop, Stephen Price, Duchall Mullhollan (over 300 [barrels]), Samuel Gaskill, and Andrew Forman, “"Note there is 131 barrels in the [...]ke house and 111 in the house next to the Press Shop;"
"Richard Bucklew had 23 pounds pork ... brought 50 cedar rails;"
"Hired Clayton Parker for 1 month at 60 per month, the wages began the 9th month, the 30th, 1799;"
"Hired Joseph Adams for 1 month at 50 per month," his charge includes, "to damage done the horse and stay one day longer than he ought to, 1/0/0/;"
bargained with Joseph James, June 3, 1799, for 200 bushels of two years old corn at 3/9 ... 200 [Bushels] rye at 4/6 to be paid six months hence;
bargained with Abel Kirby, June 3, 1799, for seven hundred bushels of corn at 3/9 to be paid for in six months;
bargained with David Meirs and Appollo Meirs for about 400 bushels of corn at 3/9 to be paid for in six months, "they sent a lad to let me know that he had concluded to let me have it;"
hired Joseph Johnston for six months at 60 per month beginning "28th of the 5th month 1799;"
hired John Havens, [1799], for one month for eight dollars, 50 cents ... he is to pay for washing and mending ... his wage began the 8 month, the 6th, at noon;"
Negro Silas has an account from "6 month, 19, 1799, which is settled the 19th day of the 8th month with Silas due 13/3/. He mow, carded and reaps. Mowing is a 4/ a day, cradling at 7/6 and reaping at 5;"
hired John Havens for 1 month at 60/ and "to wash him 4 shirts ... 4 month, 4, 1799;"
"Month 6 1799 ... sod 1 bush of flax seed in the far orchard the old padre [sic] from the pond field to the peach tree ... put 5 bushls of dirty salt and next to the y young orchard sow'd two rows of apple tree with palaster three rows between the sat [sic] and plaister withou an thin [sic];"
sows 1 bush of barley at John Hankins and 3/4 oats;
"hired James Anderson for one year at £40 per year ... his wages began the 3 month 1800 …;"
Other people who worked various days in 1800 include John Job, John Robins, Richard [Maggan], William Thorn, James Ager, and Adam Morris;
“Negro Silas” worked first 3 months in 1800, his debits were mostly pork and rye flour;
in 1800, David La Ball was noted as “over paid,” Negro Peter also is charged for pork, salt and a sheep skin against his wages (9 pence at the end of 2 months), another page without a year gives an accounting of his work from September through December which included "ploughing in seed" in September;
[in 1800], Empson Hamilton works for 2 months, from June to August;
[in 1800], Isaac Jobs mows and hauls hay and cradles in June and July and John Jobs reaps for one day in May;
in 1800 Duchall Mulhollan Dr. (rye and pork];
in 1806 the expense for Harvest is listed as: David Miller: 8/6, William Foster: /10/, John Havens: 2/6, John Rain: 1/7/6, David Woodward: 5/0, and John Warren: 7/6. Peter James began to work 4th month at noon at the rate of 60 dollars per month for 9 months;
diary 1806, replanted corn the 4th to 7th of the 6 month, the third planting, the "worms eat’d it twice …;"
1807, “Nathan Cadwalader came the 1 month, the 12th, he is to pay 11/3 per week for his bord 6 day all to one meal and to have 1/10/1/2 for making firkins, 3/6 for park barrels, and 1/3 for flour casks to work the stuff carefully and to the best advantage," (after six weeks, he came out ahead by £3), his pay included filling the ice house and his only debt, other than board, was for 1/2 pound of wool.
This volume begins with "Richard Waln's book" in 1759, his accounts for Barbados in 1759 and includes the account of his brother, Robert Waln, a merchant. It continues in Waln's hand until 1761. Accounts are recorded again from 1870 to 1887, probably by Sarah Waln Hendrickson, granddaughter of Richard Waln.
1752 January 21: "Richard Waln's book," looks like a school book, with "numeration," "pence Table," "Avoir dupoise Weight," etc. An example is: "If 1 pound of Indigo cost sh 7.4, what is the worth of 6 boxes weighing as follows: [plus fare at 8 1/2 per box, etc.," which is indicative of the complications of computing in lbs and £.
1870: "Edward Carroll come at noon to two months at $19.00 a month;" Thomas Carroll gets drunk with some regularity: "September 23 went in the morning staid all day drunk this afternoon at the still took apples," drunk again in December: “was drunk broke two pitchers and a dish;” at various times, William Murphy and John Spence work; "agreed with Sinclair and Eldridge to do the mason work of a tenant house at Miery run Hill for $65.00;" March 17, 1870, Elias Rogers and his men carpenters build the house; October 14 “Mill stopped ... November 5, paid Frank Burk $33.56 for repairing the mill;" "Henrieta Inmann came here May 23 1870 and sister Laura Sunday evening, Ellen Black to work."
1871: Is paying Patrick Carroll and Thomas Carroll and John Dumphy letter from April through August; March, "Patrick Carroll under draining in pond field;" Thomas Carroll gets drunk at Bordentown in April; January, Ellen Blank leaves; February, Mary Moran comes in evening, leaves in April; May, Lissie Kelly comes to work; July 13, Ellen Nash come to work at $2.25 per week (evenings); August 1871, "[Annine] Inman, a child of 7 years, came here to live until she was 18 years at the request of her mother, also her sister Laura who is two years older and who has been here more than a year is to stay until 18 years of age. The Mother who was the surviving parent requested before her death I should take the two older, a girl and boy, but the grandfather did not choose to let them come. The mother died the 6th of September and was buried the 10th;" pays Edward Mitchel (Miller).
1872: [January], Sarah Mulvenna came to work, left March; for year, Thomas Carroll's account includes food, but also rum and whiskey (there is also a Patrick Carroll account); June, is hiring extra help for the harvest: Patrick Donovan works 3 days, pays Michael Carson, a boy 14 years of age, for $10.00 a month (leaves in December); July, paid 3 men for harvesting, "Levi Southard moved in the house down the road to pay $5.00 a month until spring as it was too late for a garden;" July and August, 3 days, a team with 2 or 3 men carting 122 loads of gravel [destination unknown]; November and December, Tom Mulvenna is working, pays John Grant for stone for dam and cement, and is paying blacksmith and wheelright.
1873: "Julia Skillman, a girl from Manchester;" a lot of work at the dam, "making a dirt dam;" January to August, John Dumphey works; April, July and August, Tom Mulvenna works; [Michael] Horn’s account includes days worked; "April 1, Michael Horn moved in the house at saw mill;" Thomas Carroll's account includes tobacco and calico, on "March 2 looked over the account, lost 2 and half month in year which left $42.47 for fire wood, house, cows, etc., for the year;" resulting in [Sarah Waln] loaning him $50.00 on March 25, Thomas Carroll got drunk a number of times in April; September 5, "John Meirs sent two teams to haul stone from M. Nash's [paid $26 for 21 loads] ... had two men mending road in front of the door."
1874: January, Thomas Carrol account included tobacco, pork, muslin, shoes, "a coat in Philadelphia," cabbage and potatoes, "to cash at Trenton and got drunk," drunk again in June, in December, "I was away to weeks drunk most of the time…;” Patrick Carroll and John Marten work, off and on; January to June and June to December, Michael Horne's hours given; June and July, pays $71 and $54 for mowing; Is buying cement; Henry Reed's account for February to August lists all expenses, but no hours; buys a bull; September, buys "110 chestnut pailings," cedar siding, pine boards, and pailing; November, pays masons $2.00 for 7.5 days; cow for R…calved, “long heifer” calved.
1875: Henry Reed's account, lists a lot of expenses but only 19.5 days worked, and does not mention the date of his leaving; Tomas Carrol’s account lists expenses (presumably for Carroll) including tobacco, 1/2 [bushel] of seed potatoes, pease and onion sets, groceries, pants and vest, shirts, and shoes from May to November, drunk in April and May, from one day til three; April to December, Marten Carroll, "lame man," works at $10.00, in November "got so drunk had to pay a man to drive" him, November 24, "was drunk again;" sells a cow and a calf.
1876: "Thomas Carroll died February 28, 1876, a little before four o’clock in the morning and was buried at Bordentown March 3rd, being Ash Wednesday;" bought cow, calf, and bull.
1877: Michael Horne works in April and May; "Charles Allen moved in the house with Nancy Carroll the 19th of July 1877 to have two rooms and to pay three dollars a month."
1878: Michael Horne has a mill bill of $17.07; records of 3 cows calving; April, "Aaron Grooms fired up the wood shed" and does other work; R. Brewer Hunt is working; [Waln] pays J. Howard at the mill with regularity; before July, "Walter Jones come to work one month at $12.00;" May, "John Robbins, carpenter," worked through July at least; June 21, "paid Augustus Byard for laying the foundation for the carriage house and stable ($5.00), "got 10 bus lime" ($5.00), 1700 brick ($7.00 per thousand for a total of $11.90), and had the stone for below the ground and the corner stones;" October, paid J. Howard mill bill ($11.29); “Sarah Mulvenna moved in the house below November 1878 and we carted four loads of manure from Peter [Brewers] house where he lived giving a dollar a load rent $30.00 a year."
1879: March 25, John Wilson come to work.
1880: March 7th, Patrick Horn come to work for $150.00 a year; March 16, John Mulvenna come to work for $4.00 per month; March, "Samuel Lawrence come to work carpentering at $14.00 per month, left owing me $1.30 and made several articles pie board knife box with my material without my knowledge—a strong Methodist;" [April], buys 12 pieces of wallpaper and border for $1.20; May, "Frank Herbert comes to work at 50 [cents] a day;" June, gets William Herbert to "mow the creek meadows and trim them up clean" for $15; Patrick Carroll helps in the harvest for $18.50, puts 200 pounds of potatoes in cellar, and kills 20 pigs for a total weight of 2449 pounds, for $169.38; September, Frank Herbert account includes thrashing and helping to kill hogs; October 20, William Johnson come to work for two months at $8.00 per month.
1881: "John Mulhenna from Ireland this spring;" April, sells 10 lambs at $5.00 and 2 ewes at $11.50 (sells more sheep and lambs later in the year); April 21, "hired John Wilson for one year at $150;" May, Patrick Carroll spends 2 days threshing and 11 days ditching, kills 21 hogs, sold 17, weighing 5475, $5.87, 1/2 for $321.64; June, "Bought mowing machine Heightown, a reaper;” August, John Wilson is carting gravel; bought 3 cows with calves.
1882: Sells 7 hogs (2527 pounds at 8 per pound, $212.16); April 1, John Mulhenna leaves; April, "Joseph Steward moved into the house over the bridge ... is to work for 76 cents per day when he is wanted …;" June, William [Hulse] from shore worked in hay at $1.50 per day, works from April 1, leaving on January 31, 1884.
1883: April 2, Bought a place at Yardville Mercer County and paid $6,220, Henry Waln moved there March 26, 1883; Nancy Carroll hit Henry Waln with a gravy rag around the neck then a fuss—she left; [Sarah Mulvenna] "left owing a year’s rent" (which is put as an expense of $40.00); July, William Johnston hired for a month; July, rented Mrs. Cope part of the brick house for $3.50 a month; November, Charles Miller moved in the part of the brick house – rent four dollars a month and he agreed to paint all the building except the cow house for $100.00; 6 hogs sold for $75; John Wilson….
1884: Is buying heifers and calves; February, “Sent two teams for rails, brought 100 rails and Tom got drunk; March 31, “Henry Johnson moved in the house by saw mill work for 75 per day…left August 5 morning 4th come back could not get a place;” May, "Isaac from Lewistown come to work at $20.00 a month, worked one month, paid over his dues, and he left none too soon;” June and July, Gilbert Horner worked; July, "Henry Massy to work one month for $20.00;" June to August, “William Swain & son, carpenters, worked; Pat Carroll helped plant corn 2.5 days; November 29, "Hannah Cope came to live with me," $1.50 per week (she leaves in March 1886); November, Mill bill is $1732; December, "Albert Smith comes home with Willie and I."
1885: February, "A.P. Smith…a scamp that lived at JR Waln ... they praised him, but he is a fraud," (following several records of his borrowing money); March, "John Backer, a Dutchman, came to work, give him $9.00 for a month;" April, "settled and paid all Swains he left the house by saw mill," and Patrick Carroll mowing; May, "hired William Wilson for four months at 12 per month… Went to creamery but the horse upset the wagon, broke the shaft, spilt some 150 pounds milk;" June, [for one John Bechart] "had mule to Trenton get child Christend;" June, buys 2000 cedar siding and 30 pieces pine railing, then 429 foot inch cedar boards, 126 2 inch cedar planks, and 500 foot square pickets 4 foot long; August, buys 1327 foot pine planks, and there is a lot of work at the dam with mason; November, hired John Wilson for $8 per month.
1886: February, "John Beckard moved away while I had gone to Trenton" (she has his house rented for ten and half months as an expense); March 5, Cope leaves; March, "Left," (possibly John Wilson); March 16, "John Mulvenna moved in house by [S] mill” and starts work on the 22; May, "had the mules for Pat Carrols child buried," buys 10 sweet potato sprouts, and digs potatoes in September; April 12, hires Robert [Southard] to come for a month at $12.00, hired "Jim [McCloe] to hassack [sic] and Ditch the creek meadows ... grub ... the bushes nicely for $15.00;" sold 15 hogs in Trenton for 5 cents per pound ($184.05); June, “H.H. Waln brought [William] to work at $12 a month ... he left before month was up;” July 3, hired Aaron Higgins for $1.00 a day for harvest, paid him a little more than was due him and much more than he was worth;” William Lawrence cut up corn (he worked off and on until 1887). 1887: July, [Patrick Carrol] "paid me for house rent 2 dollars …not paid house rent for years;" "…51 pounds butter from creamery, $10.20;" August, is paying William Lawrence 50 cents per day; sold 14 hogs in Trenton at 6 cents per pound ($232.56); paying "Jim" and "Dick."
1888: January, sold 35 hogs (2304 pounds at 7 cents for $861.28); buying stove coal and cough drops; June 23, Elmer Grooms has worked 4 weeks making fence and one week in hauling hay.
1889: Sold a pig, dressed, 176 pounds for $112.46.
The beginning of the volumes states, "Philadelphia, 14 May 1762, Invoice of merchandize ship'd by Jacob Shoemaker jun William Pearson and Richard Waln jun on board the Brig Rebecah, Jona Wood, Mr. to Barbados on account ..." There are also invoices of items shipped by Shoemaker & Waln and by Richard Waln on board the Brig Elizabeth to Jamaica and Barbados through 1770. Goods received at Walnford are recorded and entries include the dates, number of hogs, weight, price, of whom received, when paid or barreled, and amount paid.
Nothing is noted between 1775 and 1799, then notes continue at a lesser rate, most from "farm." For example: (121 hogs) from A[pollo] Woodward. Still noted through 1838, though mostly "farm" after 1804. Some from Aaron Cole, 1819-1930.
The 1797 portion includes information regarding grains and entries contain the date, of whom bought, and wheat and rye prices. Names included in this portion are George Woodward, Apollo Woodward, Peter Emley, [John or Jonathan] Ridgway, Joab [sic] Kirby, "Farm," and various Hendricksons, including Tobias, Jacob and Gilbert. In 1799, wheat is dropped and corn is added. The "Tole" is paid with regularity.
In 1819, "grain not paid for" on May 12, 1819, and in 1822, the items invoiced are wheat, rye and corn. A note pinned to a page discusses packing hams from 1833 to 1836. Although this volume dates to 1839, there is little after 1833. Included are notations regarding the "farm" in 1837, three for Anthony Woodward in 1839, and the "lower end School House field blue stem ... wheat" in 1840.
Miscellaneous accounts includes:
Nicholas Waln to Samuel Steward, charges for blacksmithing, mending a fire tong, shoeing horses, and plow shares in the summer, 1825 to March 1831.
Samuel Steward to Nicholas Waln, bran and flour, 1825-1 month 1829.
Richard Waln to Isaac Cathrall, coopering (hoops, bread barrels, etc.), but also "pickling 17 [barrels] of pork," 1767-1768.
Christopher Shuff to R. Waln, charges for coppering balanced by port, shorts, and occasional cash, 1786.
"List of debts, February 16, 1771," of R. Waln, totaling £275428.
Richard Waln to Harding [Murrel], charges for blacksmithing (wedges, nails, sharpening picks, no farm equipment as such), balanced (in part) by charges for steel, iron and flour, September 4, 1786.
Richard Waln in account with Joseph Borden, ["frt up" wheat, "bedstead," salt, lime, screen wires, etc., "frt down," flour, "ships stuff"], balanced in small part with shorts, "The ballence [sic] £145/19/10, less £87/19/0 will be very agreeable to me, as every lock [sic] of hay and grain costs money, Yours, JB," April 1778-February 1784.
"Sales of Merchandize received and sold up on account of Mr. Nicholas Waln," totals $3607.92, less cooperage, etc. and commission of $89.95, for a net of $3497.73, November 1802. On reverse is a balance of debt against this Nicholas Waln credit which includes: 3, 5, and 20 tons of plaister of paris at $9.50, and inspection of corn meal and pork, etc.
The Wastebook dating from 1774 to 1775 begins "Walnford, June 6, 1774" and includes Joseph Smith, [owed] to Team, 2 day halling [sic] the 30 and 31st May at 16/1/2/0, cash paid him after allowing for shoeing sorrel, /3/4; cash [owed] to Mill for 1.5 [bushels] shorts and 1.5 [bushels] of corn; cash [owed] to Saw Mill for 185 feet plank; and Peter Imlay Miller, [owed] to Mill for paid midlings per order to Lawrence Tylor.
The following names appear often as "'X' [owed] to Mill for ...:" Levi Lloyd, Christ'r Curtis, Samuel Wright, Ralph Wallen, John Wetherill, Jr., Negro Spence, William Imlay, Jacob Shoemaker, Richard Britton, Appollo Woodward, Charles Vandyke, and Anthony Woodward. The following names appear as "'X' [owed] to Saw Mill for ...:" Jesse Woodward and Alex Montgomery. The following are listed for "Expenses [owed] to 'X' for:" Sam Wright, Benjamin Yeates, Jacob Roder "for his work," Tobias Coleman, Jr., Jno Grover "for 48 pounds Bacon," to cash p'd Henry Lippincott in full for sundry Mason work, and Christopher Curtis to cash.
1774 September 7: "Expenses at Hay," included Jo. Vanlaw, 7 days of work at 1.1.0 (settled); James, at 41/2.12. 6 (paid); William Smith, .5 day of work at .13.6 (WW); C. Curtis, 3.5 days of work at .1.6; Benjamin Yeates, 3.5 days of work at .10 (WW); and Charles Thorn, 1.5 days of work at 4.6; and the Farm [owed] Samuel Wright .4.0.0 for his Dark Brindle cow.
1774 October: October 4, Christopher Curtis was [owed] for "halling a Load Hay and Scow Hire;" October 22, [Amer] Jackson was charged to cross the Crosswick Creek Bridge.
1774 December: December 2, Lent to Thomas Woodward, 2 [bushels] of wheat; December 6, "Jno Wetherill Jun [owed] Pork account for 3.5 [bushels] of salt, Jacob Hendrickson [owed] the Pork account for 1.5 [bushels] of salt, and Henry Lise [owed] the Pork account for 10 firkins of lard, kegs, 8 pounds of pork, etc. and the Mill for 50 pounds of flour, etc. and 13 Indian meal, etc.; December 19, "bought of Derick [Burkelow] a Black colt, 4 years old next June, for £27 to be pd April next."
1775 January: January 14, Jasper Fowler [owed] the Pork account for 1 [bushel] of salt (paid); January 24, Expense [owed] to Jos. Vandyke for "Building me a Fulling Mill and some repairs to the Grist Mill."
1775 February 11: Theodore Rouse [owed] to the Farm for 9.5 pounds of wool (paid).
1775 March: March 11, hired Negro Sam at 45 per month, not to wash for him; March 22, Elijah Brown [owed] the Pork account for "6 gammons, [weighing] 80 pounds."
1775 May 6: Sent 13 pounds of flour to Jacob Shoemaker.
1775 June: June 4, "Shop" appears, Shop [owed] to cash for 3 Browns Russia sheeting, 2 dozen Westons Snuff, 14 hogstail snuff, 8.25 plug snuff, 2 dozen pinch beck stock buckles, 1 dozen sweeping brushes, sundries paid to James & Drinker, William Craig, Uriah Woolman, John Kaighn, and Samuel Rodgers, etc.; "female" items such as bobbins and thread, lawn, cambrick, women's gloves, etc.; Rich James, 7.75 butter and 1 spelling book; June 13-14, Anthony Woodward, Jr., 30 gallons of rum, 1 scythe, and other things, Joseph Taylor, 9.5 gallons rum and 2 scythes.
In the back of the book is invoices for lard by number of keg and weight thereof, an account of lumber (jack pine, half price, inch cedar, 3/4 cedar), and the pork account which includes information such as date, "hoggs," weight, of whom received, when and by whom paid, and amount paid. The very last page lists expenses possibly for the mill in 1774 which includes information regarding large number of flour casks, bread barrels and flour barrels.
The "Rough Ledgers" are contained within two books which run from one to the other. There are similar accounts as well as continuation of accounts.
1790: "Negro Peter" works at plowing, reaping, digging and just "days."
1791: Long account for Samuel Gaskill, which includes flour casks, 35 half barrels, 2752 barrels and sundries; Joshua Gibbs' account, paying rent for 6 months, working for 7 months, killing hogs, "ferryage" and other work not described; Miller Duffey, hired, commending 5 month 1791(cow pasture to be deducted), figures noted through 3 month 1793, but there is not reckoning; "Negro Peter" still working; "Black Charley" is paid for killing beef and hogs; Samuel Lloyd works for 3.5 months and 4 days at harvest; Auth White works for 6 months, and Thomas McKean hired "for 5 months at 5 for the 5 months."
1792: "hired William at 40/ for 1 month ...." 5 month; "Negro Peter" still working.
1794: Samuel Gaskill, mostly flour, shorts, plaister, cash, but also 1 years rent for April 1794; "Negro Peter" still working; Auth T. White had wages and expenses that were equal; hired Jo Emmen for half a month at 11/3, commencing 27th, 12th month, 1794; Hired Jno Johnson for half a month for 22/6, commencing 22nd, 12th month, 1794; Sarah Earl came on the 30th, 11th month, in the evening; Barbary came 4th, 12th month, works a few days and buys a few items; Jos. Canan came 21st, 11th month and account runs until 19th, 3rd month, 1798, pays rent of £9.0.0 for two years, works occasional days.
1795: Samuel Gaskill, built up an account of £265.14.7; "Negro Peter" still working, including harvesting and hay; "Negro Patrick's" wages began on 6th, 4th month, at 60/ per month (£3) to care for "all the Creatures first Days for his House Rent [£2], he has work'd 1 day before;" "Negro Gilbert's" wages began 6th 4th month at 60/ per month for six months except 1 week in harvest; hired Obediah Tyson, "8 months for £20, he engages to be a good Hand at Hay and Harvest, and to work diligently and faithfully to keep regular good hours and in all things to conduct orderly to make use of no bad or unbecoming language, wages commence 19th, 5th month; "account of cooper's tools delive'd out to [kain]," includes "hollow knife, drawing knife, paring knife."
1796: Elias Horner, long account beginning in 4th month 1796, includes wages at £ per month continuing through 3rd month 1798.
1797: "Negro Gilbert" "hast lost 29 days and was discharged ... for total wages due of £64.13.11 with £25.1.0 deducted from his account, "rec'd 22nd, 2nd month 1797, of Richard Waln, £30.12.11 in full (signed); hired Negro Oliver for 60/ a month, began 8 month, had worked 2 or 3 days before; John Kain paying his account in hay; Samuel Ellis account of skins tanned.
1798: Negro Silas begins 8th month, only works a few days a week; an account of flax put out to spin (most of the ladies are paid £10, but no indication of the amount spun.
In addition are several notable items that are undated: a long "plaister of Paris account" with sales to Josiah Woodward, Jacob Hendrickson, David Meirs, etc.; and long accounts for Andrew Moore, running into 1798, consisting of usual items bought by works, but no note of wages (rent is £1.0.0).
In a separate book is contained:
Fulling mill account: 1st page is expenses including "[?] work at 7 dollars moth he received in cash." "half of this expense [£ 11/10/7] carried forward" (the expenses include a lot of soap).
Fulling account follows, including charges to Richard Waln.
"Richard Waln private accounts" starts in June 1797. Includes "myself" reaping rye, shacking [sic] rye, gleaning wheat, etc. which adds up to a shilling a day. Other items are mostly clothing being made, "Mr. Waln Cote mended," "Nicholass pair trouser of Green." Total includes the "half of the expensis [sic] for the 1797 [those listed on the first page], less the damage that I have had to pay" (of £5/14/0 plus £0/12/11) for a total of £7/7/8 for 1797/1798.
"Polley's [?] private account, separate from mine," blankets, pillow cases, bed covers, etc. & mending which adds up to £2/18/1.
"Credit to sundries by my"
Recap of credit (£20/6/1) self [rye, veal, pork lime, clover hay].
"Rent for the Mill for this year 1799: £30/0/0 the one half of the Book for the year 97: £38/2"
"Credit to Sundries of Polley's [Dolleys?] separate from mine" including molasses, beef, port, etc.
Includes boarding "John Burkalas ... 5 days at the fulling mill," and a number of other boarders, "hands," and "boys" for a total of £9/6/6.
This volume includes several items of "General Merchandise [owed] to Richard Waln for 8 [bushels of] shorts at 2/6 and 1.5 of middling at 22/6 for a total of 1/11/3; tobacco sold to "Negro Peter" and "12 [yards] Ficklingburg for £1.0.0; and sales of rum.
Certain accounts have numbers beside them: these are allowed to build up; others are marked "paid." Numbered accounts include: Deborah Woodward, Samuel Wright, Christopher Shuff (who buys a great deal of rum, perhaps an owner of a public house), Joseph Holmes, Isaac Ivins, and "Richard Waln to 'X' or 'Y' for carting." One of the most frequent items is rum, another is molasses. It includes everything from buttons, to tea, to flour and grain, to "Russia sheeting," to bridles, to tobacco, to "Swan skin."
The volume contains no entries from September 1988 to March 1800. In the 11th month of 1800, a note is pinned to the page which states, "Elisah Morris [credited] by Work at the Mill Shaft ...he worked 5 days at the "rooling screne."
In the back of the book is settlement of wages, including John Myer (who "worked for his vituals" [sic] when lame), Peter Holmes, and Negro Silas (who was charged for "ploughing in his garden in my time").
Both Nicholas and Richard's names are on the cover of this book, which includes no "charge accounts," all are marked "paid," because he paid in cash.
1804: 2nd month, "hired Joseph Pregle and his wife for 96 dollars for one year ... their wages began the 12th, 3rd month, if Joseph Pregle and his wife binds their son Daniel born during their servitu'd with me and born the 9th, 12th month, 1801, when he is seven or eight years old, then I have agreed not to charge them for the expense and trouble of keeping him, the said Daniel."
1805: 3rd month, Joseph Pregel's wages began the "21st Inst at noon, settled for 1st years work and their is due him if he complies with 1st years agreement: 17/0/0."
1806: 7th month, paid Job Kirby, overseer of the road, for 7.5 days work with a wagon and 1 hand at 11/3 per day ... 16/10 1/2; an account of 24 loads of apples sent to John Hankins, who later becomes overseer of the road, is still overseer 9th month, 1816; rented to Nathan Cadwalader, the house and garden for twenty dollars per annum ... he moved in the 25th, 2nd month ... "he is to take in nobody but his own family."
1807: 8th month, "settled with Nathan Cadwalader for making 102 flour barrels and 4 days work dressing shingles and paid the ballance in full ...1/1/0;" settled regularly with Nathan Cadwalader for cooperage work; 12th month, cash paid David Ridgway for go in after John Grolzinger and Jacob Sommer, two indentured servant who ran away in October; James Ridders; travel and expense for going to Philadelphia; advertising.
1808: 4th month, 20, "settled this day with Joseph Pregle and is due him his wages began the 27th instant at noon at one hundred dollars per annum ... five pound for rent."
1809: March 18, settled with Nathan Cadwalader, including "1 year rent due" of 7/10/0.
1810: 5th month, 22, "settled this day with Joseph Pregle and paid him, he is to work from the 5th month 23 to the first of 4th month next at the rate of 100 dollars per annum and pay 5 pounds for house rent; settles with Peter Hendrickson for his rent.
1812: 10th month, owes Cadwalader 14/0/0 "past due" but settles up 24th, 11th month;
1814: 3rd month, "settled with Nathan Cadwalader for 10 barrels and paid him 1/10/ ... the rent is paid"
Charges to others are mostly for wheat and rye, but some pork and some occasional skins and wool. Most notations are for one or two items for an individual. By 1818, there are no accounts, just "paid."
In the back, there is a reckoning for Joseph Pregle (rent, house debit expenses including a spelling book and "cash paid for schooling Daniel and a reckoning for Peter Holmes.
In 1785, purchases for food include butter, eggs, tea ("soushang" and bohea), rum, sugar cheese, molasses, ginger, chocolate, oysters, wheat rye and corn. Other purchases include 108 feet pine planks, 1000 feet cedar board, 210 feet "half pine," "rails," 40 feet pine board, 50 feet half pine board, 112 feet top plank, and 4 board wood. One half an ounce of indigo was purchased as well as linen and muslin. For upkeep of the home and mills, rakes, a saw mill file and spades were purchases. There was also a payment of "cash to Bullock for trees," costing 3/15/0.
In 1786, purchases for food include 200 clams, allspice, nutmeg and pepper. Also purchases were dye and 450 board feet for the barn and fulling mill. Sundries for "Negro Betty" are recorded.
In 1787, bottle mustard was purchased on two occasions. Large quantities of fabric and buttons were also purchased.
In 1788, purchases were mostly fabric, buckles, etc.
Carding book, listing, in a very shaky hand, mostly men, but some women (entries include date, name, number on page, bunch [from 1 to 3], cloth, wood, paid [not always], and amount of money), 1839 June-September
[Cash book], circa 1804-1805:
Jonathan Paul began 4th month, 1804 at 15/ per week.
Peter worked.
Dennis began to make barrels the 2nd month, [1804] at 1/3 each and to pay 11/3 per week for his board.
Plaister bought for 1805 (from 1 to 12 for 1/2 barrel).
Cooper Shop staves: white oak stuff, butt stuff, barrel staves, etc.
Joseph Pregle's accounts, 1804-1805, includes Christmas in "lost days."
Accounts with employees Negro Peter, George Wood (working the 4th month of 1804) and Peter Holes (working 22nd of 10th month of 1804 through one half of the 5th day of the 4th month of 1805).
John Robbins worked at the mill and smoked hams during the 5th month of [1804].
Peter Hendrickson worked for 3 years, six months and 11 days for £363.60, with one charge against him being "62 1/2" "to jack 1/2 day to plough his garden."
[Cash book], circa 1819-1825:
1819: Account for Jacob Metzger, containing the usual kind of charges for a tenant/worker, "Jacob left my work nine days, as above when my grass was suffering very much," 16th, 7th month; account for John Huggins begins 4th month; Joseph Lukens began to work at one hundred dollars per annum; Joseph Lucas is charged for "cloth and trimmings for trousers bought of James Pancost;" R. Waln pays Joseph Lucas 40 cents for "a horse to ride" on several occasions; Robert [Beckham] began to board the 9th, 9th month at 2 dollars and to have 18 cents per [illegible] for making flour barrels; Peter Hendrickson (credit and debit account with days worked, etc.) and is charged for Jack ploughing his garden for 1/2 day for 62 or 62.5 cents; Edward Robins works at 60 cents a day.
1820: Jacob Metzger employed; Joseph Lucas to get his first day closes washed and mended, 28th, 2nd month; Peter Hendrickson employed; James Handlin [owed] money; George Jacobs began to work at 8 dollars per month for 10 months "and 1 pair of shoes began 25th, 2nd month (work included helping Aaron Cole plant corn in May); Joseph Allen pays board of 1/50 per week and makes barrels at 15 cents a piece.
1821: Jacob Metzger employed; Joseph Lucas pays house rent and "his cow to pasture;" Peter Hendrickson employed; James Handlin owed Nicholas Waln nine dollars fifty three cents for last years rent (signed by James Handlin and Joseph Waln).
1822: Peter Hendrickson and James Handlin employed.
1823: Peter Hendrickson employed and pays 17.5 yards of cloth at 2.24 per yard and pays .62 1/2 for making his trousers and findings, linen thread and buttons, and pays David [Shingletown] for "his boots 4.00/ to a pair laced boot made by James Handlin ornametted" [sic] 1.28]; Jack Rainer began to work at six dollars per month for nine months, 4th, 9th month last, "he whent [sic] to camp meeting and lef [sic] my hay out and ... used the chaise without leave."
1824: Peter Hendrickson employed and charged in August for "cash paid S. Black for schooling."
1825: Peter Hendrickson employed; Jack Rainier has a debit account, but no notation of times worked.
This note book begins at Joseph Waln's school book in 1779, but has records in several different hands. There is an odd sheet listing 8 gall, 6 gall, 3, gall, 5 gall, 1 gall potts; fish kettle; other kettles from 10 gals to 1 quart; Dutch pots; large ovens; small ovens; large spiders; small spiders; small skillets; tea kettles; mortars; and "basons." There is a number listed for each. Running down the page are dates and names of purchasers. This looks like an inventory of iron items, with purchasers, including Richard Waln, checked off ... also cash. Perhaps those listed by name are charged and others are cash payments.
1775 September: bill notation for such items as: Dr. Antoney [sic] Woodward for full & Dressing 18 yd. of bearskin at 6 d.; Dr. Ralph Allen to Dying 7 yd at 6d.; Dr. Abraham Chapman ... to scouring dying & pressing 14 yards stuff. Notations continue through June of 1776. Last is one for "James Drinker Mercht in Philadelphia to discharging 79 yds black cloths & dying ym brown for a total of £11/17/0."
Although the assigning of the mill to Richard Waln occurred in 1776, in the "paid" notations on the opposite page, cash is being paid to Richard Waln, or "charged in Acc. with RW" (some notations simply say "paid.") One is paid in 1782 with a bushel of wheat and another is paid in 1785.
At the end of the book, someone nameless began boarding in September of 1775 at 8' per week ... contra charges are only for rum and tobacco.
1776, 1780: A listing of wheat, rye and purchaser, beginning in July 1776, skipping to June 1780. Some are marked "charged," such as William Hutchinson in 1776, and some are marked "paid," such as Negro Spence in 1780.
1776 July 3: "I do hereby assign over to Richd Waln and his Heirs and assigns all the Debts due him and me for Fulling Dying & done at his mill for and in consideration of the sum of seven pounds ten shillings deliverd me in hand, Jn Jessop."
1779: In copperplate hand, "What is Inverse Proportion," "the Golden Rule of Three," "A soldiers weekly pay which is /3/5/ is forborne for 3 years, 9 months and 10 day, what is then due ..."
1824: "Brother Joseph Waln died the 10th day of 9th month of 1824"
1826-1829: Account for John Rainer, includes days "lost," cloth to mend his trousers (25 cents), one quart of spirits, "to cash to pay for making trouser," a lost day to "see and elephant and had seen one before," and other lost days. His outlays include "cash," candles, soles for his shoes, gloves, wheat, pork (not often), wagon and horses, eggs, potatoes, wool, and "to buy grees [sic] for his wool." In 1827, the account includes purchases of a shoulder of bacon, shoes, corn and cheese; "due on settlement last spring ... 2.48." In 1828, a debt of 19.47 is balanced "by work 9 month and 1 day" for $72.30. Therefore, $7.17 was due to Waln and settled. Rainer worked in March 1828 for 11 day and in 1829, he "began the first of 4 month at sixty dollars for one year and 200 pounds of pork and five dollars for his will to have 8 loads of wood, his cow kept and house ...and to take care of what creature may be kept there." His debits included 2 pounds of sweet potato seed and "3 pecks course salt for his hog."
1828: Appears to be an account book for Edward and John Waln (Joseph added)
1830: Lost a day when "he went to husk corn ad left my work"
1831: Lost time with a sprained elbow. Debits include "a string of fish," "cider tub bought in Phila.," a "hog weighting [sic] 129 lbs at 5 1/2 cts a lb.," "wagon and horses one day," and "cash to pay j Darby for his mothers shoes."
1832: Debits include "a piece of velvet to patch his pantaloons," time lost because of rain, a mysterious "cash to go to Jonathan & Ab Coles Trail: 3:00," and the usual quart of spirits or gallons of whisky. Occasionally reaps for someone else.
1833: Lost 2 days going to Toms River. Debits include cash to go to Burlington, oats, rye, corn, potatoes, and his tax (1.61).
1834: Usual pattern. First seven moths, debits are 39.76; continues in upside down part of book. No settlement shown.
1835. Accounts continue. No settlement shown.
1836: Accounts continue. No settlement shown. "Began to thrash 1 mo 4, finished 2 mo 13th, 195 bushels ..."
1837: Account continues to end of pay, March 3, 1837, then the rest of the pages are blank.
Enoch Robins entry 4 mo 1827. Credit includes "3 1/2/4 at making a head block for the upper mill. No entries for Robins from 10 mo 1827 to 1 mo 1829, when "began to work till the first of April next at the rate of seven dollars per month (shortly loses 6 days because of being "lame.")
1829: Enoch Robins is working 2nd and 34d months.
1828 5 mo. Primus began to work at 7 dollars till after husking corn.
[1828] Edward Robins cr by work at the little house.
1829 4 mo. Robert Lucas began seven dollar summer season. Debits include "2 pair of trouser ready made for $1.25. "Corn paid for Bail Bonds for Jos. J. Lucas."
"Hired Abner Cole till the first of December at the rate of eight dollars per month to find his own washing." He began to work the 2nd month, 24, 1820. Loses some time "mowing for Marshall" and going to "husk corn for R. Hendrickson.
Hired John Fowler June for one year at one hundred dollars per year. He "engages to come early be industrious to work for nobody else and to allow Twenty five dollars for the use of the house and garden. He accepted and to leave the rent quarterly in Nicholas Waln hand." His term began the second of April 1832. Debits include corn, vinegar, "cash for his wife to buy bonnet and c 2.00," 2 lb wool, buckwheat, ea, 1/2 cord of wood & hauling from James Lawrences. (Waln settled with Fowler on April 1, 1822, including 1/2 years rent of the 1/2 the house for 6.00. Credit was for 5 mo 10 days work for $44.86. There had been a settling in the fall).
Hired William Emmons for eight dollars per month the summer season. His time began the 4th mo 20, 1832, Good Friday. Debits include "one half years rent of 1/2 the house" $6.00. His credit for 4 months 23.5 days was $39. 23; his debit was $33.40. They settle up the end of September, except for .83 due him, but Emmons stays on.
1833: Emmons is still there. In January, he "loses 8 days, in February 14 days." They settle up again "4th mo." Emmons is due $26.92 for working 3 mo. 9 1/2 days, plus weaving act. of 14.36 and "left unpaid last fall" of .83 against a debit of 52.66 which 1/2 year's rent of 1/2 house for 6.00. However, "there was 10 days work omitted for $3.00 so Emmons paid $6.47 to Waln and signed his mark "this first day of April 1833." "Hired William Emmons for one year at Eighty Dollars and House and Garden and he is not to let anybody but his won family beginning the first of April 1833. Debits include: tea, tobacco, shad. Lost going to goal, 1/2 of 7, 8, 9 [unidentified symbol] 1/2 of 11 [is 10 a Sunday?] I whent [sic] with wagon to Freehold to take him out of goal. Cash paid to get him out of goal $10.34." John Waln ploughed his garden [May 11, at no charge]. By June 24, had worked 2 months, 14 days for 16.92, and had run up a bill of 31.56. Rest of the year proceeds the same.
1834: Emmons is still there. Debits include clams, regular orders of 1/2 gal soap for his wife through the whole period, orders to David Mckean [does not state for what]. Credit includes baskets and bottoming 2 chairs.
1835: Emmons is still there, expenses and "lost" days continue in the same patter. Is paid at various times once for "1 mo 18 1.2 days work for $11.40. He has a credit for 8.50 for weaving 60 1/2 yds and hauling hay.
1836: Settle by paying him 2.33/12 "due since last settlement." Credits include bottoming 7 chairs and baskets for 2.30.
Book is turned around and worked from "back end."
Walnford, July 24, 1780: Begins with account for pots. "Cash Dr. to Atsion co for 1 small skillet /4/0, followed by a number of other skillet and pot payment records, individuals [to Atsion co] and "Cash." Also includes "borrowed of my father."
Peter Hendrickson [brought over] begins May 5, 1826. By April 16, 1827, his debits are 53.89, he owes from previous year 65.4; one years rent in 20, for a total of 138.93, with a credit for 10 1/2 months work of 87.50. Therefore, 51.43 is due to Nicholas Waln. Account continues. He "loses" a fair number of days. A cow and 2 yr. old heifer to pasture [no charge shown.] There is no reckoning until May 5, 1829 when his debits have added up to 166.84 1/2 [including the 51.43 due in 1827]. His credit is fro 379 days work for 121.47; therefore, his balance due is 45.37 1/2.
1829: Marshal Hendrickson is hired for 2 months at 7 dollars a month. Then "Marshal Hendrickson began the first of 4 month at 7 dollar per month all summer" No mention of house buy. There is a charge in June for "jack Ploughd the Garden." It is not clear when he stopped, but "10/6, began to work again." 12th month, "settled with Marshal Hendrickson and there is due to him six dollars twenty five cents." Then begins again January 18 to 31, 1830, then again March 16, "he began to work again." Debits include a palm leaf hat for .50 and a pair of suspenders for .14. He is still running an account in 1831 which is settled even in April, including Dr. "four dollars for working first days."
1831: Noble Clark began to work the 10 month 6th 1831. By the end of April 1832, his account is settled with the payment of 4.00.
With pork account from 1792 to 1797, staves and barrels.
Includes dates, waggoners' (or carters') names, and whether superfine, common midling, stuff, rye or indian. Carters names include "Joseph & Jacob" in 1803, frequently; by 1823, Peter Holmes, Nicholas Bird, Peter Hendrickson, Joseph Lucas, John Bird, Alban Smith, Miles Lucas, Richard Waln, Jos Waln, Richard & Joseph Waln; by 1823, "Father Ridgway"; Richard Waln & Jack, Miles Lucas & Jack, Miles & Marshal and John & Nicholas Waln; by 1827, Francis Ralph; by 1830, Joseph Hahn & Aaron Ford.
In the back of the same book, an account of barrels bought of William Allen at 30c payable the first of April 1824. 60. Invoices of lard in 1807 and 1808, casks of hams in 1799, account of states in 1796, account of pork in 1792-1793 and 1797, and "Farm 68 hogs wg 10184 lbs 50/ 254 10.2.
Upside down in back: Walnford, April 11, 1874. Account with mill. An account of flour barrels bought and hogs heads (of whom, barrels, price, etc.). In 1799, Joseph Waln, Andrew Forman, Duchall (?) Millhollan, Robert McGoll and Nicholas Waln. Goes on through 1810; fewer purchases after 1803.
1874, 75/ charges for feed and flour. Includes Thomas Carroll. Not all are marked paid. Sarah Mulvenna is another. But also S.W.H. and Nicholas Waln, and various Woodwards.
Walnford, October 10, 1881: Charles Fallon is to run the Grist Mill for $20.00 per month to November 12. Grists work: wheat, rye, corn, mfeed (42 bu), oats (22bu) and cob corn (49 bu). Value of grist work the toll: 23.79, 23.19, 29.00, 36.65, 27.85. There is also a "to blacksmithing" account.
The rest of the pages are blank.
Begins December 1773: Across the top of several pages, one has April/May 1774, "Joseph Smith to fee for the Horses" [with no amounts]. Also, an account for cooperage to which is added a memorandum of repair done to the mill in 1852.
Account then skips to September 15, 1851: Inserted on page of 1774 is "1852 Jacob Forten work planting corn and 3 days paid 1.50 5 mo 10 planted potatoes and replanting corn."
Walnford, 2 mo, 22, 1845: "Keepr of the poor house John Taylor brought a little boy for me, aged near 6 years or would be in May the 13th, he came from the poor house his name is Joshua Reckless."
1852: "Lambs had 7 fine lambs, sold the lambs to John Valentine for 3 dollars apiece, took 5 lambs away 6 mo. 15th and paid 15, took all the lambs away but did not pay untill 12 mo 18th in bank 100 dollars that was 75 cents over for interest."
1852: "A memorandum of repairs done to the mill in 1852" (on same page as 1773 cooperage account).
1856: Repaired the saw mill. "got of Frank Gordon 7 co 6 barrels of cement for the mason" (total of $13.50). This account is hard to follow--it is a mix of people paying for rye, etc. in 1858 and includes the accounts of workers paid and debits in 1859, 1861, and 1862.
1852 6 mo 21st: Began to mow the creek meadow. 34 man-days with 4 workers: Arthur Bird, John Tallon, Daniel Carr and John Beaty. 7 mol, Nicholas Waln "sent his waggon man & horses to help haul hay, he halled [sic] 4 loads from the corner lot, our waggon got 5 loads today 7/10 got 2 more from the saw mill lot ..."
1862 6 mo.: "Began to mow the pond Meadows with our own men ..."
Loose page, begins as a continuation of the 1773 to 1774 account: "account of lime and wood" from 1851 to 1859.
1852: Account of mowing cradling, etc. (on back of 1773 account for cooperage).
Samuel Groome has an account with Sarah Waln, which seems to begin 11 mo. 1851. Binds wheat, hauls oats, cuts stalks and husks, kills hogs, and "howing potatoes" [sic]. In 1851, he seems to work for 50 cents a ay for usual items, but killing and cutting hogs pays $1.. a day. Debits include eggs, molasses, flour, vinegar and pork. His son, Aaron, also works.
1855 4 mo.: Samuel Groome account of sawing and other work, $12.31, settled and paid in full (can find no previous accounting). Account continues until January 1867. Another settlement of sorts in December 1862 with "to cash $40--leaving $33.09 due according to his account. Vinegar is a frequent item.
1874: Information regarding milling accounts with listings including name, "feed" or "fine" or "corn," amount of money. Included is corn, wheat, rye, oats corn [sic], and cob corn. Included is a cash account, "cash for 25 pound of find ... 100," etc.
1884: James and Richard are also working by the day.
1886: July 3, hired Aaron Higgins at $1.00 a day for harvest and 75 cents for ploughing; December 6, John Wilson "come to work at noon," hired for a year at $14.50 per month.
1887: January 15, "John Jones, a boy 13 year of age on the 16th, sent here by his mother to live with me as long as I want him (S.W. Hendrickson);" April 4, "Robert Lawrence moved in the frame house on the road to work one year for $150.00 ... house free and cow and pasture; November 8, Robert Lawrence "got his fingers torn with corn sheller."
1888: March, Wililam Lawrence employed (continues until April 1889), "3 under shirt for wife and a dress" for at total coast of $5.01.
This volume includes Samuel Wright, Leoard Robins, Levi Lloyd, goes to May 1, 1775.
Some are "measured in Philadelphia," there is "Bran to Brunswick," "Bran to N. York," " to Ten Eyck, Brunswick," and "shorts to Bordentown Carter's Landing."