Call Number:

MSS 2/030

Repository:

Historical Medical Library of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia

Extent:

12 boxes

Language:

English

Date:

1836-1897 (inclusive)

Creator:

Hartshorne, Henry and University of Pennsylvania. Auxiliary Faculty of Medicine

Form:

Correspondence, Financial records, Lantern slides, Lectures, Lecture notes, Patient records, Research notes, and Speeches (documents)

Abstract:

Henry Hartshorne, Philadelphia physician and educator, was born on 16 March 1823. He was the third child of Joseph Hartshorne (1779-1850), a Philadelphia physician, and Anna Bonsall, and the younger brother of Edward Hartshorne (18181885), another Philadelphia physician. Henry Hartshorne married Mary E. Brown (d.1886) on 8 January 1849; they had a daughter, Anna Cope Hartshorne (1860-1957). Hartshorne died in Tokyo on 10 February 1897.

In 1839, Hartshorne received an A.B. from Haverford College (then Haverford School.) He received his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1845; his thesis was entitled, "Water and hydropathy". Hartshorne received an A.M. in 1860, and the University accorded him an honorary LL.D. in 1884. After completing his M.D., Hartshorne served as Resident Physician at Pennsylvania Hospital from 1846 to 1848. He then opened his medical practice on 22 April 1848. In 1853-1854, he was Professor of the Institutes of Medicine at the Philadelphia College of Medicine. In the following year, he worked in Columbia, Pennsylvania, during a cholera outbreak there. In 1855, he became consulting physician and lecturer in clinical medicine at Philadelphia Hospital. From 1857 to 1858, he lectured on natural history at the Franklin Institute. In 1859, he became Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine at Pennsylvania College in Gettysburg and held this post until war broke out in 1861. During the Civil War, Hartshorne worked at two government hospitals in Philadelphia and volunteered his medical services at Gettysburg.

He also served as Attending Physician and, later, Physician to the Protestant Episcopal Hospital (1859-1862) and to the Magdalen Asylum (1849-1864). He became Professor of Anatomy, Physiology, Hygiene, and Natural History at Central High School, Philadelphia, in 1862. In 1866, he taught hygiene as a member of the newly formed Auxiliary Faculty of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1867, he became Professor of Organic Science and, later, Philosophy, at Haverford College. Also at this time, Hartshorne became Professor of the Diseases of Children at Woman's Medical College; he subsequently became Professor of Physiology and Hygiene and worked for the medical education of women. He left Woman's

Medical College in 1876 to become President of Howland Collegiate School in Union Springs, New York; the school closed in 1878. Hartshorne then returned to Philadelphia and opened the East Germantown Girls' School which closed in 1880.

Henry Hartshorne visited Japan in 1893 and returned in 1895 to work in the Quaker missions in that country. He remained in Japan until his death. He concentrated on the suppression of the opium traffic in Formosa and improved care for the insane.

Henry Hartshorne was elected to fellowship in the College of Physicians of Philadelphia in 1851. He was also a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the Pathological Society of Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania State Medical Society. He was one of the founders of the American Public Health Association in 1872.

From 1873 to 1876 and from 1881 to 1893, he edited the Friends Review. He published poetry, one novel, many articles on the physical and natural sciences, and several medical works, including Essentials of the principles and practice of medicine (1867) and A conspectus of the medical sciences (1869). Hartshorne was also the American Medical Association's Prize Essayist in 1856.

This extensive collection of Henry Hartshorne's papers documents his professional life and activities, concentrating on texts of his lecture courses to students and manuscripts of his published and unpublished writings.

Series 1 consists of sketchy records of Hartshorne's private medical practice which began in 1848. The series contains a journal with a chronological account of his patients from the opening of the office until 20 October 1848. The journal includes financial accounts of expenses incurred in setting up his practice. A statistical record of ailments Hartshorne treated in his practice during 1859 is also included.

Information on Hartshorne's several professional positions and appointments is contained in Series 2. There is one folder of letters (1860-1871), primarily from Philadelphia physicians, attesting to Hartshorne's professional competence and ability. Most of these letters are addressed to the trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. Correspondents include B. Howard Rand, John Bell, D. Francis Condie, Wilson Jewell, Isaac Remington, Robert P. Thomas, Ellwood Wilson, James E. Rhoads, Joseph Parrish, Thomas Stewardson, W. S. W. Ruschenberger, Richard Clements, S. D. Gross, Daniel B. Smith, Turner Hamilton, and G. J. Riche. The remainder of Series 2 is sorted by institution and roughly chronological in sequence. Most folders contain single items electing Hartshorne to a certain position. Two notable items are a recipe book (1846-1847) from Hartshorne's residency at Pennsylvania Hospital, and a detailed report on cases seen in the 2nd Ward of U.S.A. General Hospital at 4th and George Streets, Philadelphia, during the Civil War.

Series 3 contains a chronological run of manuscripts of Henry Hartshorne's single lectures, addresses, or speeches (18381893). Most of the speeches deal with hygiene; many were given at Haverford College. Whenever possible, each instance and location of the delivery of a speech has been recorded, as Hartshorne would often deliver the same speech at different institutions and emend his text for different audiences.

The bulk of this collection of Hartshorne papers is contained in Series 4. This series contains the manuscript texts

(1853-1887) of Henry Hartshorne's lecture courses on various subjects principally hygiene at different institutions. Although occasional texts exist for courses at the Academy of Natural Sciences, the Franklin Institute, the Institute for Colored Youth, Pennsylvania College, the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, and the Philadelphia College of Medicine, there are extensive texts for courses on hygiene at the University of Pennsylvania's Auxiliary Faculty of Medicine; etiology, hygiene, and physiology at the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania; and hygiene, organic sciences, and philosophy at Haverford College. In addition to the manuscript texts of these lectures, the series also includes additional manuscript and printed material used by Henry Hartshorne to amplify or update his lectures on hygiene as well as examples of examination questions based on these lectures.

Series 5 consists of a small collection of manuscript notes and printed material (1866-1893), presumably assembled as research files for Hartshorne's lectures or articles. Principal subjects represented are cholera, hygiene, and vaccination.

Manuscripts of various writings published and unpublished of Henry Hartshorne are preserved in Series 6. There are several poems, articles concerning Haverford College, a biographical sketch of Joseph Hartshorne, and the first chapter and a plot synopsis of an unfinished novel, The hospital of St. Mark. The bulk of this series, however, is professional in nature. Included is the incomplete text of a prize winning essay on remittent fever for the Northern Medical Association (1850); a report, produced for the American Public Health Association in 1875, on sanitary conditions at resorts; a copy of the fifth edition of Hartshorne's Essentials of the principles and practices of medicine (1881) with extensive notes and emendations, possibly for a projected sixth edition; the preface, lists of illustrations, and parts of the text for a high school physiology textbook (1885); two chapters on diagnosis written for William Pepper's System of practical medicine by American authors (1885-1886); and the manuscript table of contents and several indices for Hartshorne's A household manual of medicine, surgery, nursing and hygiene, [1886].

Henry Hartshorne's work and interest in hygiene found another expression in his concern for public water supplies. His work on two committees, one, in 1889, for citizens in Germantown, the other, circa 1891, as a member of a subcommittee of Philadelphia Council's Water Committee, formed to determine the best source for the city's future water supply, is documented in Series 7. Correspondence, newsclippings, and Hartshorne's manuscript and typescript reports are included.

A few miscellaneous items concerning Hartshorne's membership or activity in professional organizations (1856-1880), such as the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Medical Association, the Audubon Society, and the British Medical Association, are preserved in Series 8.

Some miscellaneous material (1836-1897) is preserved in Series 9. Items of interest include: Hartshorne's notes from his student days at Haverford College on the ethical lectures of Daniel B. Smith (circa 1836); one folder of book reviews and printed testimonials concerning published works, principally Hartshorne's revision of J. Russell Reynolds' System of medicine (1880); and his own theory of the origin of the Arabic numeral system (1893).

Series 10 is composed of 32 lantern slides; most are undated. The slides in Series 10.1, all encased in wood sleeves, are of natural history subjects. Series 10.2 contains microscopic examinations, and Series 10.3 consists of views of fireplaces and ventilation systems. These slides were probably used during Hartshorne's lectures.