1 folder

4 pages.

Subjects: Personal correspondence

Relevant locations: Pendleton (Ind.)

4 pages. Abby Kimber's part of the letter discusses at length experiments with "Phreno-Magnetism" (apparently a combination of phrenology and animal magnetism or hypnotism) performed on Gertrude Kimber Burleigh by Emmor Kimber, who put her in a trance and then touched the various phrenological "organs" on her skull and observed her behavior. Esther Lewis's part of the letter, dictated to Mariann Lewis and dated 1843, discusses news of friends and family, including a problem with her foot that prevented her from walking for several weeks and the recent formation of a temperance pledge society nearby. Mariann Lewis's part of the letter discusses the travel-plans of Fussell's husband Edwin. Graceanna Lewis's part of the letter discusses her life in York, where she worked as a teacher in her uncle Bartholomew Fussell's school.

Subjects: Phrenology; Animal magnetism; Hypnotism; Psychology--Experiments; Temperance--Societies, etc.; Women teachers

Relevant locations: East Pikeland (Pa. : Township); West Vincent (Pa. : Township); York (Pa.); Pendleton (Ind.)

4 pages. Passes on news of friends and family, including an upcoming wedding and tidings of Graceanna Lewis's sister Rebecca Lewis Fussell. Discusses preparations for Yearly Meeting.

Subjects: Personal correspondence

Relevant locations: West Vincent (Pa. : Township); York (Pa.)

4 pages. Esther Lewis's part of the letter passes on news of friends, family, and the recent Yearly Meeting; mentions that Graceanna Lewis's sister Mariann is copying out a work of Simón Bolívar for Gertrude Kimber Burleigh; and discusses milking and butter-making. Esther Ann Fussell's part discusses a recent wedding; a speech given by Charles C. Burleigh at an antislavery meeting; an older Quaker's objection to Burleigh on the grounds that he was a "hireling" minister; and a faux pas involving letter-writing. Elizabeth Lewis's part discusses attending Yearly Meeting, mentioning the "anti-abolitionism" of Rachel Barker.

Subjects: Personal correspondence; Quaker abolitionists; Women abolitionists

Relevant locations: West Vincent (Pa. : Township); York (Pa.)

4 pages. Discusses the birth of Edwin and Rebecca's son Linnaeus Fussell, as well as Gertrude Kimber's decision to leave the Society of Friends in order to marry Charles C. Burleigh.

Subjects: Fussell, Linnaeus, 1842-1907; Burleigh, Gertrude Kimber; Burleigh, Charles C. (Charles Calistus), 1810-1878

Relevant locations: West Vincent (Pa. : Township); Pendleton (Ind.)

4 pages. Dictated by Esther Fussell Lewis to Mariann Lewis, who, with Elizabeth Lewis, has added a good deal of news. Esther's part answers Edwin and Rebecca's request for advice about joining a communal settlement, urging strongly against joining. Elizabeth's part reproduces, from Graceanna Lewis's letter of 1842-10-12 (A00179475), a description of an experiment involving animal magnetism and phrenology performed on Rachel Wright.

Subjects: Collective settlements; Phrenology; Animal magnetism

Relevant locations: West Vincent (Pa. : Township); York (Pa.); Pendleton (Ind.)

4 pages. Refers to several recent antislavery and temperance meetings at which James Miller McKim, Lucretia Mott, Charles C. Burleigh, and others spoke. Passes on news of friends and family.

Subjects: Personal correspondence

Relevant locations: West Vincent (Pa. : Township); York (Pa.)

4 pages.

Subjects: Trimble, Rebecca F. (Rebecca Fussell), 1796-1882; Personal correspondence

Relevant locations: West Vincent (Pa. : Township); Radnor (Pa.)

2 pages. Full list of addressees: Joseph Fussell, Elizabeth Moore Fussell, Rebecca Bond Fussell Rogers, Mary Jane Fussell Hodges, Elizabeth Moore Fussell Lewis, and John Lewis Fussell.

Subjects: Personal correspondence

Relevant locations: West Vincent (Pa. : Township)

2 pages. Discusses Fussell's grandmother Esther Brewer Jeanes.

Subjects: Quaker women

1 page. Encloses wool stockings for Fussell and her children.

Subjects: Hosiery

4 pages. Esther Lewis's part quotes extensively from a letter from Jacob Fussell, who witnessed several auctions of enslaved people while in Richmond, Virginia; passes on news of family and friends; and discusses the family's crop yield. Graceanna Lewis's part alludes to Rebecca Fussell's antislavery activism, discusses Edwin Fussell's ambivalence about remaining in the Society of Friends and Lewis's own feelings about the Society and its position on slavery.

Subjects: Slavery; Slave trade; Slavery and the church--Society of Friends

Relevant locations: West Vincent (Pa. : Township); Pendleton (Ind.); Richmond (Va.)

4 pages. Lewis apologizes for having made her mother uneasy by writing to Gertrude Kimber Burleigh, apparently about delivering an antislavery speech in York. Discusses her anger over the recent capture of three freedom seekers (people who escaped slavery) near her and the passivity of those around her. Says she tried writing a speech to deliver publicly but felt she was not up to the task. Reassures her mother that she will take care of herself while doing antislavery work. Asks about various meetings, including one of the Society for Universal Inquiry and Reform. Discusses the travels of her aunt and uncle, who saw Lucretia Mott speak at a temperance and antislavery picnic. A faded letter written between the lines of page 1 is likely from Rebecca Lewis Fussell to her husband Edwin Fussell; it discusses the family's financial situation.

Subjects: Antislavery movements; Fugitive slaves; Women social reformers; Women abolitionists

Relevant locations: York (Pa.); Chester County (Pa.)

4 pages. Written over the course of several days. Graceanna Lewis celebrates a step in British emancipation in poetic language and recounts hearing a Quaker discuss abolition at meeting. She also mentions the suffering of John Jacobs and discusses the blooming of plants, sprouting of seeds, and news of her relatives. She thinks she has discovered a new plant species. Her mother, Esther Lewis, writes of a conflict over women's rights in abolitionist circles that involved Abby Kelley Foster and Lucretia Mott. Both women make references to relatives' illnesses.

Subjects: Slavery; Quakers; Great Britain. Act for the abolition of slavery throughout the British Colonies; Women's rights; Foster, Abby Kelley, 1811-1887; Women abolitionists

Relevant locations: Pendleton (Ind.); Chester County (Pa.)

4 pages. Alludes to the anniversary of the emancipation of enslaved people in the British West Indies. Mentions health, illnesses, and schooling of relatives. Discusses an ongoing illness of Molly's that requires a caretaker. Tells of Uncle Bartholomew Fussell's plans for his approaching marriage to Rebecca Hewes and his need to seek marriage certificates from his meeting. Mentions that Bartholomew wants to invite anti-slavery friends to his wedding and ban strong alcohol from it.

Subjects: Temperance; Marriage; Slavery; Antislavery movements; Great Britain. Act for the abolition of slavery throughout the British Colonies

Relevant locations: Pendleton (Ind.); Chester County (Pa.)

4 pages. Esther Ann Jacobs was Graceanna Lewis's cousin. Lewis has recently moved to York, Pennsylvania, and is keeping a school for girls with her aunt and uncle. She describes her new home and surroundings and gives the daily schedule of the school. She mentions a cousin's wedding, the ''single gentlemen'' in the area, and how she misses her home antislavery society.

Subjects: Women--Education; Women teachers; Antislavery movements

Relevant locations: Chester County (Pa.); York (Pa.)

4 pages. Rebecca Lewis Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's sister; Edwin Fussell was Rebecca Lewis Fussell's husband. Lewis describes the school where she is teaching and the area around it. She mentions reading lots of books, including ''Burritt's Geography of the Heavens.'' She talks about teaching the children about slavery, which she feels is her duty even if the parents of the children would object, because she sees the children as human beings who need to be taught such things and not just other people's children. She mentions ''Dissolution of the Union'' excitement and favors it in the same sense that she would withdraw from a corrupt church.

Subjects: Pennsylvania--York; Astronomy; Slavery; Women--Education; Girls' Schools

Relevant locations: York (Pa.); Pendleton (Ind.)

4 pages. Esther Fussell Lewis was Graceanna Lewis's mother. Addressed to "Relatives." Discusses a variety of topics, including her mother's virtues; a relative's marriage; a lecturer from a school in Berea, Ohio, who visited Lewis's school; a pair of lecturers on phrenology from Dartmouth who visited Lewis's school and gave phrenological examinations of her and her students and family (she reproduces her own in full); a visit from a chemist with very unusual ideas about universally intelligible writing; 10 freedom seekers escaping slavery who were sheltered by local abolitionists while pursued by a large group of men at the behest of a female enslaver; and several other topics.

Subjects: Fugitive slaves; Slaveholders; Slavery; Phrenology; Education; Women--Education; Physical education for women; Language, Universal

Relevant locations: York (Pa.); Chester County (Pa.)

4 pages. Esther Fussell Lewis was Graceanna Lewis's mother. Lewis proposes a course of study for her sister Elizabeth Lewis involving botany and astronomy that will allow her to learn while staying to help at home. She mentions that her friend Getty (Gertrude Kimber Burleigh, wife of Charles Burleigh) in is now living in Massachusetts, notes the sectional tensions between the North and the South, and describes tensions in the Society of Friends around abolitionism that prevented her uncle Bartholomew Fussell from being appointed clerk of a Meeting out of fear he would cause divisions. Closes with a discussion of a school for black children in York, the recent fair and her family's pricing of goods, her unhappiness about children being exposed to ideas about violence, some of the girls at her school, and a scientific lecture she attended recently on the origin and condition of the Arabs.

Subjects: Girls' schools; African Americans--Education; Women--Education; North and south; Society of Friends; Slavery; Antislavery movements; Baltimore Yearly Meeting of Friends (Hicksite : 1828-1968); Children and violence; Fussell, Bartholomew, 1794-1871

Relevant locations: York (Pa.); Chester County (Pa.)

4 pages. Joseph Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's cousin. He talks about the school where he is working and teaching African American students. He finds them equal ''in intellectual capacity to the majority of white children of their age and having had the same opportunity for acquiring learning.'' He writes extensively about phrenology and discusses it in relation to his students. He also mentions poet John Greenleaf Whittier and says that ''he is sometimes a little astray of the path.''

Subjects: African Americans--Education; Phrenology; Whittier, John Greenleaf, 1807-1892

Relevant locations: Frankford (Philadelphia, Pa.)

4 pages. Joseph Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's cousin. He recounts a trip to a colored school for adults and discusses the refreshing pureness and innocence of children. He speaks of the duty he feels to give to those with less than himself and the idea that all inequalities of wealth result from the use of force. He also alludes to anti-slavery activity in Frankford.

Subjects: Children--Religious aspects; African Americans--Education; Wealth; Social classes

Relevant locations: Philadelphia (Pa.); York (Pa.); Frankford (Philadelphia, Pa.)

4 pages. Mariann Lewis and Rebecca Lewis Fussell were Graceanna Lewis's sisters. Lewis writes that family members are on their way to Yearly Meeting. She adds that the school in York is doing well and there has been temperance activism lately.

Subjects: Temperance

Relevant locations: West Vincent (Pa. : Township); Pendleton (Ind.)

4 pages. Joseph Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's cousin. Fussell expresses his belief that antislavery "cannot breath in towns and villages" because they are ''moral plague spots"; he would prefer to hold the convention out in "free air" of the country. He recounts the horrors of slavery and encourages Lewis to join him at an antislavery meeting in Norristown where the Society for Inquiry and Reform will also be meeting. He closes with a discussion of communities and the ethics of buying land.

Subjects: Lewis, Graceanna, 1821-1912; Antislavery movements; Cities and towns; Slavery; Society of Friends; Society for Universal Inquiry and Reform

Relevant locations: York (Pa.); Norristown (Pa.);

4 pages. Written from Harmony Grove. Jackson says that she misses Lewis, asks about antislavery in York, Pennsylvania, and discusses recent antislavery and temperance picnics and a planned convention in Philadelphia at the end of the year. She also describes a trip to a wedding in Delaware County made difficult by flooding.

Subjects: Lewis, Graceanna, 1821-1912; Floods; Travel; Antislavery movements; Temperance

Relevant locations: York (Pa.); Delaware County (Pa.)

4 pages. Mary Townsend was an author and close friend of Graceanna Lewis's. Lewis expresses her affection for Townsend. She also briefly describes the journey home from Townsend's; mentions her mother Esther's interest in Harriet Martineau's case and anxiety that Townsend try magnetism; and alludes to a dental procedure she had performed.

Subjects: Martineau, Harriet, 1802-1876; Townsend, Mary, 1814-; Dentistry

Relevant locations: Chester County (Pa.); Philadelphia (Pa.)

4 pages. Mary Townsend was an author and close friend of Graceanna Lewis's. She asks whether the light shines within Townsend. She describes a trip to her uncle Joseph Fussell's house. While there she met Mary Grew and Margaret Jones and discussed with them the merits of a series of children's books (presumably on antislavery) as opposed to a paper. Lewis has found several anecdotes illustrating peace principles.

Subjects: Inner Light; Children--Books and reading; Periodicals; Grew, Mary, 1813-1896; Townsend, Mary, 1814-

Relevant locations: West Vincent (Pa. : Township); Philadelphia (Pa.)

6 pages. Mary Townsend was an author and close friend of Graceanna Lewis's. Lewis recently attended an antislavery meeting where Elijah Pennypacker, her brother-in-law Edwin Fussell, and a Baptist minister named Collins discussed community and its relationship to progress; the letter summarizes their positions. ''Miss Abby'' (likely Abby Kimber) was also there. Lewis discusses ideas of morality and religion; she also mentions attending a meeting of the Royal Spring Temperance Society and an anti-tobacco pledge that has been circulating.

Subjects: Pennypacker, E. F. (Elijah Funk), 1804-1888; Fussell, Edwin, 1813-1882; Social reformers; Communities; Antislavery movements; Temperance; Tobacco use--Prevention; Lowell, Maria, 1821-1853

Relevant locations: West Vincent (Pa. : Township)

2 pages. Fragment. Mary Townsend was an author and close friend of Graceanna Lewis's. Lewis describes a pair of funerals she attended. One was for an abolitionist and was also attended by Elijah Pennypacker; the other was for a woman ''from a very humble sphere'' who ''passed away with no husband or child to mourn her.''

Subjects: Pennypacker, E. F. (Elijah Funk), 1804-1888; Antislavery movements; Death

Relevant locations: Phoenixville (Pa.); Philadelphia (Pa.)

4 pages. Mariann Lewis and Rebecca Lewis Fussell were Graceanna Lewis's sisters; Edwin Fussell was their cousin and Rebecca Lewis Fussell's husband. Mariann is travelling to Indiana; part of her journey has been on steam boat. Jane, the family servant, has gotten married, and Graceanna approves of the work of the new servant, Ann Bradley. Several people in the family have been reading ''Jane Eyre.'' Rebecca writes that Sarah, ''a little colored girl,'' is hurt because Edwin Fussell said farewell to the white children but not to her.

Subjects: Women--Travel; Women household employees; Jane Eyre (Brontë, Charlotte)

Relevant locations: Chester County (Pa.); Pendleton (Ind.)

2 pages. Priscilla Townsend was Graceanna Lewis's close friend Mary Townsend's mother. She expresses affection for Graceanna Lewis but says she feels sorrow for the many things that oppress her. There is a note from Mary Townsend at the bottom saying that her mother has become ''increasingly attached'' to the abolitionists. The reverse of the letter is a fragment of a letter from Edwin Fussell to his wife, Rebecca Lewis Fussell.

Subjects: Lewis, Graceanna, 1821-1912; Abolitionists

Relevant locations: Pennsylvania

2 pages. Gertrude Burleigh was a Quaker and an abolitionist. Addressed to the ''Three Graces'' but does not identify who the three Graces are. Burleigh mostly describes her home in Connecticut. She also talks about her husband, Charles Burleigh Sr., and the work he has been doing.

Subjects: Burleigh, Charles C. (Charles Calistus), 1810-1878; Kaleidoscopes

Relevant locations: Canterbury (Conn.)

4 pages. Mariann Lewis was Graceanna Lewis's sister. Graceanna Lewis is traveling on a boat with Pliny Chase and others and talks about her journey.

Subjects: Fall River Line; Chase, Pliny Earle, 1820-1886

Relevant locations: New England; New York (State)

4 pages. Hannah Wright Mifflin was a Quaker whose family was involved with the Underground Railroad. She describes the mountain gorge where health and pleasure seekers gather and says the land was reclaimed from ''Savage Nations.'' She speaks very highly of a man who visited them named Mr. Bigelow, whom she describes as an ''earnest, antislavery man.'' She also talks about a colored girl named Alice who is staying with them and mentions her desire that they ''keep her'' with them as a domestic.

Subjects: Indians of North America; Quakers; Paper industry

Relevant locations: Adams County (Pa.); Mount Holly Springs (Pa.)

6 pages. Susan Fussell was a cousin of Graceanna, Mariann, and Elizabeth Lewis. Fussell expresses grief over the death of Graceanna Lewis's sister Rebecca Lewis Fussell's daughter Emma Jane Fussell. She tells that many men have volunteered since the order for drafting was issued. Talks of her brother Joshua Fussell's experience in the war and talks of aiding the soldiers. She expresses anger that some members of her Quaker Meeting are against helping sick soldiers because they believe that would be against Quaker principles; Fussell feels that helping the soldiers is simple human decency.

Subjects: Fussell, Emma Jane, 1839-1862; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865; Slavery; Society of Friends; Quakers; Draft; War--Relief of sick and wounded

Relevant locations: Indiana

4 pages. Hannah Wright Mifflin was a Quaker whose family was involved with the Underground Railroad. She discusses the recent Union victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg and expresses sorrow about the horrors of war. She very much wants to see Lewis and informs her that Howard Gilbert (a school teacher Lewis met in York) has not enlisted.

Subjects: Lewis, Graceanna, 1821-1912; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865

Relevant locations: Germantown (Philadelphia, Pa.)

2 pages. Graceanna Lewis reflects on the life of her sister, Mariann Lewis, who has recently passed away.

Subjects: Lewis, Mariann, 1819-1866

Relevant locations: Philadelphia (Pa.)

3 pages. Hannah Wright Mifflin was a Quaker whose family was involved with the Underground Railroad. Graceanna Lewis writes that Rebecca and Edwin Fussell have recently been to Philadelphia. She plans to visit Mifflin soon and also invites MIfflin to visit her. Graceanna says she has two rooms but warns that she ''can't keep house in housekeeping style.''

Subjects: Fussell, Rebecca L. (Rebecca Lewis), 1820-1893; Fussell, Edwin, 1813-1882; Mifflin, Hannah Wright, 1818-1900

Relevant locations: Philadelphia (Pa.)

2 pages. Mary Townsend Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's niece. Lewis expresses her love for her niece Fussell and Fussell's infant daughter, Alice Fussell.

Subjects: Lewis, Graceanna, 1821-1912; Fussell, Mary Townsend, 1849-1935; Fussell, Alice, 1871-1955

Relevant locations: Philadelphia (Pa.)

4 pages. Rebecca Lewis Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's sister. Fussell's son Robert Fussell is dangerously ill, and Lewis is worried about him. She tells of a previous illness of his and how she tried to impart strength to him through physical contact. Hannah Wright Mifflin has come to visit. Lewis also discusses her hired help on the family farm (Sunnyside), which she is considering passing on to Hannah Wright Mifflin and Samuel Mifflin.

Subjects: Fussell, Robert, 1875-1943; Agricultural laborers; Family farms

Relevant locations: West Vincent (Pa. : Township)

8 pages. Alice and Robert Fussell were Graceanna Lewis's great-niece and great-nephew, respectively. Lewis writes to them shortly after they paid her a visit. The first half of the letter gives details about her daily life and the plants and animals around her house. The second half discusses birds.

Subjects: Bobolink; Grackles; Orioles; Birds--Migration; Birds; Birds--Nests; Fussell, Alice, 1871-1955; Fussell, Robert, 1875-1943

Relevant locations: West Vincent (Pa. : Township)

4 pages. Alice Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's great-niece. Lewis tells 7-year-old Alice about God's gifts, offers to give her and her brother Robert a pair of rabbits, and says she will move to Media, Pennsylvania, in a month.

Subjects: Rabbits; Fussell, Alice, 1871-1955; Fussell, Robert, 1875-1943

Relevant locations: West Vincent (Pa. : Township); Media (Pa.)

12 pages. Signed S. Fussell and most likely written by Graceanna Lewis's cousin, Susan Fussell. She discusses at length her concern for poor and orphaned children and ''the plan'' to have the children cared for in people's homes at the expense of the county until they can obtain homes with private families. Fussell thanks Graceanna for her offer to write an article on the subject. She also mentions an interest in homes for the ''deserving aged.'' A note added to the letter says it is from Ada Fussell, Susan Fussell's sister, but that is likely incorrect based on the handwriting.

Subjects: Orphanages; Poor children--Social conditions; Social service

Relevant locations: Spiceland (Ind.)

6 pages. Rebecca Lewis Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's sister. Most of the letter recounts the process of moving out of the family farm of Sunnyside and describes Lewis's new house in Chester Springs. Parts of the house are temporarily being used as a school by "Adie" (likely their cousin Ada Fussell). Lewis also discusses her financial situation and a recent piece in the Woman's Journal.

Subjects: Moving, Household; Woman's journal (Boston, Mass. : 1870)

Relevant locations: Chester Springs (Pa.); West Vincent (Pa. : Township)

6 pages. Rebecca Lewis Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's sister. Lewis describes her housework and warns her sisters not to endanger their health by the strain of overwork. She has received a reply from Professor Ray telling her that she has not been chosen for the teaching position at Vassar. Lewis relates the reasons given by Ray and adds that she does not think the pay would make up for the excessive work and state of ''servitude'' involved with the position. She also briefly describes her diet.

Subjects: Vassar College; Women college teachers; Housekeeping

Relevant locations: Chester Springs (Pa.)

4 pages. Rebecca Lewis Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's sister. Lewis describes her process of seeking employment. She is unsatisfied with the pay and performance of a periodical that recently published some of her writing. She has received a letter from Dr. Chloe Annette Buckel, who has recently moved to Oakland, California, where she is pursuing natural history.

Subjects: Women teachers; Women--Employment

Relevant locations: Chester Springs (Pa.)

4 pages. Graceanna Lewis writes a birthday letter to her five-year-old great-nephew, ''Robbie.'' She tells him that he should be thankful to have such a good, loving family as there are many children who have ''bad'' mothers and fathers and thus are taken out of their homes.

Subjects: Birthdays; Fussell, Robert, 1875-1943

Relevant locations: Philadelphia (Pa.)

8 pages. Alice and Robert Fussell were Graceanna Lewis's great-niece and great-nephew, respectively. Graceanna Lewis transcribes a story extract and a poem for "Allie" and "Robbie" in the celebration of their newborn baby sister, Emma Fussell. She also recounts what the neighbor children are up to.

Subjects: Short stories; Poetry; Fussell, Alice, 1871-1955; Fussell, Robert, 1875-1943; Larcom, Lucy, 1824-1893; Neighbors

Relevant locations: Philadelphia (Pa.)

3 pages. Poem celebrating Quaker poet John Greenleaf Whittier on his eightieth birthday. Published in the Friends Intelligencer (vol. 45 no. 1 p. 1).

Subjects: Quaker abolitionists; Whittier, John Greenleaf, 1807-1892; American poetry--Quaker authors

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

3 pages. Alice and Robert Fussell were Graceanna Lewis's great-niece and great-nephew, respectively. Lewis describes how she has been painting ducks. She explains in detail the behaviors of the ducks to Robert and promises to send a picture of wood-duck for the children's enjoyment. She also discusses how much more important writing a letter is compared to buying a pre-made card, as well as her plans for the major holidays.

Subjects: Ducks; Painting; Fussell, Alice, 1871-1955; Fussell, Robert, 1875-1943; Personal correspondence; Holidays--Planning

Relevant locations: Philadelphia (Pa.)

2 pages. Graceanna Lewis describes a school, likely the Foster School for Girls where she taught from 1883-1885, and writes about the books she has been studying. She describes how she came across algae and conducted experiments with it. She has an upcoming meeting planned with Dr. Adele Amelia Gleason and mentions her mother, Rachel Gleason, the fourth woman to earn a medical degree in the United States.

Subjects: Botany; Books and reading; Women in education; Microscopy; Bible

Relevant locations: Philadelphia (Pa.)

3 pages. Sketches drawn by Graceanna Lewis with labels that describe the plants her great-niece and great-nephew Alice and Robert Fussell have brought to her.

Subjects: Botany; Scientific illustration; Fussell, Robert, 1875-1943

Relevant locations: Pennsylvania

3 pages. Mary Townsend Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's niece. Written from the Academy of Natural Science, of which Lewis was a member. Lewis writes about how much she cares for Fussell and her "exceptional" children. She also shares some quotes from a book she is reading.

Subjects: Books and reading; Fussell, Alice, 1871-1955; Fussell, Robert, 1875-1943

Relevant locations: Philadelphia (Pa.)

3 pages. Esther Jane Trimble Lippincott was Graceanna Lewis's cousin. Lewis extends her sympathy over the recent death of Trimble's mother, Rebecca Trimble.

Subjects: Death; Bereavement; Trimble, Esther Jane, 1838-1888; Trimble, Rebecca F. (Rebecca Fussell), 1796-1882

Relevant locations: Philadelphia (Pa.)

6 pages. Rebecca Lewis Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's sister. Lewis discusses her relationship with her coworkers at the Foster School for Girls, tells of adventures with a well-known botanist, and a Miss Port who is spending time at the sanitarium. She describes being one of the oldest teachers there and how she feels that the younger teachers and students alike look up to her as a maternal figure. She also discusses the letters and news she has received from various family members.

Subjects: Botany; Teachers; Women in education

Relevant locations: Clifton Springs (N.Y.)

7 pages. Rebecca Lewis Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's sister. Lewis opens the letter by describing a dream she had that someone she knew gave birth to a baby boy. She discusses ''Cousin Adie',' who started up her own kindergarten, and ''Cousin Susan,'' likely Ada and Susan Fussell. Lewis talks about the different plants that Adie has had success in growing, and mentions that Mrs. Foster has been sending her plants to grow. The end of the letter consists of her complaints about grading and excitement and anxiety surrounding Dr. Lewis putting her in charge of a department at school.

Subjects: Girls' schools; botany; Women in education; Women teachers; Fussell, Lydia Ada, 1837-1900; Fussell, Susan, 1832-1889

Relevant locations: Clifton Springs (N.Y.)

4 pages. Graceanna Lewis talks about the importance of keeping records in order to preserve history for future generations, noting that she wishes she had more information about her father. She also describes some talks she attended given by Professor Gilmore at the University of Rochester. She says she is tired of "young ladyism."

Subjects: University of Rochester; Women's rights; Lewis, Graceanna, 1821-1912

Relevant locations: Clifton Springs (N.Y.)

3 pages. Mary Townsend Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's niece. She tells of an idea she has for celebrating Fussell's son Robert Fussell's ninth birthday, and she asks for the bill to be sent to her for his cake. She wonders how the heater in Fussell's house works and whether it keeps the house comfortable. She then complains of how cold her classroom is in the mornings. Lewis mentions that she cannot ''in [good] conscience'' recommend her friends to send their children to the Foster School for Girls (where Lewis was teaching at the time) because of what she sees, and she expresses gratitude that she was brought up in the Society of Friends where virtues like kindness and love were emphasized as opposed to fear of the Devil.

Subjects: Birthdays; Girls' schools; Society of Friends; Virtues; Fussell, Mary Townsend, 1849-1935; Fussell, Robert, 1875-1943

Relevant locations: Clifton Springs (N.Y.)

6 pages. Robert Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's great-nephew. Lewis reflects on Fussell as a baby and shares a memory of him smelling flowers with her. She thanks him for giving her descriptions on his young brother Lewis, as Graceanna Lewis is unable to see him growing up but she delights in what she is told of him. Lewis tells Fussell how lucky he is to have such a loving family, as there are children who do not have this privilege. One of her student's fathers gave her an "aquarium" (fish tank) for school use and she explains the types of materials the students have helped her place in it for the fish they will get. She also gives tips for growing plants at home.

Subjects: Botany; Fishes; Education; Flowers; Girls' schools; Women teachers; Women in education; Fussell, Alice, 1871-1955; Fussell, Robert, 1875-1943

Relevant locations: Clifton Springs (N.Y.); Media (Pa.)

3 pages. Rebecca Lewis Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's sister. Lewis confides that she is ''tired, tired, tired'' of correcting papers and answering students' questions because there is no time to do all that should be done. She has found it hard to enjoy herself due to exhaustion, and looks forward to Fussell's daughter Mary "Mollie" Fussell's upcoming birthday.

Subjects: Diseases; Science--Study and teaching; Birthdays; Teachers

Relevant locations: Clifton Springs (N.Y.)

3 pages. Rebecca Lewis Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's sister. Lewis expresses her thankfulness that Lewis is ''getting better.'' She also mentions a scientific convention that is happening soon and suggests that Linnaeus Fussell would greatly benefit from attending and meeting professionals in the scientific field.

Subjects: Fussell, Linnaeus, 1842-1907; Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Congresses and conventions; Science; Botany; Zoology

Relevant locations: Philadelphia (Pa.); Clifton Springs (N.Y.); Media (Pa.)

2 pages. Signed "E" and likely written by Graceanna Lewis's cousin Esther Jane Trimble Lippincott. She describes her trip to England and his visit to Charlotte Brontë's home. She plans to go to Ireland next. The main reason for her letter is to make a request to have an inscribed stone to the memory of her parents placed in Merion.

Subjects: Travel; Sepulchral monuments; Brontë, Charlotte, 1816-1855

Relevant locations: Haworth (England)

4 pages. Rebecca Lewis Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's sister. Lewis describes the letters she has received and describes news of friends and family. She also describes an instance in which she attended a lecture on schools allowing hazing of younger boys, which infuriated her, and she compares the system to slavery in America.

Subjects: Hazing

Relevant locations: Clifton Springs (N.Y.)

4 pages. Rebecca Lewis Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's sister. Lewis discusses having "Essie" (likely her cousin Esther Jane Trimble Lippincott) stay with her and how she and others enjoy hearing about her travels. She includes a discussion of politics, particularly regarding a politician who has changed his opinion on temperance.

Subjects: Temperance; Trimble, Esther Jane, 1838-1888

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

3 pages. Ellen "Nellie" Fussell Cope was Graceanna Lewis's great-nice. Lewis compliments her on how nice the letter she received was and lets her know that she is loved and has a great family.

Subjects: Personal correspondence; Cope, Ellen Fussell, 1878-1953

Relevant locations: Clifton Springs (N.Y.)

4 pages. Rebecca Lewis Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's sister. Lewis describes how much she enjoys some muslin she bought recently. She mentions a recent visit from Charles Gordon Ames and describes her life teaching at the Foster School for Girls.

Subjects: Muslin; Women teachers; Ames, Charles Gordon, 1828-1912

Relevant locations: Clifton Springs (N.Y.)

3 pages. Rebecca Lewis Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's sister. Lewis discusses paying back her debts. She also discusses the upcoming school year at the Foster School for Girls, where Lewis was teaching at the time, and her goals of improving the students' grammar and writing skills.

Subjects: Debt; Women in education; Women teachers; Fussell, Robert, 1875-1943

Relevant locations: Clifton Springs (N.Y.)

4 pages. Mary Townsend Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's niece, and Henry M. Fussell was Mary Townsend Fussell's husband. Lewis thanks them for a picture she received of their child. She also details the lack of heat in her school, which caused her plants to freeze and forced her to hold classes in her private bedroom.

Subjects: Women in education; Women teachers

Relevant locations: Clifton Springs (N.Y.)

4 pages. Mary Townsend Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's niece. Lewis talks about how fortunate Fussell is for her ''happy home'' and advises her to rest often. She also recommends solutions for poor circulation and encloses money for her children.

Subjects: Fussell, Mary Townsend, 1849-1935

Relevant locations: Clifton Springs (N.Y.)

8 pages. Mary Townsend Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's niece. Lewis is making dresses and aprons for Fussell's children. She writes about her students at the Foster School for Girls and how pleased she is they are learning so well despite having little time to study.

Subjects: Sewing; Girls--Education; Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

Relevant locations: Clifton Springs (N.Y.)

4 pages. Rebecca Lewis Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's sister. It is their deceased sister Mariann Lewis's birthday, and Lewis reflects on her life. She is concerned about the recent health issues of Samuel Mifflin, the husband of her friend Hannah Wright Mifflin. She is unsure if she will be asked to return to teach at the Foster School for Girls next year.

Subjects: Death; Bereavement; Women in education; Women teachers; Mifflin, Samuel W. (Samuel Wright), 1805-1885; Lewis, Mariann, 1819-1866

Relevant locations: Clifton Springs (N.Y.)

2 pages. Charles Lewis Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's nephew. Lewis describes visiting Fussell's sister Mary and her children and her wish to paint a portrait of the family, or to have Fussell, a prominent artist, paint the family.

Subjects: Fussell, Charles Lewis, 1840-1909; Fussell, Mary Townsend, 1849-1935

Relevant locations: Clifton Springs (N.Y.)

4 pages. Lewis is concerned about her cousin's health after learning about a recent illness. Lewis discusses her family's Christmas activities. She also mentions declining an invitation to attend the christening of her nephew Edwin Fussell's child as it "wouldn't do for Quakers."

Subjects: Christmas; Baptism; Quakers

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

4 pages. Appears to be to the same recipient as A00180256. Lewis discusses oak leaves. She also discusses temperance, particularly a petition put forth to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania prohibiting the granting of a licence in Washington County.

Subjects: Oak; Temperance; Liquor laws; Pennsylvania. Supreme Court

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

1 page. Mary Townsend Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's niece. Lewis regrets not being able to visit Fussell but reminds her how loved she is by her family.

Subjects: Personal correspondence

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

10 pages. Addressed to "Hannah" and likely to Graceanna Lewis's friend and fellow Quaker Hannah Wright Mifflin. Lewis is grateful that Hannah endures illness with such strength and spirit. She writes that she has been painting non-stop to fulfill an order for 50 paintings. She brings up that she has been trying to get 5 of her scientific paintings copyrighted. She marvels at the presentation of a ''microphone'' at a recent meeting. She mentions reading a sermon which attacked evolutionists and criticizes the writer and those who follow him. She then talks about how the temperance movement has faced resistance in Chester, Pennsylvania, where there are many saloons, and how this has made their efforts in Media harder. She also writes in detail about the case of Walter Mintzer, a child whose parents had died in an accident in Philadelphia and whose grandparents were in a bitter battle for custody for him.

Subjects: Scientific illustration; Temperance; Women scientists; Human evolution; Custody of children

Relevant locations: Chester (Pa.); Media (Pa.); Philadelphia County (Pa.); Delaware County (Pa.)

2 pages. Addressed to "Hannah" and likely to Graceanna Lewis's friend and fellow Quaker Hannah Wright Mifflin. Lewis writes that her cousin Maria Fussell is ill and her children have been taking care of her.

Subjects: Illness; Fussell, Maria Douglas, 1822-1897

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

4 pages. Esther Ann Jacobs was Graceanna Lewis's cousin. She writes to acknowledge receiving Lewis's letter and expresses sadness over the death of Lewis's nephew Edwin Neal Fussell. She also includes a short piece on her memories of the Kimberton Boarding School, which she and Lewis both attended.

Subjects: Bereavement; Boarding schools; Girls' schools; Kimberton Boarding School; Kimber, Abby, 1804-1871; Burleigh, Gertrude K.

4 pages. Esther Ann Jacobs was Graceanna Lewis's cousin. She encloses an article (no longer attached) written by Joseph B. Lewis about a mob that attacked several abolitionists, including Frederick Douglass, in 1843 in Pendleton, Indiana. Jacobs also shares some of her own recollections about the event. She thanks Lewis for sending her the beautiful leaves.

Subjects: Abolitionists; Mobs; Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895; Lewis, Graceanna, 1821-1912

4 pages. Graceanna Lewis recounts her life, work, and family relations, apparently for a book or article that the recipient "Sarah" is writing.

Subjects: Lewis, Graceanna, 1821-1912; Genealogy; Biographies; Scientific illustration; Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

12 pages. Addressed to "Hannah" and likely to Graceanna Lewis's friend and fellow Quaker Hannah Wright Mifflin. Lewis talks at length about a trip she, her great-niece Alice Fussell, and their cousin Evangeline Lewis took to Longport, New Jersey. She was very productive and made many animal charts for the Delaware County Institute of Science. They stayed with Ellen H. McCullough, who was raised by Lewis and her sisters, and her husband, M. Simpson McCullough, who was the Mayor of Longport.

Subjects: Women scientists; Delaware County Institute of Science (Delaware County, Pa.); New Jersey--Longport; McCullough, Ellen H. (Eleanor H.), 1839-1926

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.); Longport (N.J.)

8 pages. Addressed to "Hannah" and likely to Graceanna Lewis's friend and fellow Quaker Hannah Wright Mifflin. Lewis discusses the value of fresh air and spending time outside. She describes her efforts to paint the autumn trees and capture their coloring. She talks in detail about an fascinating lecture she attended at the woman's club on the Madonnas; she plans to get a collection of Madonnas through the Perry Picture Company. She rebukes the practice of teachers whipping students and hopes to get the Women's Christian Temperance Union to take up the cause of ending the practice. She also discusses her niece Anna Fussell and nephew Charles Fussell, whom she was living with. She mentions that her eyes have delayed her from finishing some drawings of trees.

Subjects: Fall foliage; Scientific illustration; Women scientists; Perry Pictures Company; Mary, Blessed Virgin, Saint; Symbolism--Religious aspects; Students--Abuse of; Women--Societies and clubs; Fussell, Charles Lewis, 1840-1909

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

2 pages. Esther Fussell Lewis was Graceanna Lewis's mother. She transcribes a portion of a letter from Graceanna Lewis's cousin Esther Ann Jacobs. She also describes a ''refugee'' who escaped manhunters, which may be an account of someone who escaped enslavement through the Underground Railroad.

Subjects: Underground Railroad; Antislavery movements; Jacobs, Esther Ann Fussell, 1818-1901

7 pages. Addressed to "Hannah" and likely to Graceanna Lewis's friend and fellow Quaker Hannah Wright Mifflin. Lewis is preparing to move and has been going through her old letters and burning many of them. She is also going through the papers of her cousin, Esther Jane Trimble Lippincott, and is determining which letters should be burned and which should be saved. It is Easter, and Lewis describes her plans for the occasion. She mentions the death of their cousin Milcah Martha Lewis and her concern over her cousin Esther Ann Jacobs' declining health.

Subjects: Personal correspondence; Trimble, Esther Jane, 1838-1888; Jacobs, Esther Ann, 1833-1900; Rental housing; Bereavement

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

4 pages. Addressed to "Hannah" and likely to Graceanna Lewis's friend and fellow Quaker Hannah Wright Mifflin. Lewis shares the news of her cousin Ada Fussell's death and the mourning afterward. She also describes hurting her ankle in a fall and her subsequent convalescence.

Subjects: Bereavement; Lewis, Graceanna, 1821-1912; Convalescence; Wounds and injuries; Fussell, Lydia Ada, 1837-1900

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

4 pages. Addressed to "Dear Friend." Lewis describes the flowers that are blooming near her new home and is optimistic that there are many pretty colors to come; she has not yet determined where to plant her morning glories. She is still recovering from her ankle injury and discusses her recent activities. Her eye troubles prevent her from reading as much as she used to.

Subjects: Plants--Flowering of--Flowering time; Morning glories; Gardening; Convalescence; Books and reading; Lewis, Graceanna, 1821-1912

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

4 pages. Addressed to "Hannah" and likely to Graceanna Lewis's friend and fellow Quaker Hannah Wright Mifflin. Lewis explains that she was unable to write earlier because her nephews came over to her home to use her microscope and she was subsequently invited to dinner with their parents. She also talks about some house repairs that she is having done. She also discusses her plants and some family affairs.

Subjects: Microscopes; Morning glories; Sewing; Marriage; Fussell, Mary Townsend, 1849-1935

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

4 pages. Addressed to "Dear Friend." Lewis expresses that she understands her friend is busy, so she has reduced the number of letters she sends so as to not overwhelm her. Lewis tells of her ankle injury sustained the prior year which prevents her from moving around much. She describes the upkeep of her garden and some of the books she has been reading.

Subjects: Records and correspondence; Books and reading; Fussell, Charles Lewis, 1840-1909; Gardening

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

3 pages. Rebecca Swain was Graceanna Lewis's distant cousin. She sends Lewis letters that Swain's mother found that were written by Lewis's parents (letters no longer attached). She adds that she enjoyed reading Lewis's letters to her brother Joseph Swain, a prominent academic.

Subjects: Quakers; Swain, Joseph, 1857-1927; Lewis, Graceanna, 1821-1912

Relevant locations: Indiana

4 pages. Fragment. Addressed to "Dear Friend." Lewis discusses how she wants to be better at keeping constant and frequent communication through letters with her friend. She also talks about her scientific charts and how she is planning to change them, her observations of organisms where she lives, and her readings of Elizabeth Barrett Browning and other poets.

Subjects: Scientific illustration; Birds; Botany; Fussell, Alice, 1871-1955; Fussell, Charles, 1840-1909; Books and reading

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

4 pages. Copied letter. Grace R. Lewis may have been a relative of Graceanna Lewis', and they took up corresponding in order to determine if they were related. Graceanna Lewis recounts her family's history, from the first ancestor of hers to come to America with William Penn to her late father, John Lewis.

Subjects: Penn, William, 1644-1718; Quakers; Lewis, John, 1781-1824; Family history; Genealogy

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

2 pages. Mary Townsend Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's niece. She wishes her a happy birthday and shares a memory of her as a child.

Subjects: Birthdays; Poetry; Fussell, Mary Townsend, 1849-1935

4 pages. Addressed to "Dear Friend." Lewis discusses the Christmas cards and gifts she's received, expressing particular delight at receiving the book "Sharp Eyes" by Hamilton Gibson, whom she admires greatly. She mentions that she has little desire to write letters, mostly because it is painful and she worries that it is a result of neuralgia. She discusses corresponding with Grace R. Lewis, a woman she became acquainted with through a cousin and whom she suspects may be a relative.

Subjects: Christmas; Neuralgia; Gibson, W. Hamilton (William Hamilton), 1850-1896; Fussell, Mary Townsend, 1849-1935

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

1 page. Likely written to Graceanna Lewis's great-nephew Henry Moore Fussell Jr. Lewis sends a letter of sympathy and reminds him how much she loves him.

Subjects: Sympathy

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

2 pages. Mary Townsend Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's niece and Henry M. Fussell was Fussell's husband. Lewis expresses great love for her niece and her family.

Subjects: Fussell, Mary Townsend, 1849-1935

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

6 pages. Joseph Swain, a prominent academic, was Graceanna Lewis's distant cousin. Lewis writes about the graveyard where their family members are buried and discusses their family history and genealogy. She suggests appointing specific members of each family buried in the Pikeland Graveyard to maintain the graves.

Subjects: Genealogy; Swain, Joseph, 1857-1927; Fussell, Charles Lewis, 1840-1909

Relevant locations: Media (Pa.)

2 pages. Esther Ann Jacobs was Graceanna Lewis's cousin. She asks if Lewis has been circulating petitions and expresses her outrage for the gag resolution that has been proposed.

Subjects: Lewis, Graceanna, 1821-1912; Travel; Legislative bodies--Freedom of debate; Petitions; Slavery

2 pages. Signed "M" and likely written by Graceanna Lewis's close friend Mary Townsend. She plans to send Lewis a book they and wonders if Abby Kimber would enjoy it too. The writer also discusses her health issues.

Subjects: Lewis, Graceanna, 1821-1912; Books and reading

4 pages. Fragment. Signed "M" and likely written by Graceanna Lewis's close friend Mary Townsend. The writer discusses family and friends. They discuss some anti-slavery speeches they have read and compliment one given by Charles Burleigh. They also describe their bedroom in great detail.

Subjects: Antislavery movements; Abolitionists; Burleigh, Charles C. (Charles Calistus), 1810-1878

4 pages. Robert Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's great-nephew. Lewis wants to compile a book of Fussell's letters and asks that he write her often. She mentions seeing amaryllis in a book and tells how it reminded her of charming story from when Fussell was younger.

Subjects: Fussell, Robert, 1875-1943; Amaryllis (Genus)

Relevant locations: Philadelphia (Pa.)

4 pages. Alice and Robert Fussell were Graceanna Lewis's great-niece and great-nephew, respectively. Lewis recounts things she saw at the Academy of Natural Sciences "soiree," including microscopes and butterflies.

Subjects: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Microscopes; Butterflies; Beetles; Nature--Religious aspects; Quakers; Fussell, Charles Lewis, 1840-1909

Relevant locations: Philadelphia (Pa.)

2 pages. Mary Townsend Fussell was Graceanna Lewis's niece. Lewis requests that Mary come to the Decoration Day ceremony to commemorate those who were lost in the Civil War. She plans to go to the grave of Emma Jane Fussell, Mary Fussell's sister who died while nursing the sick and wounded during the Civil War.

Subjects: Memorials; War victims; Memorial Day; Fussell, Emma Jane, 1839-1862

2 pages. Fragment. Lewis writes that Dr. Loomis, the founder and principal of the Foster School for Girls where Lewis was teaching, suggested that Lewis's portrait may be wanted for the "Portraits of Scientific Men." Lewis is excited at the prospect which she feels will help her become more well known as a naturalist. She would like to have her nephew Charles Lewis Fussell paint her portrait so that it may help make him more well known as an artist.

Subjects: Women scientists; Fussell, Charles Lewis, 1840-1909; Lewis, Graceanna, 1821-1912