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Association for Jewish Children (Philadelphia, Pa.) Records
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Held at: Temple University Libraries: Special Collections Research Center [Contact Us]
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the Temple University Libraries: Special Collections Research Center. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
Overview and metadata sections
The Association for Jewish Children (AJC) was a social welfare organization and constituent agency of the Jewish Federation of Greater Philadelphia that served as an institutional foster home, child care, and adoption placement agency from 1941 until 1983. The AJC was established in 1941 from the merging of several allied organizations engaged in similar work. The Foster Home for Hebrew Orphans, Homewood School, Juvenile Aid Society, and Bureau for Jewish Children were among the institutions consolidated in 1941. The North Eastern Hebrew Orphans Home joined the AJC in 1945.
The Jewish Foster Home and Orphan Asylum, AJC's earliest predecessor and one of the first institutions of its kind in America, was founded in 1855 as the Jewish Foster Home Society in a house at 799 North 11th Street for the purposes of "providing a home for destitute and unprotected children of Jewish parentage." Rebecca Gratz, secretary of the Philadelphia Orphan Asylum was among the founding members of the Jewish Foster Home Society. In 1874, the society formerly changed its name to the Jewish Foster Home and Orphan Asylum. In 1881, the foster home relocated to a larger facility at 700 Church Lane near Chew Avenue in the Germantown section, then considered a rural part of Philadelphia more amendable to the care and growth of foster children.
The Hebrew Orphans Home, founded in 1896 as the Home for Hebrew Orphans, provided institutional care for children ages six to ten years of age and provided Orthodox religious instruction. In 1929, the Hebrew Orphans Home and Jewish Foster Home and Orphan Asylum merged their respective operations into the Foster Home for Hebrew Orphans.
The Juvenile Aid Society (JAS), established in 1901 as a committee of the Young Women's Union, later the Neighborhood Centre, worked with the courts on behalf of orphans and juvenile offenders and provided counseling services in public schools. In 1911, the Juvenile Aid Committee separated from the Young Women's Union and incorporated as the Juvenile Aid Society. The Juvenile Aid Society also organized the German Jewish Children's Aid Committee, Philadelphia's contribution to the U.S. movement to aid and place Jewish refugee children from Nazi Germany. The Committee worked with and received financial support from the German Jewish Children's Aid (GJCA) in New York. The Association for Jewish Children continued the effort to assist child survivors of the Holocaust under the European Jewish Children's Aid Committee.
The Homewood School, originally founded as the Hebrew Ladies Aid Society in 1902 at 510 North 4th Street, provided day nursery care and shelter to Jewish children ranging in ages from two to ten years of age. In 1916, services for unwed and deserted mothers were added as well as a training school for nursing and an orthopedic ward for crippled children. In 1921, the home moved to Wissahickon Avenue and School Lane in Germantown. The organization changed its name over the course of its operation first in 1903 to the Hebrew Day Nursery, then in 1907 to the Hebrew Sheltering Home and Day Nursery for Children, and finally in 1933 to the Homewood School.
The Bureau for Jewish Children was established in 1912 by the United Hebrew Charities to create an effective and cooperative working relationship across child welfare organizations in Philadelphia including the Juvenile Aid Society, Hebrew Sheltering Home, Jewish Foster Home, Hebrew Orphans Home, and Orphans Guardian Society.
The North Eastern Hebrew Orphans Home organized in 1918 during the influenza epidemic provided institutional care for children two to six years of age. The original home located at 1732 North 7th Street was modeled according to the cottage system which sought to move away from the prison-like dormitories characteristic of orphanages in the nineteenth century.
After the consolidation of Philadelphia's Jewish foster homes and child care agencies in 1941, the merged organization occupied the building at 700 Church Lane until the early 1950s at which time the cottage system of institutional care was substituted. Buildings at 13th and Spencer Streets were constructed to provide a more homelike living environment. In 1983, the Association for Jewish Children merged with the Jewish Family Service, an organization dedicated to family social work, to form the Jewish Family and Children's Agency.
Chronology of foster homes and child welfare agencies:
- 1855-1929 Jewish Foster Home and Orphan Asylum
- 1896-1929 Hebrew Orphans Home
- 1902-1940 Homewood School
- 1911-1940 Juvenile Aid Society
- 1912-1940 Bureau for Jewish Children
- 1918-1945 North Eastern Hebrew Orphans Home
- 1929-1940 Foster Home for Hebrew Orphans
- 1941-1983 Association for Jewish Children
- 1949-1983 Jewish Family Service (records in separate collection)
- 1983- Jewish Family and Children's Agency (records in separate collection)
The Association for Jewish Children Records document the activities of the organization and its predecessors with respect to institutional child care, foster home placement, and adoption facilitation for the Jewish community in Philadelphia from 1855 through the early 1970s.
The collection contains administrative records, correspondence, foster home ward admission registers, court report summaries, institutional studies and reports, statistical data about child placements, limited financial records, and photographs. The breadth and depth of material generated by each institution represented in the collection varies greatly but is evidence of the increased need of temporary or permanent child placement during the immigration boom of the latter nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and its subsequent decline after World War II. The collection does not include any records for the last ten years of operation prior to the AJC's merger with the Jewish Family Service in 1983.
The genealogical value of the collections is primarily restricted to the admission registers. The bulk of the admission registers contain an index of names at the front of each register facilitating easy discovery of placed children. With the exception of a small sample, the collection does not contain case files on wards of the various foster homes and child care agencies. Committee meeting minutes often contain rich descriptive information about particular child care cases, however the child's identity is typically masked.
Because of the numerous mergers and organization name changes, any records that span the administration of two or more institutions have been placed in the series with the predominate record creator with the names of each institution indicated in the folder level description. As such, researchers are encouraged to consult materials across series to ensure discoverability of relevant materials.
Series 2: Hebrew Orphans Home, 1897-1929
Series 3: Foster Home for Hebrew Orphans, 1928-1940
Series 4: Juvenile Aid Society, 1910-1940, 1949
Series 5: Homewood School, 1909-1939, undated
Series 6: Bureau for Jewish Children, 1921-1941
Series 7: North Eastern Hebrew Orphans Home, 1928-1944
Series 8: Association for Jewish Children, 1941-1973
Series 9: Photographs, 1897, 1913-1965, undated
Records placed on deposit by the Association for Jewish Children in February 1973. Collection previously administered by the Philadelphia Jewish Archives Center, acquired by Temple in June 2009.
"Admissions register, girls, 1876-1911, " "Admissions register, indenture agreements, and correspondence, 1884-1931" and "Membership dues register, 1874-1881" from Series 1 are available on microfilm.
A selection of photographs from this collection has been digitized and is available online on the Temple University Digital Collections website.
Collection processed and finding aid prepared in February 1975 by Lee B. Leopold and Lindsay B. Nauen. Collection minimally reprocessed and finding aid revised according to contemporary archival standards in April 2014 by Jessica M. Lydon, Associate Archivist.
Organization
- Association for Jewish Children (Philadelphia, Pa.)
- Bureau for Jewish Children (Philadelphia, Pa.)
- Bureau of Jewish Social Research (New York, N.Y.)
- Foster Home for Hebrew Orphans (Philadelphia, Pa.)
- Hebrew Ladies Aid Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)
- Hebrew Orphans Home (Philadelphia, Pa.)
- Hebrew Sheltering Home (Philadelphia, Pa.)
- Homewood School (Philadelphia, Pa.)
- Jewish Foster Home and Orphan Asylum (Philadelphia, Pa.)
- Juvenile Aid Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)
- North Eastern Hebrew Orphans Home (Philadelphia, Pa.)
Subject
- Adoption -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia
- Child welfare -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia
- Foster home care -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia
- Group homes for children -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia
- Jewish children -- Institutional care -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia
- Jewish orphanages -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia
- Unaccompanied refugee children -- United States
Place
- Publisher
- Temple University Libraries: Special Collections Research Center
- Finding Aid Author
- Machine-readable finding aid created by: Rajkumar Natarajan, Sky Global Services India (P) Ltd.
- Finding Aid Date
- December 2023
- Access Restrictions
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Access to records in Series 3 and 8 identifying adoptees and adoptive parents is restricted for 75 years from date of creation. Restrictions where applicable are indicated at the file level in the container inventory below.
- Use Restrictions
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The Association for Jewish Children Records are in the custody of the Special Collections Research Center, Temple University Libraries. Literary rights, including copyright, belong to the authors or their legal heirs and assigns. Researchers are responsible for determining the identity of rights holders and obtaining their permission for publication and for other purposes where stated.
Collection Inventory
Series 1 is arranged alphabetically by title or type of record and contains admission registers, indenture agreements, annual reports, administrative records, and reports on the foster home. The admission registers record the names and ages of children entering the foster home, the date of entry, and in some cases nativity, an abbreviated statement of reason for placement, and date of discharge from the home. Some of the earliest records of admission also include indenture agreements or contracts signed by a parent or guardian binding the institution to provide food, clothing, medicine, and education for children placed there. In return, the parent or guardian committed the child to a stated number of years of labor. Details about circumstances of discharge from the home for a select number of years can be found in the court reports in Series 4, Juvenile Aid Society. Administrative records in this series include Board of Managers meeting minutes, a near complete run of annual reports from 1856 to 1919, and documentation about the creation and administration of a fund to educate wards of the foster home through the Cassie Theobold Pfaelzer Trust. Also of note are the meeting minutes of the Girl's Literary Society, a group consisting of older female wards who engaged in literary recitation and musical performances for the benefit of the residents.
Series 2 is arranged alphabetically by title or type of record and contains admission registers, annual reports, Board of Directors and committee meeting minutes, correspondence, and reports. Of note are the meeting minutes of the After Care Committee, a committee formed by members of the Board of Directors and the Alumni Association to continue interaction between former residents and the foster home. This series contains a limited number of case summaries on child placements over the duration of the foster home's existence.
Series 3 is arranged alphabetically by title or type of record and contains records similar in type to those in series 1 and 2. The admission registers include entries of wards transferred from the institutions predecessors, Hebrew Orphans Home and Jewish Foster Home.
Series 4 is arranged alphabetically by title or type of record and contains Board of Directors and committee, correspondence, and reports. This is the only series containing comprehensive case histories about foster home wards in the collection. The four case histories in box 16 are a representative sample from the case files that were maintained by the Juvenile Aid Society and reflect the type and format of information recorded about children cared for JAS and similar institutions. The court reports on dependent and delinquency cases contain summary judgments for commitments and discharges of children placed at or under the care of various institutions including foster homes and state hospitals. This series contains the earliest material generated by the German Jewish Children's Aid Committee began by JAS and continued by the Association for Jewish Children as the European Jewish Children's Aid Committee in Series 8.
Series 5 is arranged alphabetically by title or type of record and contains Board of Directors meeting minutes, correspondence, and reports. Also included in this series is a scrapbook produced by the Adoption Committee containing newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and correspondence related to the work of the committee and adoption work generally in Philadelphia.
Series 6 is arranged alphabetically by title or type of record and contains meeting minutes, correspondence, reports, and statistics. Materials generated by the Placement Committee document interagency cooperation on child care cases. Additional materials about the Placement Committee can be found in Series 4.
Series 7 is the smallest series in the collection. The series is arranged alphabetically by title or type of record and contains meeting minutes and correspondence from the Board of Directors and Activity Board, and superintendent's reports for a select number of years.
Series 8 is arranged alphabetically by title or type of record and contains administrative records including extensive committee meeting minutes and reports, budget material, press releases, and statistics. Files on board rates in box 30 provide insight into the cooperative effort by child care agencies in Philadelphia to petition the courts for increased payments by the city to support children committed to foster homes by the Juvenile Court. The European Jewish Children's Aid Committee materials continue the work of the German Jewish Children's Aid Committee, administered by the Juvenile Aid Society prior to 1941 located in Series 4. Also of interest are the Personnel Committee meeting minutes, correspondence, and clippings in box 37 regarding the 40-day workers strike in June 1953 and union negotiations between the AJC Board and Local 1739, Community and Social Agency Employees. The staff meeting minutes and policy manual in boxes 43 and 44 provide in-depth understanding of the policies and procedures related to foster care placement and allied services administered by the AJC.
Series 9 contains black and white photographs of various activities at the Association for Jewish Children and its predecessor organizations. The photographs are arranged alphabetically by name of creating organization, if known and by topical subject.