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Jewish Community Relations Council of Greater Philadelphia Records
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Held at: Temple University Libraries: Special Collections Research Center [Contact Us]
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the Temple University Libraries: Special Collections Research Center. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
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The Jewish Community Relations Council of Greater Philadelphia (JCRC) was founded on January 30, 1939. The JCRC was originally known as the Philadelphia Anti-Defamation Council but changed their name in 1943 to the Philadelphia Jewish Community Relations Council. In the late-1950s, they settled on the name that is still in use today. The impetus for the formation of the JCRC was the rise of antisemitism in America after fascism took hold of much of Europe in the late-1930s. Though several organizations in the city were doing anti-defamation work, none were doing so exclusively. Jewish community leaders perceived the need for a unified voice dedicated specifically to fighting antisemitism and protecting the rights of the Jewish Community in Philadelphia. Two of these community leaders, Maurice Fagan, Director of the Philadelphia Fellowship Commission (PFC), and Leon Solis-Cohen, president of the local B'nai B'rith joined together to establish the Council in 1939. Fagan was made their first Executive Director. The JCRC combined fourteen member organizations upon formation. That number had risen to thirty-five by the late-1980s. Initial funding for the council came from B'nai B'rith, but financial responsibility was taken on by the Federation of Jewish Agencies (FJA) shortly thereafter.
The administrative structure has undergone only minor revisions over the years. The Board of Directors, the body responsible for setting and controlling the Council's agenda, consists of officers, all past presidents, honorary members, organizational delegates, and chairpersons of the standing committees and neighborhood divisions. The body of officers consists of the executive director, a president, a vice-president, a secretary, a treasurer, and anyone else the Board sees fit to add.
Initially, the JCRC created five departments, each targeting different issues or covering certain administrative functions. The departments grew through the late-1940s and later morphed into what were termed "committees." In 1968, the committees were reorganized under the direction of five commissions. This allowed the directors of commissions to handle administrative tasks while freeing up individual committees to focus more on working with neighborhood divisions and their communities. The committees' charges were not changed much during the reorganization. Commissions, committees, and departments were tasked with conducting research while working with allied organizations and community groups to provide the Board with program plan and implementation recommendations along with progress reports on programmatic activities.
The JCRC's mission and scope were defined in the 1964 by-laws as, "...help[ing] members of all religious, racial and ethnic groups to work and live together democratically and cooperatively by equalizing their treatment, enlarging their opportunities and deepening their mutual appreciation." The JCRC sought to achieve these ideals through combating antisemitic violence and propaganda; promoting education, religious freedom, and intergroup relations; exposing and opposing organized hate movements whose goals were to disrupt American democracy; and as the JCRC put it, "...further[ing] general public acceptance and practice of the principles promoting human dignity, individual rights and fraternal relationships across religious, racial and ethnic lines and groups."
Though the JCRC's wider mission has seen little change during their history, their programs and priorities have shifted over time. The primary focus at the JCRC's founding was exposing and counteracting antisemitic hate groups in America. Though fascism had been defeated in Europe, some hate groups and bigoted individuals continued to threaten the Jewish community. Thus, exposure of hate has been a central component of the JCRC's activities ever since. Aside from tracking hate groups throughout the 1940s, the JCRC also studied and strove to raise awareness of antisemitic practices in areas such as admissions practices in professional schools around the city.
During the 1950s, the JCRC sought to aid the Civil Rights Movement. The JCRC participated in in demonstrations and campaigns to raise awareness, promoted integration, and worked to strengthen Black-Jewish relations in Philadelphia. Their Research and Investigation Department served as an advocate for those that had experienced antisemitic or racial discrimination in education and employment and those who encountered racist real estate practices in and around the Philadelphia area. The 1950s also saw the JCRC's increased awareness of the plight of Soviet Jews.
In the 1960s, the JCRC continued to work on Black-Jewish relations and civil rights and civil liberties protection around the city. Changing demographics in predominately Jewish neighborhoods and the tensions that followed caused some members of the community to fear their new neighbors. One of the ways the JCRC sought to ease these fears was by establishing the Black-Jewish Loan Fund. This program offered financial and other assistance to encourage the selling of Jewish-owned businesses to black proprietors in an effort to maintain stability and continuity in the neighborhood. It was also during this time that the JCRC began to shy away from working with people and groups they considered too radical. This included much of the Black Power Movement and some members of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). It was also around this time that the JCRC's scope broadened to include more international issues. In addition to continuing to raise awareness and support for Soviet Jewry, the JCRC intensified their attention toward Israel and became more invested in the discussion of Israel's place in the geo-political landscape.
By the mid-1970s, the JCRC had greatly reduced their focus on urban policy issues while shifting the bulk of their efforts toward Soviet Jewry, Holocaust remembrance and education, and Israel. They distributed Holocaust education materials; held Holocaust remembrance ceremonies, most notably through the Memorial Committee for the Six Million Jewish Martyrs; organized rallies to support Soviet Jews and protest the Soviet Union; collected aid for the Refuseniks; supported boycotts of western nations considered hostile toward Israel; and encouraged pro-Israel student groups on campuses around the city. The 1980s saw continued focus on Soviet Jewry. The JCRC organized and participated in trips to the Soviet Union, usually through the Soviet Jewry Council, designed to improve relations and better the treatment of the Refuseniks. This remained the JCRC's primary concern through the fall of the Soviet Union as many displaced Jews came to the United States. They worked through the mid-1990s on providing assistance and advice to immigrants and refugees on assimilating.
The Jewish Community Relations Council is still in existence and is now a department of the Jewish Federation of Greater Philadelphia.
Jewish Community Relations Council of Greater Philadelphia Records document the formation, administrative function, programs, activities, and the history and staff of the JCRC. The collection is comprised of organizational and administrative records; correspondence; reports; financial records; printed ephemera; press releases, kits, and clippings; research material; and audiovisual and photographic material. The JCRC's primary concerns of safeguarding the rights of Jews, fighting antisemitism and racial discrimination in all forms, and working in the broader community on behalf of the common good are well represented. These records place the JCRC within the context of the Philadelphia Jewish community and the Jewish community at-large. They also cover JCRC's relationships with constituent agencies and like-minded organizations around the country. The bulk of the records span JCRC history from its founding in 1939 through the mid-1990s.
Documents pertaining to the JCRC's structure, internal workings, and history include by-laws, organizational histories and annual reports. Correspondence and meeting materials found throughout the collection offer insight into decision-making processes and illuminate areas of focus while press materials and statements make clear official positions. Reports, plans, and memoranda concentrate on how programs were developed, communicated, and implemented in local communities. Case files provide unique insight into the dynamics between minority and non-minority communities in the city through eyewitness reports, investigator notes, newspaper clippings, and correspondence with allied groups and law enforcement.
Subject strengths of the collection include the struggle against antisemitism and racism in any form including violence, genocide, vandalism, propaganda, and derogatory statements; or in any aspect of society such as education, elections, employment, housing, immigration, politics, public accommodations, the media, and culture. Other well-documented subjects include civil rights, civil liberties, religious freedom, prayer in schools, interreligious relations, social aspects of the Philadelphia Jewish community, the relationship between the black and Jewish communities in Philadelphia, changing demographics in once predominately Jewish neighborhoods, Holocaust remembrance, Soviet Jewry and the Refuseniks, the relationship between the state of Israel and Jews in the United States, city and federal politics, hate groups, fascism in America, and isolationism and hyper-nationalism around WWII.
Researchers interested in particular activities or projects of the JCRC may want to begin by consulting Series 2: Commissions, committees, and departments and Series 6: Subject files to gather specific details contained in relevant subject files. Researchers should then use names, dates, or locations to search folder lists for related records in Series 1: Board of Directors' records and Series 3: Neighborhood divisions. Researchers interested a specific timeframe should start with the officers' files, meeting materials, and press material in Series 1: Board of Directors' records, which are arranged chronologically. These records offer a near complete picture of the JCRC's interests, activities, and workflow at any one time in their history.
The collection is arranged into 8 series as follows:
- Series 1: Board of Directors' records, 1939-1995, bulk 1944-1995
- Subseries 1.1: Officers' files, 1939-1995
- Subseries 1.2: Meeting materials, 1948-1989
- Subseries 1.3: Reports, plans, policy documents, organizational histories, 1943-1995, undated
- Subseries 1.4: Media notices and press material, 1944-1994
- Subseries 1.5: Financial records, 1944-1989
- Subseries 1.6: Philadelphia Fellowship Commission records of Maurice Fagan, 1948-1962
- Series 2: Commissions, committees, and departments, 1943-1996
- Series 3: Neighborhood divisions, 1948-2004, bulk 1953-1996
- Series 4: Soviet Jewry Council records, 1969-1997, bulk 1974-1992
- Series 5: Research and Investigation Department records, 1938-1985, bulk 1943-1967
- Subseries 5.1: Case files, 1944-1967
- Subseries 5.2: Harry Rosenthal files, 1938-1985, bulk 1943-1962
- Subseries 5.3: Index cards, 1939-1967, bulk 1939-1962
- Series 6: Subject files, 1920-2004, bulk 1939-1995 (Portions restricted)
- Series 7: Photographs and slides, 1940-1992
- Series 8: Audiovisual, 1948-1996
Donated by the Jewish Community Relations Council of Greater Philadelphia in 1976-1977, 1981-1987, 1992-1994, 2000, and 2006. Collection previously administered by the Philadelphia Jewish Archives Center, acquired by Temple in June 2009.
Collection processed and finding aid prepared in January-October 2018 by Casey Babcock, Project Archivist and 2016-2017 by Kenneth Cleary, Project Archivist, with assistance from Resident Librarian Urooj Nizami in 2018, and student assistants Victoria Nichols and Fiona Fackler. Initial processing conducted by Philadelphia Jewish Archives Center staff during which nearly all folders were replaced and relabeled. Finding aid revised in September 2020 by Casey Babcock, Project Archivist.
Some folder titles throughout the collection were edited by the archivists for the sake of clarity and description enhancement. This involved the addition of formats and names along with the rearrangement of descriptive words used.
Folder titles in the Series 6 inventory were provided by JCRC or applied by the Philadelphia Jewish Archives Center staff. In certain instances, researchers will find language in these folder titles that is antisemitic, bigoted, or racially insensitive. The archivist retained the folder titles because they accurately reflect the language used by the JCRC within the documents and the context in which the records were created. Text written by the archivist in the finding aid, such as the description of collection and series descriptions, does not include this language except when quoting directly from a document within the collection which may aid understanding or discoverability. The archivist adhered to institutional policy that prescribes archivist-supplied text in the finding aid be inclusive and appropriate for a modern context.
The level of description varies by series and subseries. Series and subseries are described at either the folder level or the box level.
People
Organization
- Fellowship Commission (Philadelphia, Pa.)
- Jewish Community Relations Council of Greater Philadelphia
- Memorial Committee for the Six Million Jewish Martyrs (U.S.)
- Philadelphia Anti-Defamation Council
- Philadelphia Jewish Community Relations Council
- Soviet Jewry Council (Philadelphia, Pa.)
Subject
- African Americans--Relations with Jews
- Anti-Jewish propaganda
- Antisemitism
- Arab-Israeli conflict
- Blacks--Relations with Jews
- Civil rights--Soviet Union
- Civil rights--United States
- Communism--United States
- Community colleges--United States
- Discrimination in education--United States
- Discrimination in employment--United States
- Discrimination in housing--United States
- Discrimination--Religious aspects
- Extremists
- Freedom of religion
- Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Anniversaries, etc
- Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)-Remembrance
- Jewish-Arab relations
- Jewish college students
- Jewish merchants
- Jewish neighborhoods--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia
- Jews--Dietary laws
- Jews--Identity
- Jews--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia
- Jews--Persecutions
- Jews--Soviet Union
- Jews--United States
- Jews--United States--Attitudes toward Israel
- Jews--United States--Charities
- Jews--United States--Intellectual life
- Jews--United States--Newspapers
- Jews--United States--Politics and government--20th century
- Jews--United States--Social conditions
- Jews--United States--Societies, etc
- Municipal charters--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia
- Neo-Nazism
- Public schools--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia
- Radio stations--Licenses
- Refuseniks
- Religion and state--United States
- Religion in the public schools--United States
- Religions--Relations
- Subversive activities--United States
- Terrorism--Islamic countries
- Terrorism--Israel
- World War, 1939-1945--Jews--United States
- Publisher
- Temple University Libraries: Special Collections Research Center
- Finding Aid Author
- Machine-readable finding aid created by: Rajkumar Natarajan, Sky Global Services India (P) Ltd.
- Finding Aid Date
- May 2024
- Sponsor
- Funding for processing a portion of this collection was provided by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission to the Philadelphia Jewish Archives Center.
- Access Restrictions
-
Collection is open for research. Access to records on the sale of businesses in Series 6 is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation due to the presence of personally identifying information.
- Use Restrictions
-
The Jewish Community Relations Council of Greater Philadelphia Records are the physical property of the Special Collections Research Center, Temple University Libraries. The creator/donor has not assigned its rights to Temple University Libraries. Other creators' intellectual property rights, including copyright, belong to them or their legal heirs and assigns. Researchers are responsible for determining the identity of rights holders and obtaining their permission for publication and for other purposes where stated.
Collection Inventory
Series 1: Board of Directors' records, 1939-1995, bulk 1944-1995, consists of documents created and maintained by members of the JCRC's Board of Directors. Documents include correspondence, memoranda, meeting minutes, reports, press releases, and financial records. Subjects cover the range of the JCRC's concerns including antisemitism; Soviet Jewry; the security of Israel; religious freedom and civil liberties; global, national, and local human rights; discrimination in education, employment, and housing; the relationship between the black and Jewish communities; Jewish merchants and residents in local neighborhoods; public schools; and internal JCRC business. Also included are Philadelphia Fellowship Commission records that were created and maintained by Maurice Fagan during his tenure as JCRC Executive Director. This series is arranged into six subseries: Subseries 1.1: Officers' files; Subseries 1.2: Meeting materials; Subseries 1.3: Reports, plans, policy documents, organizational histories; Subseries 1.4: Media notices and press material; Subseries 1.5: Financial records; and Subseries 1.6: Philadelphia Fellowship Commission records of Maurice Fagan.
Subseries 1.1: Officers' files, 1939-1995, contains material documenting the tenures of executive directors, presidents, vice presidents, and various other officers on the JCRC Board of Directors. The bulk of the documents consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence though memoranda, remarks, speeches, and hand-written notes are also included in the folders labeled "general files." Correspondents include notable city and state politicians, representatives of prominent organizations, and individuals in the Jewish community such as National Jewish Community Relations Advisory Council (NJCRAC) leaders Arnold Aronson and Isiah Minkoff; American Jewish Congress executive Solomon Andhil Fineberg; Jewish Community Relations Council (Pittsburgh, Pa.) Executive Director Lillian Adlow Friedberg; Rabbi Harold Goldfarb; Temple University Professor Franklin Littell; American Jewish Committee director Edwin Lukas; lawyers Leo Pfeffer and Murray Shusterman; Reform movement leader Albert Vorspan; Senators Joseph S. Clark, Jr. and Sen. Richard Schweiker; House Representatives Lawrence Coughlin, Joshua Eilberg, John Heinz, and Herman Toll; Philadelphia City Council President Paul D'Ortona; and multiple Philadelphia mayors. While the majority of the material pertains to JCRC business, a small amount of personal correspondence of officers was also interfiled. This subseries is arranged chronologically.
Though the bulk of officers' correspondence can be found within this subseries, a significant amount of their topic-specific correspondence can also be found in Series 6: Subject files. Additional correspondence of the Executive Committee can be found in Series 2: Commissions, committees, and departments.
Subseries 1.2: Meeting materials, 1947-1989, includes meeting minutes, agendas, attendance records, memoranda, notices, and summaries from a variety of meetings involving officers. Reports prepared by committees and neighborhood divisions and submitted to the Board for their consideration are also included with the minutes and agendas. In addition, some correspondence regarding meeting planning and implementation of programs and policy post-meeting are also included. Official Council policies, statements, and program plans were determined at these meetings and the minutes and surrounding documentation offer insight into shifts in the JCRC's areas of focus. Personnel and financial business was also discussed in addition to the JCRC's external business. Meetings covered include Board of Directors, Executive Committee, annual dinner, and numerous specially convened meetings. This subseries is arranged chronologically.
Though a small amount of JCRC committee, commission, and neighborhood division meeting minutes and reports are interfiled in this subseries, the bulk of these are contained within Series 2: Commissions, committees, and departments and Series 3: Neighborhood divisions.
Subseries 1.3: Reports, plans, policy documents, organizational histories, 1943-1995, contains annual reports and program plans, official statements of the Board dictating JCRC public stances and policy, histories of the JCRC intended for informational and promotional purposes, and important organizational documents such as the original by-laws and future revisions. Program plans were generated by the Board and include areas of focus and dictate courses of action for committees and neighborhood divisions to follow. Annual reports recap what the JCRC considered to be program successes and achievements over the past year. This subseries is arranged alphabetically by title and subject.
Additional official statements can be found in the news releases in Subseries 1.4: Media notices and press material.
Subseries 1.4: Media notices and press material, 1944-1994, consists of press releases, advisory notices, and press kits; and JCRC newsletters Backgrounder and Action Alert. A small amount of newspaper clippings are also included. The releases, notices, and newsletters contain official statements and positions of the JCRC, describe council-wide program plans and committee and neighborhood division activities, pledge support for non-JCRC activities and causes and groups, publicize events, and notify the media of any changes to the JCRC's operation or structure. This subseries is arranged alphabetically by document type.
Subseries 1.5: Financial records, 1944-1989, contains annual budgets and financial statements which detail the JCRC operating and program costs, revenue generated, and monetary donations. This subseries is arranged alphabetically by document type.
Subseries 1.6: Philadelphia Fellowship Commission records of Maurice Fagan, 1948-1962, contains Philadelphia Fellowship Commission records that were created and maintained by Maurice Fagan during his tenure as JCRC Executive Director. Fagan served both the JCRC and the PFC out of the same office and had one administrative assistant handle all of his files, which resulted in PFC and JCRC records becoming interfiled. The bulk of the PFC records consist of meeting minutes, correspondence, crime statistics, reports of violent antisemitic or racist incidents, and printed material all related to the PFC's Committee on Community Tensions. Subjects of note include the relationship between the police department and the community, media coverage of community tension, and fund raising efforts for the further study of balancing federal and local law enforcement responsibilities with the needs of local communities. Some material documenting the PFC's work on civil rights and combating employment discrimination are also included. This subseries is arranged alphabetically subject.
Researchers looking for additional materials on crime statistics and reports on incidents of antisemitism and racism should see Series 5: Research and Investigation Department records. Additional documents pertaining to the JCRC's work with the PFC are found in Series 6: Subject Files.
Series 2: Commissions, committees, and departments 1943-1996, contains the records of the JCRC's various commissions, committees, and departments. The focus of each commission, committee, and department is usually clearly reflected in their name. Subjects covered by these bodies include the Civil Rights Movement; school desegregation; religious discrimination; prayer in public schools; Holocaust remembrance and education; Soviet Jewry; Arab–Israeli relations; and internal JCRC policy such as by-law revisions, administrative reorganization, and promotion and outreach, among others. Documents included consist of correspondence with the Board of Directors, neighborhood divisions, constituent agencies, and members of the community; meeting agendas and minutes; reports generated for the Board; memoranda; background research; newsletters; and publicity material. This series is arranged alphabetically by name.
Researchers should bear in mind that many committees and commissions changed their names and scope over time. For example, researchers should consult the records of both the Committee on Schools and the Schools Committee when conducting research on public and private education. Additional correspondence and meeting minutes of the Executive Committee are located in Series 1: Board of Directors' records. Records of the Research and Investigation Department can be found in Series 5: Research and Investigation Department records.
Series 3: Neighborhood divisions, 1948-2004, bulk 1953-1996, consists of records of the JCRC's various neighborhood divisions. Neighborhood divisions were responsible for keeping neighborhood institutions, leaders, and residents informed of JCRC causes and initiatives while helping to foster cooperation across all members of the community working toward the shared goal of neighborhood improvement. The work and areas of focus of the neighborhood divisions were a reflection of the program plans established by JCRC officers and the Board of Directors. Though subjects and document types are nearly identical between divisions, the specifics are unique to the needs and concerns of each neighborhood. Subjects documented include civil rights and civil liberties; housing, education, and employment discrimination; access and availability of public accommodations; changing neighborhood demographics; tensions between residents; vandalism and violence; community service; and the separation of church and state, particularly in public schools. As the JCRC moved into more international concerns in the 1970s and 1980s, the neighborhood divisions followed suit and worked to sponsor events and raise awareness of antisemitism around the world. Documents within this series include correspondence between division delegates, JCRC officers, neighborhood leaders, local legislators, and others; delegate and Executive Committee meeting minutes and notices; notes from meetings and public forums; material for conferences, events, and programs; photographs of events; news releases; and surveys and questionnaires on neighborhood concerns.
This series is arranged alphabetically by division name. Neighborhood divisions changed in shape and name over the years. For example, Germantown, West Oak Lane became Northwest in the early 1970s. Main Line, Suburban became Main Line, Delaware County which ultimately became Suburban West in 1994. Researchers should bear this in mind when reviewing documents from specific divisions.
Researchers should see Subseries 1.3: Reports, plans, policy documents, organizational histories for reports from neighborhood divisions to the Board on program plan progress. For documents from the Standing Committee of Neighborhood Divisions, a meeting of delegates from each neighborhood division, see Series 2: Commissions, committees, and departments. For additional material on specific neighborhood divisions, see Series 6: Subject files.
Series 4: Soviet Jewry Council records, 1969-1997, bulk 1974-1992, contains administrative records, correspondence, newspaper clippings, press releases, photographs, financial records, and other documents related to the activities of the Soviet Jewry Council (SJC) of the JCRC. Materials pertain to the Council's efforts to increase awareness and understanding of the plight of Soviet Jews through demonstrations such as the annual Simchat Torah Rally and their raising of funds to aid Soviet Jews and the SJC mission through events like the Silent No More Benefit Dinner. Notable records include those documenting individual Refuseniks and the United States' attitudes and actions toward the Refusenik movement; the social, political, and physical conditions of Soviet Jews; notable figures related to the Soviet Jewry cause including long-time SJC associate director Eileen Sussman; and projects and programs like the Twinning Program and Project Manna. Photographs of Refuseniks, SJC demonstrations and trips, and Soviet Jewry awareness and charity events are also included. The SJC's work with allied organizations that aided in the advocacy for Soviet Jews, such as the National Conference on Soviet Jewry, is also represented in this series. The bulk of the records date from just prior to the Soviet Jewry Council's creation in 1974 to the mid-1990s, which covers the state of Russian Jewry in the years immediately after the fall of the Soviet Union. This series is arranged alphabetically subject.
Additional JCRC Soviet Jewry material dated prior to the formation of the Soviet Jewry Council of the JCRC can be found in the correspondence of Rabbi Maurice S. Corson, Director of International and Interreligious Programming, in Series 1: Board of Directors' records; the Commission on International Concerns records, Youth Committee records, and records of the Committee of 1000 for Soviet Jewry in Series 2: Commissions, committees, and departments; and in Series 6: Subject files.