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Max Tishler Papers
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Held at: Science History Institute Archives [Contact Us]315 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the Science History Institute Archives. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
Overview and metadata sections
Max Tishler was an American chemist, pharmaceutical industry executive, and chemistry professor. Born in Boston, Massachusetts on October 30, 1906, Tishler was introduced to chemistry at a young age when he took a job as a pharmacist's assistant. In this capacity, he packaged and delivered drugs in Boston during the Flu Pandemic of 1918. This experience left a lasting impression upon him and prompted him to seek a career in the health care field. Tishler earned his bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Tufts University (1928) and his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from Harvard University (1934). After obtaining his doctorate, he remained at Harvard for a time, serving as a Research Associate (1934-1936) and Instructor of Chemistry (1936-1937).
Tishler went to work in the pharmaceutical industry in 1937 when he accepted a Research Chemist position at Merck and Company, Incorporated. He went on to enjoy a distinguished 33-year career with this firm, where he played an instrumental role in a number of pharmaceutical innovations. His first project at Merck was the development of a practical method for large scale production of riboflavin (Vitamin B2). During World War II, he oversaw Merck's successful mass production of the antibiotic penicillin. During the 1940s, Tishler led the research team that developed a method of synthesizing the anti-inflammatory drug cortisone. Over the course of his career at Merck, he also led the firm's development of vaccines against measles, mumps, and German measles, and drugs for the treatment of heart disease, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, and clinical depression.
While leading Merck and Company's efforts to develop innovative new drugs, Tishler rose through the firm's corporate hierarchy, serving as Section Head in Charge of Process Development (1941-1944), Director of Development Research (1944-1953), Vice President and Executive Director of Science Activities (1954-1956), and President of Merck, Sharp, and Dohme Research Laboratories (1957-1969). He retired from Merck and Company in 1970 as the firm's Senior Vice President of Research and Development.
After retiring from Merck and Company, Tishler joined Wesleyan University's Chemistry Department faculty in 1970. Serving as Professor of Chemistry (1970-1972), University Professor of the Sciences (1972-1973), Chairman of the Chemistry Department (1973-1975), and University Professor of the Sciences, Emeritus (1975-1989), he taught chemistry courses and continued to make significant contributions in the chemical research field. Tishler was also founder of the Peter A. Leermakers Symposium, a chemistry symposium that brings eminent chemists to the Wesleyan University campus.
A prolific inventor, Max Tishler was awarded over one hundred patents, including those for the synthesis of riboflavin (Vitamin B2) and the poultry antibiotic sulfaquinoxaline, the two inventions for which he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1982. He was also recipient of a number of prestigious awards for his work in chemistry, including, but not limited to, the Industrial Research Institute Medal (1961), the Chemical Industry Medal (1963), the Joseph Priestly Medal (1970), and the National Medal of Science (1987). In addition to his work at Merck and Company and Wesleyan University, Tishler was an active member of a number of scientific organizations, including, but not limited to, the American Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry.
Max Tishler passed away on March 18, 1989
Sources
Max Tishler Papers, Science History Institute Archives, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The Max Tishler Papers contain the personal papers of American chemist Max Tishler. The collection is arranged into the following nine series:
- Correspondence
- Riboflavin Research Files
- Subject Files
- Printed Materials
- Books
- Audio-Visual Materials
- Artifacts
- Oversized
- Photographic Materials
The Max Tishler Papers were donated to the Science History Institute (formerly the Chemical Heritage Foundation) by Carl Tishler and Peter Tishler in two accretions: June 2014 and May 2021.
The Max Tishler Papers were processed by Kenton G. Jaehnig in August 2015 and August 2022.
Organization
Subject
- Publisher
- Science History Institute Archives
- Finding Aid Author
- Finding aid created and encoded into EAD by Kenton G. Jaehnig
- Finding Aid Date
- August 2015 and August 2022
- Access Restrictions
-
There are no access restrictions on the materials for research purposes and the collection is open to the public.
- Use Restrictions
-
The Science History Institute holds copyright to the Max Tishler Papers. The researcher assumes full responsibility for all copyright, property, and libel laws as they apply.
Collection Inventory
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this series contains Max Tishler's personal and professional correspondence. Files containing congratulatory correspondence regarding Tishler's promotion as Merck and Company's Senior Vice President of Research and Development, his retirement from Merck and Company, and his receiving the National Medal of Science, make up the largest portion of this series. This series also contains Max Tishler's correspondence with a handful of individuals, including American chemist Homer B. Adkins and Harvard University president James B. Conant. Files containing Tishler's correspondence with several organizations, including his employers (Merck and Company, Incorporated and Wesleyan University), school alma maters (Tufts University and Harvard University), and scientific organizations (The Chemical Society and New York Academy of Sciences) are also found in this series. A file of correspondence received by Max Tishler's wife Elizabeth Tishler and a handwritten letter from Nobel Laureate Albert Schweitzer to John Wilson (Sales Control Manager of Merck and Company, Incorporated's Chemical Division) are preserved here as well.
The contents of the Correspondence files consist mainly of letters. A small amount of accompanying materials, including, but not limited to, copies of speeches, copies of articles, article reprints, and a few photographs are found in these files as well.
Includes 4 unidentified 3 ½ x 4 ¼ black and white photographs.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this series contains Max Tishler's Riboflavin Research Files. The files in this series document Tishler's development of a method for the large-scale production of riboflavin (Vitamin B2) at Merck & Company, Incorporated. Tishler was awarded a United States Patent (#2,370,093) for this invention in 1945.
This series contains Max Tishler's research notebook documenting his work on his method for the large-scale production of riboflavin. A small amount of materials accompanying the research notebook, including a photocopied journal article, photocopied notebook pages, correspondence, handwritten notes, reports of microanalysis, and a copy of United States Patent #2,370,093 are preserved here as well.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this series contains subject files pertaining to Max Tishler's life and career. Files pertaining to Tishler's extra-curricular activities, which include, but are not limited to, participation in professional conferences, attendance at social functions, and speeches, make up the largest of portion of this series. Files regarding honors and awards received by Tishler, including, but not limited to, honorary doctorates, medals, and honorary memberships, also make up a large portion of this series. A smaller, but noticeable, number of files regarding miscellaneous subjects connected to Tishler, including, but not limited to, patents awarded to Tishler, the Eastern Industrial Personnel Security Board's security clearance investigation of Tishler, and his father-in-law Emanuel L. Verveer are also found in the Subject Files. A handful of files regarding events held in Max Tishler's honor after his death, including Tishler's memorial service and symposiums, are preserved in this series as well.
The contents of the Subject Files consist of a wide variety of materials, including correspondence, legal documents, printed materials (programs, brochures, and fliers), copies of patents, speeches, award and membership certificates, and honorary doctorate diplomas. Notes, copies of articles, press releases, a few photographs, a scientific notebook, stationary, a memorial volume, and a small watercolor painting are found in these files as well.
Includes 2 5x7 black and white photographs of Max Tishler and Merck and Company officials.
Includes 1 8x10 black and white photograph of Max Tishler with Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science officials.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this series contains printed materials collected by Max Tishler over the course of his career. A large majority of the files in this series contain materials that are either written about or make mention of Tishler. A small amount of materials written and published by Tishler himself are also found in these files.
The materials in this series provide significant documentation of Tishler's career as it progressed. The files in this series also provide documentation of the activities of his longtime employer Merck and Company, Incorporated. To a limited extent, scientific research conducted by Tishler is documented in this series. A handful of subjects of interest to Tishler, both scientific and non-scientific, are represented in this series as well.
Periodicals, copies of newspaper articles, and magazine articles constitute a large majority of the materials found the Printed Materials series. Article reprints, miscellaneous publications printed by Merck and Company, and a few miscellaneous catalogs and brochures are preserved in this series as well.
Arranged alphabetically, this series contains books pertaining to Max Tishler. Copies of James B. Conant's The Chemistry of Organic Compounds and August Kekule's Lehrbuch de Organischen Chemistry (Volumes 1 and 2) are present in this series. Three commemorative volumes regarding Tishler's life and career, three bound volumes of United States Patents awarded to Tishler, and a bound oral history transcript of Tishler conducted by the Center for History of Chemistry are preserved here as well.
Arranged alphabetically by format and title, this series contains audio-visual materials which mainly pertain to the life and career of Max Tishler. Four 33 1/3 RPM phonograph records, which include two records each of Tishler's 1970 Priestly Medal speech and the 25th anniversary of the Merck Scientific Club respectively, are found in this series. Four VHS videotapes about Max Tishler himself, including one containing recorded newscasts regarding his receiving the National Medal of Science and a recording of his memorial service at Wesleyan University are also found here. One VHS videotape of short recordings produced by Merck and Company, Incorporated and one VHS videotape of selected episodes of the PBS television series American Visions are preserved in this series as well.
Includes accompanying manuscript of speech by Satoshi Omura.
Arranged alphabetically by format, this series contains personal artifacts belonging to Max Tishler. Two lapel pins, given to Tishler by the American Chemical Society and Tufts University respectively, are found in this series. Five medals awarded to Tishler, including his Joseph Priestly Medal and National Inventors Hall of Fame Induction Medal are also found in this series. Two plaques awarded to Tishler, by the American Chemical Society and National Inventors Hall of Fame respectively, are preserved here as well.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this series contains miscellaneous oversized items belonging to Max Tishler. Five award certificates, including one that accompanied Tishler's National Medal of Science, are found in this series. Three membership certificates awarded to Tishler by scientific organizations, including one from the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, are also in the Oversized series. Tishler's Registered Pharmacist Certificate from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, his Ph.D. diploma from Harvard University, and a magazine cover proof of Tishler from Chemical and Engineering News are preserved in this series as well.
Includes a copy of the first patent awarded to Max Tishler.
This series contains photographic materials, which mainly provide visual documentation of the life and career of Max Tishler. Many of the images in this series were used by Tishler's employers Merck and Company, Incorporated and Wesleyan University for publicity purposes. The contents of the Photographic Materials are arranged into the following three sub-series:
- Photographs
- Slides and Transparencies
- Photo Albums
Note – Item level cataloging may be available, consult Image Archives.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series consists of Max Tishler's photographs. A large majority of the photographs found in this sub-series are of Max Tishler himself, which include but are not limited to, portraits, images of Tishler with colleagues, students, and family members, and images of Tishler attending professional and social functions. A few photographs of Tishler's longtime employer Merck and Company, Incorporated are also found in this sub-series. A few images of Tishler's scientific colleagues and members of his family are preserved in this sub-series as well.
Photographs of various sizes make up the bulk of the materials in this sub-series. A small amount of accompanying materials, including correspondence, notes, and press releases are found in these files as well.
Note – Item level cataloging may be available, consult Image Archives.
Contains 3 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 4 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 2 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 1 8x10 black and white image.
Contains 3 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 1 3½ x 5 color image; 1 3¼ x 4½ black and white image; 1 3½ x 5 black and white image; 1 3½ x 4½ color image; 1 4¾ x 6¾ black and white image; and 3 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 1 8x10 black and white image.
Contains 3 5x7 color images.
Contains 4 4x5 black and white images and 11 8 x 10 black and white images.
Contains 4 5x7 color images.
Contains 6 5x5 black and white images and 19 5x7 black and white images.
Contains 10 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 4 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 14 3½ x 5 color images.
Contains 2 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 2 5x7 color images; 2 5x7 black and white images; and 1 8x10 black and white image.
Contains 1 8x10 black and white image.
Contains 3 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 3 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 5 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 1 8x10 black and white image.
Contains 2 5x7 black and white images and 5 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 1 5x7 black and white image; 3 5x8 black and white images; and 3 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 3 2¾ x 3½ black and white images; 3 4x5 black and white images; and 1 8x10 black and white image.
Contains 33 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 6 5x7 black and white images and 3 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 4 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 4 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 27 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 2 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 1 7x10 black and white image and 4 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 2 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 3 6½ x 10 black images and 2 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 3 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 13 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 1 2½ x 3½ color image; 1 3¼ x 4½ black and white image; and 8 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 2 3½ x 5 color images; 1 5x7 color image; and 1 8x10 color image.
Contains 12 3½ x 5 color images; 7 8x10 color images; and 1 8x10 black and white image.
Contains 2 2¼ x 3 black and white images; 1 2½ x 2¾ black and white images; and 3 3x3 black and white images.
Contains 6 4x5 black and white images and 3 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 6 5x7 black and white images and 5 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 3 5x7 black and white images.
Contains 2 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 2 7½ x 9¾ black and white images; 2 4x5 black and white images; and 8 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 2 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 4 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 20 3½ x 5 color images and 6 3½ x 5 black and white images.
Contains 95 4x6 color images; 16 3½ x 5 black and white images; and 27 5x7 color images.
Contains 14 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 3 6x8 black and white images.
Contains 6 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 2 5x7 black and white images.
Contains 1 3½ x 3½ color image; 3 6½ x 8¼ black and white images; 1 7¾ x 9¾ color image; and 6 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 4 3½ x 5 black and white images.
Contains 4 3½ x 5 color images; 1 4x6 color image; 1 5x7 black and white image; and 7 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 6 3½ x 5 color images.
Contains 9 3½ x 5 color images.
Contains 2 5x7 black and white images and 2 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 3 5x7 black and white images.
Contains 6 8x10 color images and 3 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 8 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 2 4½ x 6 black and white images.
Contains 4 2½ x 3½ color images and 4 3½ x 4¾ color images.
Contains 26 3½ x 5 color images and 1 8x10 color image.
Contains 19 3½ x 5 color images.
Contains 6 3¼ x 4½ color images.
Contains 3 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 1 3½ x 4¼ black and white image; 3 3½ x 5 color images; 1 8x10 color image; and 5 8x10 black and white images.
Arranged alphabetically by format and by subject, this sub-series contains Max Tishler's slide and transparency collection. A large majority of the images in this sub-series were either created by Tishler himself or prepared for him by Wesleyan University staff. A small number of images created by Merck and Company, Incorporated are also found here. Many of the slides in this sub-series were used by Tishler in his classroom and conference presentations.
Slides concerning scientific research conducted by Tishler make up the bulk of this sub-series, which include, but are not limited to, those of chemical equations, graphs, and slide show text and illustrations. A few slides pertaining to Alexander Fleming and the development of penicillin, and a few slides of flowers are also found in this sub-series. A handful of slides of Merck and Company facilities and two transparencies of a portrait painting of Max Tishler are found here as well.
Note – Item level cataloging may be available, consult Image Archives.
Contains 9 black and white slides and 3 color slides.
Contains 40 black and white slides.
Contains 11 black and white slides.
Contains 7 black and white slides and 1 color slide.
Contains 21 color slides.
Contains 16 black and white slides.
Contains 143 black and white slides and 30 color slides.
Contains 26 black and white slides.
Contains 10 black and white slides.
Contains 19 black and white slides.
Contains 4 black and white slides.
Contains 3 black and white slides and 3 color slides.
Contains 2 color transparencies.
This sub-series consists of the Max Tishler photo albums. The smaller photo albums are stored in Boxes 7-8 and are arranged alphabetically by subject. The larger photo albums are stored in Box 9 and are also arranged alphabetically by subject. Six of the photo albums in this sub-series were created during Tishler's lifetime and they document his participation in select special events (including the 25th anniversary of the Merck Science Club) and celebrations of select milestones in his career (including his receiving the Priestly Medal). The remaining four photo albums were created after Tishler's death and they document select symposiums held in his honor, which include the 8th and 10th Max Tishler Symposiums.
In terms of format, the contents of the individual photo albums consist mainly of photographs. A noticeable amount of accompanying materials, including, but not limited to, artwork, brochures, article clippings, and press releases are found with within the individual photo albums as well.
Note – Item level cataloging may be available, consult Image Archives.
Contains 6 3¼ x 4½ color images and 10 4 x 5¾ color images.
Contains 35 3½ x 5 color images; 1 5½ x 7½ color image; and 3 3½ x 6¼ color images.
Contains 16 3½ x 5 color images and 1 3½ x 6 color image.
Contains 15 5x7 color images; 1 5 x 6¾ color image; and 12 4x6 color images.
Contains 110 3x3 color images.
Contains 45 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 10 8x10 black and white images.
Contains 79 4½ x 6½ black and white images and 5 4½ x 6½ color images.
Contains 1 8½ x 8½ color image and 37 7½ x 9¼ color images.
Contains 54 7½ x 9¼ black and white images and 41 7½ x 9¼ color images.