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Commercial Solvents Corporation Records
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Held at: Science History Institute Archives [Contact Us]315 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the Science History Institute Archives. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
Overview and metadata sections
The Commercial Solvents Corporation was an American chemical and biotechnology company created in 1919. As early as 1917, the corporation began work in Terre Haute, Indiana. Terre Haute was selected as the home of CSC research because location at this plant made possible the convenient translation of new processes from laboratory and pilot-plant to full-scale production. CSC earned distinction as the pioneer producer of acetone and butanol by fermentation processes developed and patented by Dr. Chaim Weizmann. It developed the conversion of corn and other grains into ethanol by fermentation. They later produced riboflavin by microbial action.
In 1935, Purdue University, through its Purdue Research Corporation, licensed Commercial Solvents Corporation of Terre Haute, Indiana to make use of patents of Dr. Henry B. Haas dealing with the production of nitroparaffins from propane via commercial nitration. Haas and several of his assistants soon left Purdue to join CSC and CSC began constructing its first nitroparaffin pilot plant at Terre Haute in 1936-1937. Study of the results obtained were favorable and a development plant was constructed in Peoria, Illinois in 1940-1941. The war years put an end to active research and development as nitroparaffins were deemed to be of little military value. Adiabatic nitration experiments carried out at the Peoria plant during the years 1946-1948 revealed new commercial possibilities for nitroparaffins and CSC converted the wartime Dixie Ordinance Works at Sterlington, Louisiana into a plant for large-scale production of nitroparaffins and nitroparaffin derivatives. This plant, originally built in 1952-1953 was greatly expanded and modernized in 1974-1975.
As CSC grew it acquired two other manufacturers of explosives and explosives by-products, U.S. Powder and Trojan Powder Company, and it was itself acquired by International Mineral and Chemical Corporation (IMC) in 1975 after being merged with Sobin Chemicals, Incorporated to form the IMC Chemical Group. Over the years, the products of CSC have included specialty and commodity chemicals for industry, agricultural chemicals, animal health and nutrition products, industrial explosives, and carbon blacks. CSC remained an independent company until 1975 when it merged with the International Minerals and Chemical Corporation (IMC) and became a wholly-owned subsidiary of IMC.
Eventually, IMC bought Pitman-Moore, Incorporated, another company involved in animal products, and the Terre Haute plant changed its name to Pitman-Moore in 1987. Schering Plough bought out Pitman-Moore in 1998 and the plant's name was changed to Schering Plough Animal Health. The Terre Haute plant was permanently shut down on January 28, 2000.
Sources
Commercial Solvents Corporation Records, Science History Institute Archives, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Commercial Solvents Corporation Collection, Vigo County Public Library, Terre Haute, Indiana.
The Commercial Solvents Corporation Records contains the corporation's institutional records. This collection primarily deals with the production of nitroparaffins and nitroparaffin derivatives, an area in which Commercial Solvents Corporation was preeminent. The collection is arranged into the following three series:
- CSC Topical Files
- Personal Files (Richard S. Egly and Emory E. Toops, Jr.)
- Plant Plans and Processes
The Commercial Solvents Corporation Records were donated to the Science History Institute (formerly the Chemical Heritage Foundation) by the Egly family in 2005.
The Commercial Solvents Corporation Records were processed by Andrew Mangravite in 2016 and encoded into EAD by Samantha Brigher in 2021.
Organization
- Aerojet-General Corporation
- American Chemical Society
- American Institute of Chemical Engineers
- ASTM Committee E-27 on Hazard Potential of Chemicals
- Commercial Solvents Corp.
- Halliburton Company
- Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation
- Trojan Powder Company
- United States. Office of Naval Research
Subject
- Publisher
- Science History Institute Archives
- Finding Aid Author
- Finding aid created by Andrew Mangravite and encoded into EAD by Samantha Brigher.
- Finding Aid Date
- 2016
- Access Restrictions
-
There are no access restrictions on the materials.
- Use Restrictions
-
The Science History Institute holds copyright to the Commercial Solvents Corporation Records. The researcher assumes full responsibility for all copyright, property, and libel laws as they apply.
Collection Inventory
This series contains the CSC Topical Files. These files consist of technical and commercial materials, offering a good overview of what CSC was about. Of special interest are the Chemical Research Memorandum Reports (CRMR). Arranged by subject, this series consists of eleven boxes of two hundred thirty-seven files. The files are arranged in the following eleven sub-series:
- CSC General Files
- CSC Miscellaneous Files
- Explosives
- Liquid Explosives
- Methane Nitration/Propellants
- Nitroparaffins and Nitroparaffin Derivatives
- Nitroparaffin Plant Expansion
- Nitroparaffin Publications/Hydroxylammonium Sulfate/Plant Accidents
- Reports
- Tests and Testing Files
- Tris Amino/Tris Nitro
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series consists of one box of nineteen files. These files contain correspondence, proposals, notes, production plans, Chemical Research Memorandum Reports, memos, patents, and operating procedures.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series consists of one box of eighteen files. These files primarily concern chemical hazards and explosions, plant modifications and plans, and tests and test groups. The contents of the files include correspondence and survey maps.
See also Box 3 Folder 13.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series consists of one box of thirty-seven files. These files contain correspondence, memos, data, reports, and publications about explosives tests and the explosives industry.
See also Box 3 Folder 9.
See also Box 3 Folder 6.
See also Box 2 Folder 8.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series consists of one box of twenty-one files. These files contain correspondence, data, memos, plant plans, inspection information, and charts about explosive chemicals such as hydroxylammonium acid sulfate, nitroparaffins, and nitromethane-based liquid explosives.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series consists of one box of seventeen files. These files contain memos, reports, plans, reprints, data, and proposals about experiments with nitration and propellants.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series consists of one box of nineteen files. These files contain correspondence, memos, reports, patents, reprints, and notes about nitro-hydroxy compounds, nitroparaffin derivatives, studies of gases in water, and the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR).
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series consists of one box of twenty-three files. These files contain correspondence, memos, data, reports, plant plans, and overheads about experiments, CSC tests, and nitroparaffin plant expansions.
See also Box 9 Folder 5.
See also Box 7 Folder 20.
See also Box 7 Folder 9.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series consists of one box of thirty-four files. These files contain CSC publications about nitroparaffins, plant explosions and incidents, as well as correspondence, memos, and reports about hydroxylammonium sulfate, methazonic acid, nitroacetic acid, and nitromethane.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series consists of one box of sixteen files. These files contain minutes and reports from ASTM committee meetings, U.S. patents, testimony from Richard S. Egly, bibliographies, reprints, and reports about nitration, as well as research reports, correspondence, and memos about nitroparaffins.
See also Box 7 Folder 2.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series consists of one box of twenty-four files. These files contain data, papers, and programming cards about CSC tests, as well as memos, reprints, patents, and plant plans.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series consists of one box of ten files. These files primarily contain manuals and meeting notes about catalysts, Tris amino expansions, pharmaceutical-grade Tris amino, and Tris nitro special solutions.
This series contains the Commercial Solvent Corporation Records' Personal Files. These files concern the work done by Dr. Richard S. Egly, Associate Scientific Director and Emory E. Toops, Jr., a physical chemist in CSC's Technical Development Department. Dr. Egly joined CSC in 1940 and remained there until his retirement in 1976. He specialized in nitroparaffins and their derivatives. A great number of the Egly files concern the plant located in Sterlington, Louisiana. Arranged alphabetically by topic, this series consists of four boxes of ninety-five files. The files are arranged in the following two sub-series:
- Richard S. Egly Files
- Emory E. Toops, Jr. Files
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series consists of two boxes of forty-three files created by Richard S. Egly. These files contain American Chemical Society (ACS) members lists, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) materials, plant memos and plans, correspondence, data, tests, and publications about explosives, memos and patents about oil and gas wells, and notebooks belonging to Richard S. Egly.
See also Box 15 Folder 21.
Arranged alphabetically by topic, this sub-series consists of two boxes of fifty-two files created by Emory E. Toops, Jr. These files contain data reports about explosives, Nitroparaffin Startup meeting minutes, progress reports about nitroparaffin expansion, research reports, and proposals.
See also Box 15 Folder 26.
See also Box 13 Folder 6.
See also Box 15 Folder 19.
This series contains the CSC's Plant Plans and Processes files. Arranged in its original order, this series consists of two boxes of one hundred fifty-six files. These files contain schematics relating to construction of and subsequent modifications to CSC's Sterlington, Louisiana plant (formerly Dixie Ordinance Works).