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Arthur Krock Papers
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Arthur Krock (1886-1974) had a long and distinguished career as a journalist, working for much of his career as Washington correspondent and columnist for The New York Times. His column "In the Nation" was noted for its depth of information and analysis, especially on American politics. Krock also worked as a reporter and editor at several Louisville newspapers and the New York World.
Arthur Krock was born on November 16, 1886 in Glasgow, Kentucky to Joseph and Caroline (Morris) Krock. He began study at Princeton University in 1904, but was forced to leave after his first semester due to the financial difficulties of his family. He then attended college at the Lewis Institute in Chicago for two years, earning an Associate in Arts degree in 1906, and returned to Louisville with the intention of securing a newspaper job. He was hired as a reporter at the Louisville Herald, where he covered the national political conventions at Chicago and Denver, his first experience reporting on national politics, after which he was assigned to cover Kentucky politics. Krock had to leave the Herald in 1908 when the newspaper reorganized and worked briefly as a deputy sheriff in Jefferson Country, Kentucky before becoming night editor for the Associated Press in Louisville.
In 1910, Krock went to Washington, D.C. for the first time as Washington correspondent for the Louisville Times. In 1911, he became Washington correspondent for the Louisville Courier-Journal as well, both papers being edited and partly owned by the same man. In 1915, Krock returned to Louisville to serve as editorial manager on both papers, working for Colonel Henry Watterson. Krock traveled to France for the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, where he wrote syndicated articles for several newspapers and was one of the journalists who convinced the Peace Conference to open its sessions to the public. Krock was made an officer in the French Legion of Honor for his coverage of the conference.
Krock became editor in chief of the Louisville Times in 1919, which was purchased by Judge Robert W. Bingham. He took time off to assist the chairman of the Democratic National Committee of New York in 1920, the only time in his career that he participated directly in politics. Krock remained at the Louisville Times until the fall of 1923, when he left for New York after differing with Bingham over editorial policy. He first took a job outside of journalism, working in public relations as assistant for Will H. Hays, head of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America. While in this position, he was asked to write a few editorials by Frank I. Cobb, editor of the New York World, which lead to his appointment in 1923 as assistant to Ralph Pulitzer, president of the World. Krock remained there until 1927, when he left to join the editorial staff of The New York Times.
In 1932, Krock became the Times' Washington correspondent and head of the Washington bureau. Much of his subsequent writing was for his column "In the Nation," which is published on the Times' editorial page from 1933 until he retired in 1966, as well as writing on important events for the Times. His views on political, social, and economic issues were generally conservative, and "In the Nation" became widely regarded as a major voice of conservative America, while still maintaining independence from any political agenda. The column provided detailed information on current issues, along with critical analysis. In his writings, Krock supported the State Department's international policies, but beginning in 1936 became a critic of and authority on the economic policies of the Roosevelt Administration, the New Deal. Krock covered many fields, including foreign policy, but predominantly wrote about American politics. He wrote the "lead" story for the Times for every biennial election from 1932 to 1952. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1935 for his excellence as Washington correspondent for his coverage of the beginning of the New Deal, and won again in 1938 for his exclusive interview with President Roosevelt. He also received a special commendation from the Pulitzer awards board for his interview of President Harry S. Truman in 1950 and a special citation in 1955 for distinguished correspondence from Washington. Krock retired from The New York Times in 1966, but continued to go to his office at the bureau, working on several books. In 1968, he published Memoirs: 60 Years on the Firing Line. He also wrote The Consent of the Governed and Other Deceits (1971) and Myself When Young: Growing Up in the 1890s (1974).
Arthur Krock married Marguerite Polleys on April 22, 1911 and they had one son, Thomas Polleys Krock. Marguerite Krock died in 1938. Krock married Martha Granger Blair on June 14, 1939. She had two sons, William Granger Blair and Robert H. Blair, from a previous marriage. Krock died on April 12, 1974 at the age of 87.
The Krock papers document his journalism career, especially with The New York Times, and include his correspondence, his writings, and biographical materials. Krock's correspondence is with political figures, businessmen, academics, and his readers about American politics and government, journalism, and Krock's career. The papers also include memoranda by Krock recording his interactions with public figures as Washington correspondent for The New York Times. Other papers include photographs, biographical material, and memorabilia related to awards and other recognition Krock received for his journalism.
Please see the series descriptions in the contents list for additional information about individual series.
The following sources were consulted during the preparation of the biographical note: Belair, Felix, Jr. "60 Years a Journalist." The New York Times, April 13, 1974. "Krock, Arthur" from Current Biography. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1943.
This collection was donated by Arthur Krock in December 1968 and October 1969, with an addition from Lucian Pera in June 1982.
For preservation reasons, original analog and digital media may not be read or played back in the reading room. Users may visually inspect physical media but may not remove it from its enclosure. All analog audiovisual media must be digitized to preservation-quality standards prior to use. Audiovisual digitization requests are processed by an approved third-party vendor. Please note, the transfer time required can be as little as several weeks to as long as several months and there may be financial costs associated with the process. Requests should be directed through the Ask Us Form.
No appraisal information is available.
People
Organization
Subject
- Journalism -- Awards -- United States
- Journalists -- United States
- Journalists -- Washington (D.C.)
- New Deal, 1933-1939
- Newspaper publishing -- New York (N.Y.)
- Presidents -- United States -- Correspondence
- Political conventions -- United States
- Press and politics -- United States
- Pulitzer prizes
Place
- Publisher
- Public Policy Papers
- Finding Aid Date
- 1998
- Access Restrictions
-
Collection is open for research use.
- Use Restrictions
-
Single copies may be made for research purposes. To cite or publish quotations that fall within Fair Use, as defined under U. S. Copyright Law, no permission is required. For instances beyond Fair Use, any copyright vested in the donor has passed to The Trustees of Princeton University and researchers do not need to obtain permission, complete any forms, or receive a letter to move forward with use of donor-created materials within the collection. For materials in the collection not created by the donor, or where the material is not an original, the copyright is likely not held by the University. In these instances, it is the responsibility of the researcher to determine whether any permissions related to copyright, privacy, publicity, or any other rights are necessary for their intended use of the Library's materials, and to obtain all required permissions from any existing rights holders, if they have not already done so. Princeton University Library's Special Collections does not charge any permission or use fees for the publication of images of materials from our collections. The department does request that its collections be properly cited and images credited. More detailed information can be found on the Copyright, Credit and Citations Guidelines page on our website. If you have a question about who owns the copyright for an item, you may request clarification by contacting us through the Ask Us! form.
Collection Inventory
The Works series includes published copies of Krock's writings, as well as drafts and notes. Please see the subseries descriptions in the contents list for additional information about individual subseries.
Divided into three subseries: Memoranda, Publications, and Speeches.
Physical Description15 boxes
The Memoranda subseries is composed of notes written by Krock about conferences, conversations, and interviews he conducted while at The New York Times with presidents and presidential candidates, legislators, and other public officials. The memoranda describe political events in Washington, D.C. while he headed the Times Washington Bureau and wrote his column "In the Nation" for that newspaper. Subjects include the United States economy and monetary policies, presidential candidates, national security, foreign affairs, including relations with Japan and the Soviet Union, World War II, the Vietnam War, the Supreme Court, racial discrimination in the United States, the decisions and resignations of political figures, and the influence of Krock and other journalists upon politics. Also included are letters and memoranda sent to Krock on these topics. Krock referred to these as "the Black Books" because they are kept in black notebooks. Please note: this box contains photocopies of the original memoranda made for research use. The originals are located in Boxes 94-96.
Arranged chronologically.
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1 box
Re Prohibition plank in the Democratic platform
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Re Candidacy of Franklin D. Roosevelt for President
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Re Franklin D. Roosevelt and Alfred E. Smith as candidates for President
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Re National economic conditions
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Re China; Japan; Reporters and the press, etc.
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Re Warren Road Construction Bill
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Re Disarmament; China; Japan
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Re Philippine independence; War debts; World Court; Qualifications of Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt for the Presidency
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Re Prohibition; Philippine independence; National economy
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Re War debts; Philippine Bill; President-elect Roosevelt at the White House Conference; Republican Party; President Hoover's refusal to cooperate with Pierre Laval in his efforts to obtain consent from the United States to a security pact for France, etc.
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Re War debts
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[same as page 251, Re President Hoover's refusal to cooperate with Pierre Laval in his efforts to obtain consent from the United States to a security pact for France
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Re Emergency powers; Gold Standard; Bank deposits; Currency, etc.
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Re Monetary crisis as a subject of the coming World Economic Conference
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Re Emergency powers; Bank deposits; Currency, etc.
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Re Changes made after President Roosevelt objected to parts of Mr. Reynolds' speech
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Re Request for an interview with President Roosevelt which was declined because of a busy schedule
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Re Request for an interview and for guidance about dispatches concerning foreign policy
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Re Dispatches in The New York Times concerning war debts
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Re "Inner history" of the American delegation to the World Economic Conference
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Re Dispatches in The New York Times concerning bonds, war debts, Pennsylvania coal situation, etc.
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Re Newspaper influence on the confidence of readers in government monetary policy; Review of economic measures
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Re France; Japan; United States in the I.L.O.3 Trade; Adolf Hitler and the threat of war
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Re President Roosevelt's comments on interpretive news reporting
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Re Defense of an article by Arthur Krock about Sir John Simon in response to a letter of protest by President Roosevelt stating that Mr. Krock's publication had been a hindrance to friendly negotiations with the British
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Future prosperity in the United States; Preparations for war in Europe; United States relations with Japan; Relief program, etc.
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Re Words of praise by Mr. Lamont for the article by Arthur Krock about Sir John Simon
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Re President Roosevelt during an evening of relaxation
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Re Inaccuracies in an article on the budget by Mr. Catledge; President Roosevelt's personal relations with Arthur Krock; Canadian trade treaty; British fear of war, etc.
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Re Re-election of the President; Governor Lehman and the influence of anti-Semitism in the New York gubernatorial campaign; David E. Lilienthal and the TVA; London Economic Conference of 1933, etc.
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In which Turner Catledge is designated as Chief News Correspondent of the Washington Bureau, Delbert Clark is classified as Manager of the Washington Bureau, and Arthur Krock's title is given as Washington Correspondent of The New York Times
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Re An article by Mr. Catledge concerning a cut in the 1937 budget
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Re Program to change the personnel of the Supreme Court; also a letter from Stephen Early, 2/24/37, Re Suggestions for changes in Arthur Krock's article on the Supreme Court
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Re Republican Party; New Deal; President Roosevelt and "dictator talk," etc.
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Re Mr. Krock's account of the resignation of Ambassador Bingham, the appointment of Joseph P. Kennedy as Ambassador to Great Britain, and President Roosevelt's charge that "the premature publication may have hastened Bingham's death."
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Re Inaccuracies in Mr. Ludwigts description of the events leading to the nomination of Mr. Roosevelt for Vice President in 1920; Confirmation of Mr. Krock's account provided by James A. Farley who also contributed information concerning Mr. Roosevelt in the 1932 Convention
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Re A discussion of proposals, which were later dropped, to prevent or delay wage cuts by United States Steel Corporation
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Re Mr. Krock's role in securing the nomination to the Supreme Court for William O. Douglas with the aid of Frank Murphy
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Re A discussion between President Roosevelt and Mr. Farley concerning a third term
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Re Mr. Farley's candidacy for President, his relations with President Roosevelt, and the "Catholic issue"; John Nance Garner's candidacy for President and his opposition to President Roosevelt's third term
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Re Lack of organization in Mr. Willkie's bid for the Republican Presidential nomination
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Re An incident in August 1940, after Wendell Willkie had been approached by Archibald MacLeish, during which Arthur Krock advised Mr. Willkie as to what his response should be concerning the transfer by President Roosevelt of forty destroyers to the British Navy
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Re Resignation as Ambassador to Great Britain
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Re Japanese negotiations and the role of Secretary Hull in trying to gain time for the United States but "never as an appeaser of Japan"; His warning of a sudden Japanese assault which was useful in the Philippines and the Canal Zone but "Why it was not at Pearl Harbor Mr. Hull said he has no idea."
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Re Pre-war policy of the United States toward Japan and Secretary Hull's warning to the "War Council" of an imminent Japanese attack
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Re North Atlantic sea battle; Threat of a German invasion of Britain; Appraisal of Joseph Stalin; Fighting in Libya; War supplies for Turkey, etc.
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Re "Blueprint for War" drawn up at a meeting between President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill in the United States in May 1943
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Re Russia; North Africa; Bombing of Germany, etc.
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Re War in Burma; Chiang Kai-shek and China; Sicily; Alaska; Russia; Race problems in the United States Army, etc.
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Re "Bottleneck to the Western France invasion strategy" which is attributed to (1) insufficient supplies and (2) "Dunkirk psychosis on the part of the British"; Lack of cooperation by the RAF; Italian armistice, etc.
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Re A report of an indirect attempt by President Roosevelt to block Arthur Krock's news sources based in part upon information supplied by Edward R. Stettinius, Jr.
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Re Moscow negotiations
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Re Rumor of a "rift between Churchill and Stalin growing out of the Teheran conference"
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Re Attempts by Sumner Welles, Henry Wallace, and Milo Perkins to undermine the foreign policy of Cordell Hull; Teheran Conference and British responses to Joseph Stalin's demand for a second front
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Re Argentine policy; Morgenthau Plan, etc.
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Re Allied armies in Europe and Allied fleets in the Pacific; Chiang Kai-shek and China; Japan; Russia; Effect of manpower shortages in the United States on the Navy program of "assault shipping"
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Re Secretary Hull's illness; Morgenthau Plan
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Re Post-war economy; 1944 election; Morgenthau Plan; President Roosevelt's health
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Re Yalta Conference; Russia and Japan; Polish borders; Partition of Germany; Joseph Stalin's insistence that only the "Big Three" make decisions on ending the war; An understanding that the concern of the San Francisco Conference would be not to end the war but to prevent future wars
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Re Secretary Hull's health and his resignation; San Francisco Conference and Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., Argentina; James F. Byrnes, etc.
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Re Roles of Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., Harold Stassen, John Foster Dulles, Arthur H. Vandenberg, etc.
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Re Portal-to-portal cases in the Supreme Court; Personal relations of various Supreme Court Justices
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Re An account of the "Black-Jackson controversy" which appears in a biography of Robert H. Jackson by Mr. Gerhart
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Re Circumstances leading to the resignation of James F. Byrnes and the appointment of George C. Marshall as Secretary of State. Note: Pages 171-172 are the same as those originally assigned the numbers 173-174.
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Re British financial policy; Comments on the views of Dean Acheson, George C. Marshall, James F. Byrnes, and William D. Leahy
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Re General Eisenhower's views on inflation. [Please see also pages 289-294.]
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Re Taxes; Financing the European Recovery Program; British policy in Greece, Turkey, and Palestine
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Re European Recovery Program
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Re Differences among the United States, Britain, and France in the first years of the Roosevelt Administration; Role of Sir John Simon in United States relations with Britain
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Re Cost and administration of the Marshall Plan
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Re Joseph Stalin's health; France; England; Views of John Foster Dulles concerning Germany, etc.
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Re Thanks for various articles by Arthur Krock; Rearmament; Joseph Stalin; Republican campaign; President Truman's method of making decisions; Central Intelligence Agency; Demobilization, etc.
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Re Palestine, Zionist activities and anti-Semitism; Indoctrination School in the Armed Forces, etc.
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Re Prospects of a draft of Senator Vandenberg for President and the nomination of Thomas E. Dewey for Vice President
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Re Nomination of Thomas E. Dewey for President
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Re Republican Convention and background information about Arthur H. Vandenberg, Robert A. Taft, Thomas E. Dewey, etc.
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Re Failure to guard security in the press and in government in an article, 'If War Comes,' by Joseph and Stewart Alsop, Saturday Evening Post, September 11, 1948. [Please see also pages 207A-211. ]
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1 box
Re Secretary Symington's use of the word "constructive" to describe Arthur Krock's letter to James V. Forrestal about guarding national security in the press. [Please see also pages 206 -211.]
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Re Approval of Arthur Krock's letter to James V. Forrestal about guarding national security in the press. [Please see also pages 206-211.]
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Re Reply to Arthur Krock's letter about guarding national security in the press [on pages 206-207] and Secretary Forrestal's decision to take it up with the Chiefs of the Services. [Please see also pages 207A-211.]
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Re Risk to national security by those who released the plan, those who published it, and particularly by General Carl Spaatz whose remarks about how we will fight a war with Russia were repeated in the article. [Please see also pages 206-211.]
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Re Article, "If War Comes," by Joseph and Stewart Alsop, Saturday Evening Post, September 11, 1948, in which information that threatened security, initially questioned by Arthur Krock, was said to be chiefly the fault of the magazine which never cleared it with the Pentagon, etc. [Please see also pages 206-209.]
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Re Airlift and future measures favored by Messrs. Bevin, Clay, Dulles, Finletter, LeMay, Marshall, McNeil, Murphy, etc.
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Re A meeting with James V. Forrestal on March 29, 1949, and a report on Secretary Forrestal's illness
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Re Secretary Forrestal's last weeks in the hospital before his suicide
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Re Korea; Russia, Generals Bradley and MacArthur; Messrs. Harriman, Symington, Truman, etc.
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Re Information held in confidence by Arthur Krock but printed elsewhere
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Re Discussion of a procedure for reporting on the military situation
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Re Proposal for peace by the Chinese Communists; United States policy in the Far East and in Germany, etc Note: Page 232 is missing.
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Feasibility of Western Europe Land Defense Force; United States policy in Germany, China, and Korea, etc.
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Re President Truman's view that Russia will not start a war primarily because of an inadequate industrial machine and a shortage of oil; NATO; Point Four; Korea; etc.
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Re General MacArthur; Russia; United Nations; NATO, etc.
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Re Universal Military Training; President Truman; Generals Bradley and Eisenhower; Korean War; Russia; Winston Churchill, etc.
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Re General Eisenhower's agreement to accept the Republican nomination for President
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Re Henry Wallace's accusation that the editorial note in The Forrestal Diaries [Edited by Walter Millis, New York, Viking Press, 1951] about his approval of sharing atomic secrets with Russia was a "lie"; Recollections by Robert P. Patterson and John Snyder about the Cabinet meeting of September 21, 1945, at which atomic weapon policy was discussed
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Re Justice Douglas' permission to publish, if his own name were not revealed, an account of a conversation between President Truman and General Eisenhower; Also Arthur Krock's effort to check the story with Joseph Short, President Truman's Press Secretary, who, after publication, stated, "It is not true." [Please see also pages 262, 262A-H, 270-273, and 295.]
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Re President Truman's comments to Justice Douglas about his remarks on November 5, 1951, to General Eisenhower that "his offer of 1948 held good for 1952" to which General Eisenhower responded that he had real differences with the Democratic Party particularly over labor policy. [Please see also pages 262B-H. 270-273, and 295.]
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1 box
[pages 260-261], corrected and initialed by Justice Douglas
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Re Mr. Hagerty's confirmation of Arthur Krock's account of President Truman's efforts to bring General Eisenhower into Democratic politics. [Please see also pages 262, 262B-C,E-H. 270-273, a nd 295.]
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Re Mr. Royall's account of President Truman's efforts to make General Eisenhower President on the Democratic ticket. [Please see also page 262G.]
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Re Mr. Royall's request that his conversation with Arthur Krock [pages 262E-F] concerning President Truman and General Eisenhower not to be the subject of a newspaper article
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Re Remarks by President Eisenhower that former President Truman "invited me to run for President twice and for Vice President once, and yet he accused me (in 1952) of trying to misrepresent things." etc. [Please see also page 295.]
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Re President Truman and the Department of Justice "after revelations of corruption in the government"
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Re Details of changes and estimates of morale in the Department of Justice
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Re Resignation of Philip B. Perlman as Solicitor General on August 15, 1952
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Re Ambassador Davies' knowledge of President Truman's efforts to make General Eisenhower the Democratic nominee for President in 1948 and 1952, which confirmed a story published by Arthur Krock on November 8, 1951, but later denied by the Truman Administration. [Please see also pages 262, 262B-H, 273, and 295.]
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Enclosure of Arthur Krock's letter to Arthur Hays Sulzberger, 12/17/52 [pages 270-272], including Joseph E. Davies' account of President Truman's efforts to make General Eisenhower the Democratic nominee for President
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Re Egypt, including British preparations for war; Korea, outlook for a truce, and negotiations of the Korean situation with Jawaharlal Nehru, etc.
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Re Joseph R. McCarthy, Roy Cohn, and the division of opinion in the Administration "on how the President should deal with McCarthy"
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Re Arthur Krock's efforts to have an informal discussion with the two former Presidents on "The Lessons of The Presidency"
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Re Bricker Amendment
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Re Personal hostility between Felix Frankfurter and Arthur Krock; Also a letter from Mrs. Stanley F. Reed transmitting the note by Justice Frankfurter
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Re Suggestions from Arthur Krock for eliciting widest public interest in Mr. Stassen's assignment by the President of "ways to a durable peace"
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Re Formosa, Chiang Kai-shek, Quemoy and Matsu; Outlook for a Summit Meeting; Opposition to the Bricker Amendment; Foreign aid; "Leaks" and Arthur Krock's account of the 1947 dinner at the F Street Club [previously mentioned on pages 176-180] after which there was a "leak" of a distorted version of General Eisenhower's views on inflation, denied at the time by Arthur Krock
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Re Remarks by President Eisenhower that former President Truman had invited him to run for President and yet accused him of "misrepresenting things"; Also a note by Arthur Krock that this is a confirmation of "my Truman-Eisenhower story of November, 1951"
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Re President Eisenhower's illness and Vice President Nixon's intention to "minimize whatever my role is to be during the President's inactivity"
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Re Mr. Royall's account of President Truman's efforts to make General Eisenhower President on the Democratic ticket
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Re Violence during strikes; Newspaper shutdowns; Right to strike of civil employees, etc.
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Re Presidential campaign strategy; Hydrogen bomb tests; Suez, etc.
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Re Adlai E. Stevenson's campaign for President and former President Truman's opinion that Governor Stevenson's statements on the hydrogen bomb and the draft were "mistakes" about which he was not consulted; Comments about Estes Kefauver and Richard M. Nixon, etc.
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Re Suggestions from President Eisenhower and Secretary Dulles for a lecture on NATO to be given by Arthur Krock, including observations concerning the "unreasonable expectations of what the United States should provide" and the effect on NATO of the British-French-Israeli attack on Egypt; Also additional comments by President Eisenhower regarding Gamal Abdel Nasser
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Re Vice President Nixon's speech on foreign policy in the Middle East; Christian Herter's appointment as Under Secretary of State; Operations Coordinating Board, etc.
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Re Justice Reed's resignation from the Supreme Court, including his statement that he had supported President Roosevelt's plan to enlarge ("pack") the Supreme Court "by retirement of its members who had reached the age of 70 or, if they did not retire, of adding a new Justice"
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Re 5/23-24/57, President Eisenhower's illness and its effect during the past year on the conduct of the executive branch of the government; President Eisenhower's role in the selection of a Republican candidate for President in 1960; Mr. Adams' recommendations for a change in the organization of the White House staff, etc.
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Re An analysis of the reasons for a loss in public support of the Administration since the 1956 election because of the budget, farm policy, modern Republicanism, etc.; Little Rock disturbances and the effect on the Republican Party; Sputnik; Middle East; Mutual aid; Indonesia; Also comments by Mr. Carroll about a "new Nixon"
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Re The President's health after his latest illness
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Re Provision for the Vice President to take over the "duties and powers" but not the "office" of the President if or when the President is in a state of inability
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Re An incident revealing Sherman Adams' practice of making enemies
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Re Integration in Virginia
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Re Missiles including some comments about the capabilities of the United States and the Soviet Union
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Re President Eisenhower's plans for 1961; "Why He Ran"; His most cherished objective; Nikita Khrushchev; Proposed Geneva Conference; Christian Herter; Charles de Gaulle; Captive Nations Resolution; 1960 Presidential election; Attitude on the Presidency; Inflation and interest rates; Work habits and health; Labor, etc.
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Re President Eisenhower's comments concerning the Presidency, Fiscal affairs, Nikita Khrushchev; Charles de Gaulle, Christian Herter; Also "ground rules" for reporting the occasion; President Eisenhower's political philosophy; Qualities for public service; Cuba, etc.
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Re Nikita Khrushchev's comment about the availability of telephones in Russia which is cited by Arthur Krock as an example of his "sensitiveness" to any suggestion of Soviet inferiority; Speculation about the reasons for the postponement of the announcement on Berlin until after Nikita Khrushchev returned to Moscow; Remarks by President Eisenhower and Nikita Khrushchev about obtaining courteous treatment of foreign visitors, etc.
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"Plans for the coming visit of Nikita Khrushchev including security provisions; Possible Summit Meeting; Russia's fear of a united Germany; President Eisenhower's view that war is not imminent; Prospective Presidential nominees; National goals; Comments about Charles Bohlen, Lewis Strauss, etc.
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Re Possible proposals by President Eisenhower for changes in the organization of the Executive Branch including a "First Secretary of the Executive Department" to be placed over the Cabinet and the Secretary of State; Comments about Thomas S. Gates, Neil McElroy, and President Eisenhower's unfulfilled wish to appoint Gordon Gray as Secretary of Defense
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Re Presidential candidates John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon and the attitude in the Vatican that a Roman Catholic in the White House might do more harm than good to the Church; Future diplomatic relations between the United States and the Vatican; John Foster Dulles; Nikita Khrushchev, etc.
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Re Preparations for an Anglo-American response to a Soviet proposal to terminate tests; Report of a dispute between the President and the State Department on one side against the Atomic Energy Commission and the Pentagon on the other side over the system of inspection and other matters
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Re Richard M. Nixon; Nelson Rockefeller; Henry Cabot Lodge; Thomas E. Dewey; John F. Kennedy; Lyndon B. Johnson; Adlai E. Stevenson; Nuclear weapons testing and the Camp David communique with Harold Macmillan; Summit conference and Berlin; Supreme Court decision on racial desegregation and Justices Black, Brennan, Frankfurter, Harlan, Stewart, Warren, and Whittaker; Political philosophy; James B. Reston; Senators Bush, Byrd, Holland and Stennis, etc.
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Re Richard M. Nixon's campaign positions that he stated would not be popular with "influential groups" concerning civil rights, federal spending, minimum wage, etc., his comments on the postponement of an endorsement by Nelson Rockefeller, his denial that his internationalism is new or political, a campaign stand, in disagreement with President Eisenhower, that "the President alone can exercise ... moral leadership against racial discrimination, and should do so"; Lyndon B. Johnson's comments about J.W. Fulbright, Hubert H. Humphrey, John F. Kennedy, and Stuart Symington.
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Re Senator Kennedy's comments concerning the Summit conference and about Adlai E. Stevenson; Lyndon B. Johnson's remarks about sniping directed at him in the "Kennedy camp," etc.
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e.g. What were the "special reasons" for extending the flights after they were marked for suspension about May 30; Did none of the experts in the State Department and the CIA advise the executive high command to wait and see what more Premier Khrushchev knew about the U-2 flight before the "untruthful NASA and Herter statements?" etc.
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Re Cuba, Japan, and foreign affairs in general; Veto of the federal pay increase bill; Comments about Lyndon B. Johnson, John F. Kennedy, Richard M. Nixon, Nelson Rockefeller, etc.
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Re Stuart Symington as first choice for Vice President; A later decision by Thomas U. Corcoran and Edward H. Foley that John F. Kennedy would be defeated unless Lyndon B. Johnson was his running mate; Several attempts by Hale Boggs, Thomas G. Corcoran, and Edward H. Foley to obtain Sam Rayburn's approval of the nomination of Lyndon B. Johnson as Vice President; Senator Johnson's final eagerness to accept the nomination. [Please see also pages 346A, 347, and 347B.]
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Missing
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Re Military strategy reappraisal; A predicted missile gap which has not materialized, etc.
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Re Nuclear Testing Treaty; Nikita Khrushchev; Military aid for Vietnam "in all forms considered necessary by us, in consultation with the South Vietnamese Government"; Cuba and President Kennedy's lack of confidence in the Joint Chiefs of Staff; James R. Killian and the CIA Advisory Committee, etc.
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Re Possible compromise on Berlin and regret that David Bruce was not the West German ambassador; A statement by Arthur Krock that he witnessed the writing of Profiles in Courage by John F. Kennedy at Palm Beach to counter the charge of ghost-writing; President Kennedy's role in the recent Rules Committee fight and his relations with Congress; Comments on Representatives Albert, Boggs, McCormack, and Raines; Eugene Black, Douglas Dillon, and John A. McCone; Vietnam and (1) President Kennedy's view "that United States troops should not be involved on the Asian mainland" or in civil disturbances created by guerrillas and (2) his doubts that the "falling domino" theory had much point because the "Chinese Communists are bound to get nuclear weapons in time and from that moment on they will dominate South East Asia."
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Re President Kennedy's talks with Prime Minister Nehru and Indira Gandhi concerning Krishna Menon; President Kennedy's concern over whether "India can be kept non-Communist"; Comments on Henry Cabot Lodge and Adlai E. Stevenson
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Re Intra-Administration meetings and discussions beginning August 10, with a memo by John A. McCone expressing the "belief that installations of offensive M.R.B.M. weapons, at least, were designed for Cuba by the U.S.S.R." and ending October 14-19, with a report of pictures taken by low-flying pilots over Cuba, confirming John A. McCone's "warnings."
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Re President Kennedy's views that Richard M. Nixon should not have run for Governor of California, did so because he saw Nelson Rockefeller as a candidate in 1964, and would have been "up in front" if he had not run, just as Adlai E. Stevenson would have been nominated in 1956 if he had not run in the primaries.
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Missing
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Re Arthur Krock's decision "in view of the installment in the Post of President Johnson's biography by Booth Mooney," that "any publication at this time of the Foley-Boggs mission to Speaker Rayburn is outmoded and would be misunderstood"; Arthur Krock's expression of confidence that Edward H. Foley and Hale Boggs helped to persuade Sam Rayburn to give his consent to the nomination of Senator Johnson as Vice President. [Please see also pages 34, 347, and 347B.]
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Re A statement by Arthur Krock that he had interviewed the principals in the negotiations for the nomination, including Lyndon B. Johnson, his immediate convention staff, Hale Boggs, Thomas W. Corcoran, Edward H. Foley., D.B. Hardeman, and John McCormack. [Please see also pages 340, 346A. and 347B.]
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Re Arthur Krock's 1964 account of the details of the meetings to gain the approval of Speaker Rayburn for the nomination of Senator Johnson, involving Hale Boggs, Thomas W. Corcoran, and Edward H. Foley, previously held in confidence, now released "in consideration of President Johnson's open discussion of the matter"; Also Hale Boggs' recollection of an incident during the 1956 Democratic Convention in which he had been authorized by Lyndon B. Johnson and Sam Rayburn to inform Adlai E. Stevenson that either of them were available for the Vice Presidential nomination. Note: Page 347A was omitted in the original memoranda and 347B followed 347. [Please see also pages 340, 346A. and 347.]
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Re Vietnam and President Johnson's statement that we have no intention at this time of withdrawing and that we want other countries to participate openly, especially West Germany and India; Multilateral Force in NATO viewed by President Johnson as a measure to deter West Germany from seeking nuclear weapons; A possible visit to see Charles de Gaulle; Closing of domestic military bases; Legislative program to be centered on health, education, and poverty relief; Future Cabinet changes; Comments about Douglas Dillon, Nicholas Katzenbach, Robert C. McNamara, Dean Rusk, Edward Weisel, etc.
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Re Southeast Asia and a possible confrontation with Communist China; A reassembled Geneva Conference; President Johnson's habit of reaching executive decisions without listening "much" to Congressional leaders; Senator Fulbright's intention to speak out if Vietnam is to become "another Korea" and his view that the military increase in Vietnam by President Kennedy was a "regrettable decision"; Report of an incident in which President Johnson commented, "In a choice between Humphrey and General Taylor as our major strategist [in Vietnam] I am disposed toward Taylor in the matter"; Denial of a "rift" with President Johnson over the Foreign Aid Bill.
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Re An assertion by President Johnson that the move to land troops in the Dominican Republic was a decision to save American lives but not to put down a Communist threat; Juan Bosch and the military situation in Santo Domingo; President Johnson's intention to send more troops to Vietnam in order to free Vietnamese troops for combat and his recurrent optimism on the Vietnam war; Mrs. Johnson's calming influence on the President and his attitude on being compared to John F. Kennedy in style; President Johnson's praise for Dwight D. Eisenhower as "one of the sharpest men in any conference"; His adverse criticism of the "Kennedy staff"; Comments on J.W. Fulbright; Joseph P. Kennedy, Mike Mansfield, etc.
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Re Civil rights, including possible Klan legislation, a plan for a "sub rosa freedom march to serve as an energy outlet" in Washington, D.C., and the Equal Employment Commission; President Johnson's management of the economy, including the budget, labor legislation, and excise taxes; Dominican crisis, including comments on President Johnson's decision to send troops, his statement about the "communist danger," the role of Ambassador John Bartlow Martin, etc.
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Re Vietnam war: Viet Cong is armed by outside assistance in an increasing degree; Next steps are to increase the American commitment; We are not following a strategy that recognizes any sanctuary or any weapons restriction ... But we would use nuclear weapons only after fully "applying non-nuclear arsenal"; Alternative to war is a "Red Asia"; Withdrawal would damage the domestic economy in the United States and result in a "disastrous political fight"; A victory would open the way to combine "birth control" with "economic expansion techniques in a gigantic arc ... to Iran and the Middle East"; In a settlement, the United States must "insist on a Non-Communist ... SVN ... and international guarantees," etc.
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Re Vice President Humphrey's speeches on Vietnam policy that "out-Johnsoned Johnson" but do not reflect his own belief that "matters are not so simple"; Difficulties, shared by J.W. Fulbright, in getting his views on Vietnam across to the President; Vice President Humphrey's general relations with the President, his confidence in Bill Moyers, and his reservations about Robert C. McNamara and McGeorge Bundy as not being temperamentally equipped to handle the problems of Vietnam, etc.
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Re Denial that "certain officials in the Pentagon wanted to provoke China into a war so that it would be possible to knock out the nuclear capability of the Chinese regime"; Assertions that it was "naive" to doubt that American troops would not go into combat action in Vietnam, that the principal change in American strategy was the decision to bomb the North, that there was little political pressure to get out of Vietnam or "turn this into a big war," that "the Russians had no influence with Hanoi or Peking to cool down the situation," etc.
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Re Domestic program for higher education centers and high speed transport; President Johnson's determination not to pull out of Vietnam as well as his awareness of the danger of getting into a war with China; Lack of support for his Vietnam policy by The New York Times; His assertion that he is a "consulting president"; His praise for George E. Reedy; Also John Pomfret's overall impression of "a man deeply worried about Vietnam" who "sees no way out," etc.
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Re His chances of receiving support to run for Mayor of New York
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Re Dominican Republic: Denial of a "Szulc story, source Jaime Benitez," that the "U.S. government was divided" and "could not reach agreement on Dominican government"; A mission to the islands in which McGeorge Bundy participated and observed the difficulties in attaining agreement among the "Guzman-Bosch-Caamano" and "Imbert forces," etc.
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Re Dean Rusk: his devotion, kindness, lack of aggressiveness, ability to weigh all sides, attention to details, and his relations with Robert F. Kennedy, Robert C. McNamara, and the entire Johnson family; Also President Johnson's comments about Dean Acheson, Hugo Black, Arthur Dean, Walter F. George, Robert A. Lovett, Bill Moyers, George E. Reedy, Theodore Sorensen, Jack Valenti, Marvin Watson, etc.
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The Publications subseries includes articles and books written by Krock. The articles are predominantly for The New York Times and The New York Times Magazine and cover a wide range of political topics, including presidential policies, the economy, court systems, political conventions, the New Deal programs, and World War II. The books include drafts and typescripts of Consent of the Governed (1971), In the Nation: 1932-1966 (1966), Memoirs (1968), and Myself When Young Growing Up in the 1890s (1973). Also included are Krock's notes and four reel to reel tapes of interviews he compiled for use in writings his memoirs.
Divided into two sections: Articles and Books.
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A corrected typescript
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A draft
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The Speeches subseries contains published or typed copies of texts for speeches Krock delivered at universities and university clubs, as radio or television broadcasts, and at political and business organizations. The subject of his speeches included journalism, free speech, his career, and his political opinions.
Arranged chronologically.
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The Correspondence series is composed of letters between Krock and legislators, government officials, lawyers and businessmen, academics, journalists, and readers of his articles. Please see the subseries descriptions in the contents list for additional information about individual subseries.
Divided into two subseries: Selected and General.
Physical Description70 boxes
The Selected series contains correspondence between Krock and government officials, legislators, businessmen, journalists, readers of his work, and friends and acquaintances. Subjects of the letters include ideas for articles Krock could write and discussions of politics, as well as seeking advice on writing or publishing, discussing the state of the journalism profession, responses from individuals he had written about, invitations for Krock to attend events or accept positions, and arranging meetings. Other correspondence is related to Krock's publications and his membership on the Pulitzer Prize Advisory Board.
Arranged alphabetically by correspondent or subject.
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Includes a note by Arthur Krock, 1966.
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Includes a note by Arthur Krock, 1966.
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Please see also Kennedy, Mrs. John F., 1960, 1965
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Includes a note by Arthur Krock, 1966.
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The General subseries contains brief correspondence between Krock and readers of his writings, including businessmen, professors, and government officials. The majority are from the United States, but also include some international correspondents. In their letters, the readers praise Krock's work and discuss issues raised in his writings, as well as sending him holiday greetings and good health wishes, inviting him to visit, and thanking him for meeting with them.
Arranged alphabetically by correspondent. Letters are not in order within the folders.
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The Records By Others About or Relating to Arthur Krock series includes biographical materials and tributes, reference materials, reviews of his writings, verses of poetry on current events and culture, and meeting minutes of the council of the New York World. The biographical materials include articles and editorials from newspapers and magazines about Krock's career and opinions expressed in his writings, as well as photocopies of materials about Krock from other research institutions. Reference materials includes articles about topics of interest to Krock, including politics, foreign aid, the International Monetary Fund, and New Deal organizations.
Arranged alphabetically by document type.
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(Donated by Lucian Pera in 1982.)
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The Memorabilia and Photographs series is composed of materials related to recognition Krock received as a journalist, as well as to his career in general. The series included his passports, documents related to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, plaques and awards certificates honoring his excellence in journalism, including the President's Medal of Freedom (1970), diplomas for honorary degrees, and photographs. The majority of the photographs are portraits of Krock, and also include photographs of Krock with government officials, politicians, and journalists, a few portraits of officials and journalists signed to Krock, and the artwork for a political cartoon. Also included are the original memoranda from Krock's "Black Books."
Arranged according to document type.
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