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Robert Fagles Papers
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Held at: Princeton University Library: Manuscripts Division [Contact Us]
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the Princeton University Library: Manuscripts Division. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
Overview and metadata sections
Robert Fagles (1933-2008) was a renowned translator of Greek and Latin classics, whose bestselling translations of Homer and Virgil's epics are recognized for reinterpreting the classics in a contemporary idiom. Fagles was also the Arthur Marks '19 Professor of Comparative Literature at Princeton University, where he taught English and classics from 1960 until 2002 and founded the Department of Comparative Literature, which he chaired for two decades.
Born in Philadelphia on September 11, 1933, Fagles attended Lower Merion High School in Ardmore, Pennsylvania, where he studied German. He first developed an interest in the classics during his freshman year at Amherst College in 1952 and eventually switched his major from pre-med to English. Graduating summa cum laude in 1955, Fagles went on to complete his Ph.D. in English literature at Yale University in 1959, where he taught as an instructor for one year. At Yale, Fagles met Bernard Knox, a classicist who became a lifelong friend and later edited and wrote introductions to his published translations. After joining the Princeton faculty in the Department of English in 1960, Fagles became the director of Princeton's Program in Comparative Literature in 1966. Upon the program's inception as an official department in 1975, Fagles served as its founding chair until 1994, where he was credited with integrating literary study with translation and the creative arts. Throughout his career at Princeton, Fagles taught both undergraduate and graduate courses, including freshman seminars, specializing in the classical tradition in English and European literature, the theory and practice of translation, and forms of poetry. After his retirement in 2002, he remained an emeritus professor. Princeton awarded him an honorary doctorate in humane letters in 2007.
Fagles began his career as a translator with the publication of the Complete Poems of the Greek lyric poet Bacchylides, released by Yale University Press in 1961, followed by Pindar's Olympian Odes, which appeared serially in the journal Arion in 1964 and 1965. Moving on to the Greek tragedies, Fagles then translated Aeschylus's Oresteia (Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, and The Eumenides), published in 1975, and Sophocles's Three Theban Plays (Antigone, Oedipus the King, and Oedipus at Colonus), published in 1982, both with Viking Penguin. Fagles remains best known for his popular translations of the three great classical epics, Homer's Iliad (1990) and Odyssey (1996) and Virgil's Aeneid (2006). In 1979, Fagles also published a book of original poems titled I, Vincent: Poems from the Pictures of Vincent Van Gogh, billed as a collection of translations of paintings by Vincent Van Gogh. Fagles's original poems have also appeared in various literary journals, including The Sewanee Review, The Yale Review, The Southern Review, Antaeus, and Grand Street.
Fagles was the recipient of many awards over his lifetime, including the Howard T. Behrman Award for Distinguished Achievement in the Humanities from Princeton University (1989), the Harold Morton Landon Translation Award of the Academy of American Poets (1991), an Academy Award in Literature from the American Academy of Arts and Letters (1996), the PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation (1997), and the National Humanities Medal (2006). He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Letters and holds honorary degrees from Amherst College, Bowdoin College, Yale University, and Princeton University.
Robert Fagles was married to Lynne Fagles (née Marilyn Duchovnay) for 51 years, with whom he had two daughters, Katya and Nina. He died in 2008 at age 74.
The papers consist of Robert Fagles's professional correspondence and translation files, primarily including revised manuscript and typescript drafts, corrected proofs and galleys, notes, financial documents, permissions files, reviews, and promotional materials for his English translations of ancient Greek and Latin texts, including Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, Virgil's Aeneid, Aeschylus's Oresteia, Sophocles's Three Theban Plays, and poems by Bacchylides and Pindar, as well as files on Fagles's book of original poetry I, Vincent. The papers provide a comprehensive picture of Fagles's career as a translator and poet from the early 1960s until his death in 2008, and most materials in the papers reflect these creative and scholarly aspects of his life. While the papers do include occasional drafts of talks at various seminars, conferences, and events that Fagles led at Princeton, his papers largely do not include files devoted to his teaching and administrative roles in the Department of Comparative Literature at Princeton.
Fagles kept extensive files on each of his major writing and translation projects, which include his drafts and preliminary writings, as well as related correspondence, publishing and production files, royalties and sales statements, reviews, files on theatrical productions and works in print referencing his translations, awards, and events. Correspondence files include Fagles's correspondence with fellow classicists, scholars, poets, former students, and family members, including Robert Fitzgerald, Joyce Carol Oates, Louise Glück, James Dickey, Robert Hollander, Francis Fergusson, George Steiner, and many others, primarily regarding various writing projects, although much of the correspondence is of a mixed personal and professional nature. Professional files regarding publishing, permissions, talks, and awards that Fagles kept in addition to his files on specific works are also present.
The papers are arranged into the following three series: Series 1: Writings, Series 2: Correspondence, and Series 3: Professional Files.
Gift of Lynne Fagles in 2015 (AM 2015-63). Typescript drafts and proofs of Fagles's translations of Sophocles's Three Theban Plays and Aeschylus's Oresteia were an earlier gift of Robert Fagles in 1986; these materials, which were previously described as the Robert Fagles Translations of Greek Drama (TC014), were transferred to his papers in 2015.
For preservation reasons, original analog and digital media may not be read or played back in the reading room. Users may visually inspect physical media but may not remove it from its enclosure. All analog audiovisual media must be digitized to preservation-quality standards prior to use. Audiovisual digitization requests are processed by an approved third-party vendor. Please note, the transfer time required can be as little as several weeks to as long as several months and there may be financial costs associated with the process. Requests should be directed through the Ask Us Form.
This collection was processed by Kelly Bolding in April 2015, with assistance from Kristine Gift (GS) and Fiona Bell '18. Finding aid written by Kelly Bolding in April 2015.
Nothing was removed from the collection during 2015 processing.
People
Subject
- Ancient Greek literature -- Translations into English
- Classical drama -- Translations into English
- Epic poetry, Greek -- Translations into English
- Epic poetry, Latin -- Translations into English
- Greek drama (tragedy) -- Translations into English
- Poets -- United States -- 20th century -- Manuscripts
- Translation Studies -- United States. -- Sources -- 20th century
- Translators -- United States. -- Correspondence -- 20th century
- Translators -- United States -- 20th century -- Manuscripts
- Publisher
- Manuscripts Division
- Finding Aid Author
- Kelly Bolding
- Finding Aid Date
- 2015
- Access Restrictions
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The collection is open for research.
- Use Restrictions
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Single copies may be made for research purposes. To cite or publish quotations that fall within Fair Use, as defined under U. S. Copyright Law, no permission is required. For instances beyond Fair Use, it is the responsibility of the researcher to determine whether any permissions related to copyright, privacy, publicity, or any other rights are necessary for their intended use of the Library's materials, and to obtain all required permissions from any existing rights holders, if they have not already done so. Princeton University Library's Special Collections does not charge any permission or use fees for the publication of images of materials from our collections, nor does it require researchers to obtain its permission for said use. The department does request that its collections be properly cited and images credited. More detailed information can be found on the Copyright, Credit and Citations Guidelines page on our website. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us through the Ask Us! form.
Collection Inventory
This series is arranged into seven subseries following Fagles's major works in chronological order, retaining the original groupings of materials.
This series includes Robert Fagles's working files for all of his major translations of the works of Homer, Virgil, Sophocles, Aeschylus, Pindar, and Bacchylides, as well as for his book of original poetry, I, Vincent. Materials document his writings over the complete span of his professional career as a translator and poet from the early 1960s until the late 2000s. Fagles kept thorough documentation of his own creative process, as well as of the life of his works following their publication, as reflected in his extensive collection of reviews, productions, permissions files, and mentions of his work in the press. Accordingly, files in this series largely follow the original arrangement imposed on them by their creator in that they are grouped by major work rather than by format, reflecting Fagles's own work habits.
Preliminary materials for his writings include multiple drafts of his translations and poems, comprising initial manuscript drafts and later typescript versions, often with ample handwritten revisions and commentary by Fagles and by his frequent collaborator Bernard Knox, along with copy-edited typescripts and galley proofs. Knox, whom Fagles met during his years at Yale, wrote the introductions and notes for Fagles's translations of Sophocles, Homer, and Virgil. Extensive notes that accompany many of Fagles's writings map out his exploration of vocabulary, themes, symbols, motifs, meter, and allusions to philosophical concepts by contemporary thinkers. His drafts are also accompanied by commentary and notes by previous translators, reflecting his extensive research regarding previous interpretations of classical texts, while his correspondence describes his desire to provide the classics with a contemporary voice.
Additional files related to publishing include materials regarding book design and production, promotion and sales, royalties, and lists of Fagles's friends and colleagues to whom he sent bound galleys, along with their responses and comments, which he retained. Publishing materials document Fagles's relationship with Viking Penguin, his regular publisher, as well with the Yale University Press, where he published his early translations of Greek lyric poetry, and the Princeton University Press, where he published I, Vincent. Alongside drafts and publishing files, Fagles kept comprehensive files on reviews and mentions of his work, the use of his translations in theatrical productions, radio and television broadcasts, audiobooks, and anthologies, as well as his related talks at various events, classes, and translation symposia.
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Original rough chronological order was maintained.
This subseries consists of Fagles's translation files for his early works, primarily his drafts, revisions, correspondence, and notes for translations of the Complete Poems of Bacchylides, published by Yale University Press in 1961, and Pindar's Olympian Odes, published in installments in the literary journal Arion in 1964 and 1965. Also present toward the end of the subseries are a few files regarding Fagles's other early contributions to various anthologies and literary journals, including his work on the Twickenham Edition of Alexander Pope's translations of Homer, which he co-edited with Maynard Mack and others, Homer: A Collection of Critical Essays, which he co-edited with George Steiner, as well as a review of Howard Baker's book Persephone's Cave that appeared in The Southern Review. These latter files largely consist of correspondence and royalty statements.
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Full typescript drafts.
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This subseries consists of notes, several different early and revised drafts, page proofs, and galleys for Fagles's translation of Aeschylus's Oresteia, a trilogy of tragic plays that includes Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, and The Eumenides. Beginning in 1963, Fagles worked on the Oresteia for over 10 years before it was published by Viking Penguin in 1975. Drafts exist in manuscript and typescript form, usually with extensive revisions and comments by Fagles and his collaborator W. B. Stanford, who wrote the introduction and notes for Fagles's translation, alongside voluminous preparatory notes and glossaries, in which Fagles sketched out his choices regarding vocabulary, symbols and motifs, the role of the chorus, and modern philosophy. Also present are related correspondence regarding book production, publication, and sales, reprints in later editions, theatrical performances based on Fagles's translations, award nominations, and class visits Fagles made to discuss and read from the plays.
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Includes letters from Joyce Carol Oates, Saul Bellow, James Dickey, Howard Nemerov, and Kenneth Burke.
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This subseries comprises materials related to Fagles's only book of original poetry, titled I, Vincent: Poems from the Pictures of Vincent van Gogh, which he began in 1975 and published with the Princeton University Press in 1978. Fagles's project was to translate Vincent van Gogh's paintings into poems that could collectively provide a biographical sketch of the artist. His early manuscript and typescript drafts with extensive notes regarding the development of the poems are present, along with later revised drafts for publication, galley proofs, and plates for accompanying artwork. Correspondence regarding publishing, permissions, reviews, and responses, promotional materials, and Fagles's introductions to poetry readings he gave following the book's publication are also included.
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Includes letters from Maxine Kumin, Marjorie Perloff, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, W. D. Snodgrass, and J. D. McClatchy.
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Includes both typescript and manuscript drafts of poems, with extensive revisions and notes in pencil throughout.
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This subseries contains materials related to Fagles's translations of Sophocles's Three Theban Plays, including Antigone, Oedipus the King, and Oedipus at Colonus, which were published in 1982. Early drafts of each play in multiple versions, drafts with meticulous notes and revisions by Fagles's collaborator Bernard Knox, and page proofs are present, as are preliminary versions of the book's introduction, notes, glossary, and bibliography. Other related materials include contracts and financial papers with publisher Viking Penguin, correspondence and responses from other writers regarding the book, promotional materials, files on radio productions and journal publications, fellowship proposals, corrections to later editions, and permissions files regarding the use of Fagles's translations in anthologies and theatrical performances.
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Original order was maintained.
Fagles began working on his translation of Homer's Iliad in 1982 and completed it in 1990. This subseries includes early and later typescript drafts with manuscript revisions by both Fagles and Bernard Knox, notes on spelling and pronunciation of the Greek, as well as preliminary versions of the book's notes, introduction, and glossary, and correspondence regarding early drafts of the epic. Following its publication, the book sold many copies and won the Harold Morton Landon Translation Award from the Academy of American Poets, an award from the Translation Center of Columbia University, and the New Jersey Humanities Book Award; files that Fagles kept on these awards are included alongside his working files. Also represented in this subseries are publishing correspondence, contracts, financial papers regarding sales and royalties, and files on book design, promotion, audiobook versions, and reprints, as are materials regarding theatrical performances and stage readings, radio broadcasts, publicity, reviews, lectures, and other public appearances Fagles made in conjunction with his work on the Iliad. Several books of the Iliad were published prior to the completion of the epic in the literary magazines Grand Street and TriQuarterly, which versions are also contained in these files.
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Includes materials related to the Harold Morton Landon Translation Award, a Translation Center Award from Columbia University, and the Humanities Book Award from the New Jersey Committee on the Humanities.
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Fagles began translating Homer's Odyssey in 1990, immediately following his completion of the Iliad. His translation was published in 1996 to widespread critical acclaim and popularity. This subseries includes correspondence with Bernard Knox and others regarding Fagles's plans and progress with regards to the translation, as well as early and revised drafts, including those with extensive comments by Knox, and a later complete copy-edited version. Jacket design materials, preliminary versions of source maps, genealogies, glossaries, and notes, correspondence regarding publishing and promotion, sales and royalties records, and contracts with Viking Penguin are also present, along with reposes, reviews, and interviews related to the book. During and immediately following his work on the Odyssey, Fagles made frequent appearances at translation symposia, public readings, festivals, Princeton events, lecture series at universities, and high school classes to discuss and read from his work. He kept files documenting each of these appearances, which can be found in this subseries. Fagles also kept track of mentions of his translation in various publications and television programs, which are also present. Since Fagles's public appearances in the late 1990s often regarded his translations of both of Homer's epics, researchers should note that this subseries also contains some materials that relate to the Iliad as well as the Odyssey.
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Includes an edited draft of the introduction and a group of correspondence between Robert Fagles and Bernard Knox.
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Also includes revisions for the Iliad.
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Includes sales figures for previous works.
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Also includes materials related to editions of the Iliad.
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Original order was maintained.
This subseries includes materials related to Fagles's last major work, an English translation from the Latin of Virgil's Aeneid, which was published in 2006. It includes typescript drafts, arranged by book within the epic, usually six to seven drafts per book. These drafts contain exhaustive notes and suggestions for editing by Bernard Knox, as well as notes by Lynne Fagles. Drafts are also sometimes accompanied by letters from Knox providing his general commentary on the book as a whole. The subseries also contains some files regarding promotion, responses, reviews, publishing correspondence, sales and royalties records, permissions, and book jacket design, although these tangential materials are present in a lesser quantity for the Aeneid than for the Iliad and the Odyssey. In 2006, Fagles was awarded a National Humanities Medal from the National Endowment for the Humanities, which is also represented by a file in this subseries.
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This series includes a file group of alphabetical correspondence followed by a file group of chronological correspondence, in keeping with original order.
This series includes Robert Fagles's correspondence with a variety of friends, colleagues, former students, and poets, as well as a small amount of family correspondence. As a whole, much of the correspondence is of a mixed nature, covering both professional and personal topics, and reflects Fagles's close working relationships with his colleagues and fellow classicists and his willingness to serve as a mentor to many former students and younger scholars interested in ancient Greek and Latin literature. Notable correspondents include Louise Glück, Anne Carson, Robert Fitzgerald, Harold Shapiro, James Dickey, Joyce Carol Oates, William Meredith, Francine du Plessix Gray, Rachel Hadas, Robert Hollander, Francis Fergusson, George Steiner, Robert Goheen, and Charles Tomlinson. Letters often regard Fagles's responses to various translations and poems sent to him for comments, as well as recommendations he provided for colleagues and students for various positions and grants; accordingly, some files also contain writings, clippings, and other print materials regarding works of others. Letters from Fagles often contain lengthy discussions of his ideas about the art of translation and his readings of Greek texts. Of particular interest is a large group of detailed and intimate letters that Fagles wrote to his mother Vera Fagles during his undergraduate years at Amherst and graduate study at Yale in the 1950s, which provide insights into his early encounters with translation studies and ancient literature.
Researchers should note that additional correspondence files with Fagles's collaborator Bernard Knox and his literary agent Georges Borchardt can be found in Subseries 3A, as a part of Fagles's publishing and permissions files. Topical correspondence regarding Fagles's own translations and published works is filed with his writings in Series 1, in keeping with the original organization of the papers.
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Correspondence in this file group is arranged alphabetically, with a file of general family correspondence at the end.
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Vera (Voynow) Fagles was Robert Fagles's mother. Included here is the extensive correspondence Robert sent to his mother during his undergraduate years at Amherst College, summer study at Cornell University in 1952, graduate school at Yale University, and a trip to Greece in 1963. Also present is a small group of correspondence from other family members addressed to Vera Fagles.
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A copy of the artist's book that Owen gifted to Robert Fagles is held in the Graphic Arts Collection.
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Includes Quarterly Review of Literature writings
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Correspondence in this file group is arranged chronologically.
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This series is arranged into the following two subseries: Subseries 3A: Publishing and Permissions, and Subseries 3B: Honors, Awards, and Talks.
This series contains files from Robert Fagles's home office regarding publishing and permissions for republication and quotation of his translations, as well as regarding his professional awards and service in various academic organizations. Materials document his professional relationships with his publishers at Viking Penguin, with his literary agent Georges Borchardt, and with his long-term collaborator Bernard Knox, as well as the use of his translations in works by others and later revisions of works for Penguin Classics. Fagles's many honors and awards are also represented by a group of topical correspondence, brochures, itineraries, speech drafts, and printed materials, as is his participation in various selection committees and as a speaker at public events. Although Fagles's teaching and course files are not contained in the collection, this series does include a few files that hold copies of Fagles's lectures for seminars and conferences on the classics in Princeton University's Department of Comparative Literature.
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Original order was maintained.
This subseries includes materials related to publishing and permissions, including printed materials, revised typescripts for later reissues of Fagles's translations, and correspondence reflecting Fagles's relationships with his publisher, literary agent, and collaborators. Correspondence with Bernard Knox and Georges Borchardt is accompanied by a significant group of permissions inquiries and replies pertaining to the reuse of Fagles's work in publications and performances by others. A group of materials related to Fagles's revisions of his translations from the Greek for the Penguin Classics series in the early 2000s is also present. Researchers should note that Fagles kept all materials regarding the initial publication of each of his translations along with his complete files on those works; therefore, those searching for publication files regarding specific works should consult the corresponding subseries in Series 1.
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Original order was maintained.
This subseries contains Fagles's topical files on his various awards, honorary degrees, commencement and inauguration talks, participation in academic organizations, and occasionally, seminars and conferences at Princeton. Also included are several copies of Fagles's curriculum vitae and publication history. Materials regarding awards and talks for specific works can also be found with his files for those works in Series 1.
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Includes one 1.44 MB floppy disk, labeled "S. Spence, virgil.doc, MS Word 5 IBM".
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