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Félix Candela Papers
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Held at: Princeton University Library: Manuscripts Division [Contact Us]
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the Princeton University Library: Manuscripts Division. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
Overview and metadata sections
Félix Candela (1910-1997) was an influential Spanish-born architect, structural engineer, and builder, known for his innovative designs using reinforced thin-shell concrete to create the highly efficient hyperbolic parabaloid shapes used in his construction of many well-known churches, factories, and other buildings, primarily in and around Mexico City in the mid-20th century. His work is known for its unique shapes and forms as well as its highly efficient use of readily available materials. After gaining recognition for his early work in Mexico as a designer and master builder, Candela went on to serve as a structural consultant for projects around the world.
Born in Spain, Candela studied architecture at La Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid from 1927 to 1935. Just as he was leaving to pursue further formal education in Germany, his studies were quickly interrupted by the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, when Candela returned to Spain to fight with the Spanish Republic against Francisco Franco and the Nationalists. During the war, he gained pragmatic construction experience as the Republic's Captain of Engineers, working to restore buildings for military use. Candela was imprisoned in a internment camp in Perpignan, France, until the end of the war in 1939, at which point he moved to Mexico as an exile and adopted Mexican citizenship in 1941.
After gaining experience working as an architect, engineer, and builder of traditional beam and column construction in Mexico in the 1940s, Candela started his own company, Cubiertas Ala S.A., along with his siblings, Antonio and Julia Candela, in 1950. Their company, which specialized in reinforced concrete shell and laminar structures, flourished in the decades following the Mexican industrial boom, leading Candela to build over 300 works and participate in over 900 projects. Candela's 1950 design for the Pabellón de Rayos Cósmicos on the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México campus was the first to employ his novel hypar shell structure, and remains one of his best-known works. Although he never formally studied shell design and construction, Candela developed his expertise in this area through self-education and hands-on experimentation.
Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, Candela built his reputation by designing and building many structures utilizing variations on the hyperbolic parabaloid shape, including the Iglesia de la Medalla Milagrosa (1953), Capilla Lomas de Cuernavaca (1958), Los Manantiales Restaurant at Xochimilo (1958), and the Bacardí Rum Factory in Cuautitlán (1960). His design was also chosen for the Sports Palace used in the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City. Beginning in the 1950s, Candela also made a point of regularly publishing papers and lecturing publicly at conferences and events around the world, arguing fervently against traditional means of structural analysis. His professional contributions afforded him a role as a leader in the field of thin-shell construction. Candela began working as a professor and academic lecturer in the early 1950s, including at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (1953-1970), Harvard University (1961-1962), and the University of Illinois (1971-1978). He resided in the United States permanently after 1971, where he eventually became a citizen in 1978. He died in Raleigh, North Carolina in 1997.
The collection documents the professional and personal activities of Félix Candela over much of his lifetime and contains a diversity of materials ranging from his childhood photographs from the 1910s and notes from his school days in the early 1930s in Madrid, to photographs, architectural drawings, writings, and correspondence, representing his life and professional contributions to the field of architecture from 1950 until his death in 1997.
The papers contain a wide range of photographic media documenting Candela's buildings under construction and following completion, architectural drawings, plans, calculations, and notes for some of his famous churches, stadiums, and factories, typescripts, drafts, and clippings of lectures and published articles on various topics related to structural analysis and design, a group of professional and personal correspondence, as well as travel itineraries and receipts related to his participation in international architecture conferences and gatherings. Also included are Candela's appointment books and personal expense ledgers, student artwork, college course notebooks and study guides, awards and certificates honoring his work, personal and travel photographs, identification papers and official documents, reference files and clippings on different architectural styles and topics, clippings of writings by and about Candela, and several VHS tapes regarding his work.
Rather than serving as traditional project or business files, such as his Cubiertas Ala office files, which are held elsewhere, these papers provide a broader view of Candela's personal life and practice of architecture, including ample photographic documentation of his buildings and major structural acheivements using hypars, fans, umbrellas, and other unique shapes. Also represented here are materials related to Candela's role as a lecturer and proponent of efficient thin-shell design at international architecture conferences and colleges, as well as materials demonstrating the relationship between his education and the trajectory of his professional career. The original arrangement of Candela's files was preserved when it was discernable, and often observes thematic relationships rather than strict chronological or other practical divisions.
Researchers should be aware that, in keeping with the bilingual nature of materials in this collection, Candela labeled some of his files in Spanish and others in English. Original folder titles were transcribed in the language in which they were found, and thus reflect this variation. Occasionally, a folder with a title in Spanish is followed by another folder with the same title in English. This practice reflects original divisions of some materials by language, and reflects Candela's international practice. When no original file labels were present, titles were generally supplied in English.
Prior to their move to the Special Collections, the Félix Candela Papers were housed at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, where they were used as research materials for Maria Garlock and David Billington's book, Félix Candela: Engineer, Builder, Structural Artist (Princeton University Art Museum, 2008). Maria Garlock facilitated Dorothy Candela's donation of these materials to Princeton University beginning in 2006-2007, as an addition to what was then referred to as the Maillart Archives.
Gift of Dorothy Candela in 2006-2007, as confirmed in writing by her daughter, Jane Struble, in 2013 (AM 2014-6).
For preservation reasons, original analog and digital media may not be read or played back in the reading room. Users may visually inspect physical media but may not remove it from its enclosure. All analog audiovisual media must be digitized to preservation-quality standards prior to use. Audiovisual digitization requests are processed by an approved third-party vendor. Please note, the transfer time required can be as little as several weeks to as long as several months and there may be financial costs associated with the process. Requests should be directed through the Ask Us Form.
This collection was processed by Kelly Bolding in May-July 2014. Finding aid written by Kelly Bolding in July 2014.
A box of oversize materials, formerly housed in Box 5, were rehoused into flat files in September 2021. As a result, there is no Box 5.
All materials were retained during 2014 processing, with the exception of a blank internal hard drive, which was discarded.
People
Subject
- Architects -- Mexico. -- 20th century
- Architectural design -- Mexico. -- 20th century
- Architecture -- Mexico. -- 20th century -- Designs and plans
- Concrete construction -- Study and teaching. -- 20th century
- Engineers -- Mexico. -- 20th century
- Flexible structures. -- 20th century
- Roofs, Shell. -- 20th century
- Shells (Engineering). -- 20th century
- Structural engineering -- Mexico. -- 20th century
- Publisher
- Manuscripts Division
- Finding Aid Author
- Kelly Bolding
- Finding Aid Date
- 2014
- Access Restrictions
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This collection is open for research.
- Use Restrictions
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The Trustees of Princeton University hold the copyright for materials in this collection that were created by Félix Candela. Single copies may be made for research purposes. To cite or publish quotations that fall within Fair Use, as defined under U. S. Copyright Law, no permission is required. For instances beyond Fair Use, any copyright vested in the donor has passed to The Trustees of Princeton University and researchers do not need to obtain permission, complete any forms, or receive a letter to move forward with use of donor-created materials within the collection. For materials in the collection not created by the donor, or where the material is not an original, the copyright is likely not held by the University. In these instances, it is the responsibility of the researcher to determine whether any permissions related to copyright, privacy, publicity, or any other rights are necessary for their intended use of the Library's materials, and to obtain all required permissions from any existing rights holders, if they have not already done so. Princeton University Library's Special Collections does not charge any permission or use fees for the publication of images of materials from our collections. The department does request that its collections be properly cited and images credited. More detailed information can be found on the Copyright, Credit and Citations Guidelines page on our website. If you have a question about who owns the copyright for an item, you may request clarification by contacting us through the Ask Us! form.
Collection Inventory
This series is arranged into three subseries: Conceptual Files, Slides and Negatives, and Photographs for Félix Candela: Engineer, Builder, Structural Artist.
This series contains materials related to Félix Candela's professional work as an architect, structural engineer, and master builder, both for his own company and as a technical advisor for other firms. Included are many black-and-white and color photographs, slides, negatives, and transparencies showing Candela's finished structures and works under construction, along with some architectural drawings, sketches, and designs, and a smaller quantity of maps, calculations, and project files pertaining to specific buildings. Rather than serving as traditional architectural project files, the materials in this series document the design, construction, and completed forms of many of Candela's buildings, primarily through photographs, and secondarily, through Candela's architectural drawings and specifications, which provide insight into his design process. This series includes an original run of conceptual files on specific buildings, arranged by architectural feature or theme, that contain both photographic materials and architectural drawings. Also present is a group of slides and negatives of Candela's work, along with microfilms of technical articles related to his projects, that he organized separately by medium, and additionally, a group of Candela's photographic materials, which were later arranged based on their use for research and publication in a book by Maria Garlock and David Billington, Félix Candela: Engineer, Builder, Structural Artist (Princeton University Art Museum, 2008). These divisions were preserved in order to maintain contextual evidence regarding use and original organization. Researchers looking for photographs of a specific building should note that relevant materials may therefore be present in all three subseries.
Candela's architecture practice focused on the design of roofs and enclosures for buildings. His drawings and papers reflect this practice in that they demonstrate the overall design principles and geometrical logic of the building, rather than provide detailed construction sets. Similarly, photographs of Candela's buildings under construction tend to depict the erection of the shell, along with any related scaffolding and concrete pouring, rather than any work on the interior of the building. While photographs and other materials related to most of Candela's major works and many of his smaller projects are included in this series, some of the most thoroughly represented include La Milagrosa (Iglesia de la Medalla de la Virgen Milagrosa), Los Manantiales Restaurant at Xochimilco, Capilla Abierta Lomas de Cuernavaca, the Bacardí Rum Factory, Palacio de los Deportes for the Mexico City Olympic Games, Bernabéu Real Madrid Stadium, and L'Oceanogràfic, an oceanarium and restaurant in Valencia.
Physical Description15 boxes
Arrangement follows original order, wherein files on individual building projects are organized into groups based on an architectural feature or theme, following a Roman numeral outline.
This subseries contains photographs, negatives, transparencies, architectural drawings and reproductions, sketches, and calculations, along with occasional project files, notes, and correspondence regarding a wide range of Félix Candela's building and design projects. Files on specific building projects are organized into twelve conceptual categories based on a topic, generally a specific architectural feature or theme, following their original organizational logic. Rather than providing complete project files, these files primarily visually document finished projects and projects under construction. Contents are mainly photographic in nature, accompanied by architectural drawings for some projects, and less often, paper files. Accordingly, materials in individual files are primarily photographic, unless otherwise noted at the file level.
While materials are listed in their intellectual order, they are boxed by size. Researchers should note that they may need to consult more than one box in order to view all materials related to a particular project. Oversize architectural drawings were stored flat in mylar when possible. Occasionally, large rolled architectural drawings that are too large or curled to store flat have been enclosed in mylar, wrapped around an archival tube for protection, and secured by a piece of cloth tape tied in a simple bow. Researchers consulting these drawings should take care to preserve this arrangement when returning these items to their containers.
Physical Description10 boxes
Albums include photographs of early projects, some completed and others under construction, including P.F.C Plaza de Toros, Hospital San Vicente, Hotel Catedral, as well as construction projects in Tepotzotlán, Cuernavaca, Guamúchil, and others. Some personal and family photographs are also included. Also present is a photocopied list of works that Candela included conceptually within this file group.
Physical Description2 foldersTwo photograph albums
Includes a photocopied list of works that Candela included conceptually within this file group. It should be noted that not all works listed are represented in the collection.
Physical Description2 folders
1 folderOversize photographs
Includes notes about the organization and contents of "II. Naves Con Paraguas".
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
Includes notes, drawings, and Xerox copies of photographs related to the feasability of using the umbrella structure for buildings in Saudi Arabia.
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
Includes notes about the organization and contents of "III. Otras Variaciones a Paraguas y Abanicos."
Physical Description1 folder
Includes 3 small architectural drawings for the church, including a cross section view, a birds-eye view, and a detailed view of umbrella support structures.
Physical Description1 folder3 architectural drawings
Includes 3 large architectural drawings showing a longitudinal section view, the interior design of the church, and the building's facade.
Physical Description3 items3 architectural drawings
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folderOversize photographs
1 architectural drawing
Physical Description1 item
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 item1 architectural drawing
Includes notes about the organization and contents of "IV. Bordes Rectos."
Physical Description1 folder
1 folderOversize photographs
1 folder
1 folderOversize photographs
1 folder
1 folderOversize photographs
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
Includes notes on the organization and contents of "V. Bordes Curvos."
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
1 folderOversize photographs
1 folder
1 folder
Includes notes about the organization and contents of "VI. Bóvedas Por Arista."
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
1 folderOversize photographs
1 folder
1 folder
1 folderOversize photographs
1 folder
1 folder
Includes two small preliminary sketches on tracing paper for the roof of the church.
Physical Description1 folder2 architectural drawings
Includes two large sketches on tracing paper.
Physical Description2 items2 architectural drawings
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
Includes notes about the contents and organization of "VII. Otras Combinaciones de Hypars."
Physical Description1 folder
1 folderOversize photograph
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
Contains empty folders with notes about the contents and organization of "VIII. Palacio de Los Deportes."
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folderOversize architectural plans
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
Includes correspondence and writings regarding cleaning and coating methods for the copper roof of the Palacio de Los Deportes.
Physical Description1 folder
Includes early writings and calculations for the roof of the Palacio de Los Deportes.
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
Large architectural drawing showing the side view or facade of the Palacio de Los Deportes.
Physical Description1 item1 rolled architectural drawing
Drawings in various levels of completion, from a simple sketch outline to a finished drawing in full color, depict the same view of the stadium roof.
Physical Description8 items3 architectural drawings
Includes notes on the organization and contents of "IX. Proyectos Hypar Como la Estructura Secundaria." The original folder contains an earlier name for this file group, "Proyetos No Construidos," which was later crossed out and replaced with the current title.
Physical Description1 folder
1 folderOversize architectural drawing
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
Second folder contains photocopies.
Physical Description2 folders
Oversize architectural design
Physical Description1 folder
1 box2 oversize rolled architectural plans
2 folders
Plans for a sports stadium on the campus of Imam Mohammed Ben Saud Islamic University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Physical Description3 items3 rolled architectural designs
Includes calculation tables and sketches.
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
Includes a copy of the "Commonweath Games Management Financial Feasability Study", drafted by Associated Engineering Services Ltd. (Canada), along with related correspondence.
Physical Description1 folder
Includes correspondence, studies, calculations, and brochures regarding various stadium projects on which Candela worked in collaboration with the Praeger-Kavanagh-Waterbury firm, including materials regarding the Pontiac Metropolitan Stadium in Detroit.
Physical Description3 folders
Includes project and personnel files.
Physical Description2 folders
Includes calculations and photocopies of small drawings and sketches for the oceanarium and restaurant in the Ciutat de les Arts i de les Ciències in Valencia, Spain, along with some photographs and ephemera collected by Dorothy Candela following the structure's completion.
Physical Description1 folder
Includes 6 original small pencil sketches on tracing paper, along with several photocopies of sketches, computer-generated designs, and landscape drawings for the restaurant. Also contains one newspaper clipping that was originally stored with these materials.
Physical Description2 foldersArchitectural drawings and copies
13 itemsOversize architectural drawings and copies
Includes notes and photocopies of architectural plans for umbrella structures used as supports in various metro stations, including San Lázaro and Metro Candelaria.
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
Includes images of works by Florentino del Pozo, Emilio Perez Piñero, Fernando Higueras, as well as a CD-ROM containing Higueras's curriculum vitae.
Physical Description1 folder
Contains captioned color photographs, showing various churches Candela designed in Mexico and the United States in the 1950s and 1960s.
Physical Description1 folder
2 items2 architectural drawings
Includes two drawings of two different versions of a church, and two geometrical drawings of angles.
Physical Description1 folder4 architectural drawings
An additional Xerox copy of the map is located in Box 4, Folder 6.
Physical Description1 box
1 item
Numerically arranged slides are followed by slides arranged alphabetically by subject, then negatives arranged alphabetically by subject.
This subseries includes slides and negatives documenting Candela's work that he arranged by medium type and kept separately from the photographic materials included in his conceptual files. The largest group of slides follows an original numerical order that corresponds to an accompanying inventory, which can be found in Box 8, Folder 20. Researchers should consult this inventory when searching the numerical slides for images of specific buildings. Although most slide sheets include pictures of several different buildings, their original order was maintained to preserve context. Also present are slides that Candela kept by topic, arranged alphabetically, as well as a group of photographic negatives of works by Candela and microfilmed copies of technical articles on various structural engineering concepts. Slides are primarily in color and often individually marked with their location, while negatives are mainly in black-and-white and occasionally in color. Negatives were often unmarked with any identifying information, although this information was preserved when it existed. While most slides and negatives were sleeved in archival preservers, a group of unsorted negatives that were too curled to be unrolled safely were stored separately in small bags within an artifact box. A small amount of nitrate film was segregated for cold storage.
It should be noted that slides used for research or publication in Félix Candela: Engineer, Builder, Structural Artist, which were physically removed from Candela's original arrangement, can be found in Subseries 1C.
Physical Description5 boxes
This inventory was received with the collection and provides a list of images that appear on each sheet of numerical slides.
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
Includes a group of "favorite" slides numbered 1-247, showing Candela's professional work, along with 5 corresponding CD-ROMs from 2002 containing the digital image files. An accompanying inventory contains a caption for each slide. Slides missing from the sequence are labeled "Vacío."
Physical Description2 folders
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
2 folders
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
2 folders
1 folder
1 folder
2 folders
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
6 folders
4 folders
5 folders
Includes microfilm copies of many articles from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
Physical Description4 folders
1 folder
Includes negatives, contact sheets, and black-and-white photographs in various sizes, marked up for publication, showing Candela's work in the 1950s.
Physical Description1 folder
1 box
1 box
Photographic materials are arranged topically, following the order in which they were arranged for the book.
This subseries contains photographs, slides, and negatives that are arranged based on their use as research materials or published images for Félix Candela: Engineer, Builder, Structural Artist, a scholarly book on Candela and his work by Princeton professors Maria Garlock and David Billington, which was published by the Princeton University Art Museum in 2008, in conjunction with an exhibition of the same title that ran from October 10, 2008 through February 22, 2009. While materials in this subseries also depict the construction and completion of many of Candela's major building projects, their arrangement reflects their use in the book rather than their original order in Candela's personal papers. This subseries includes a group of images published in the book, arranged by its authors by chapter and marked with the corresponding figure number. Occasionally, images are accompanied by notes about their location in the original arrangement. Also present are topical photographic files based on major projects or types of structures, which formed focal points for the book.
Physical Description1 box
Contains a set of slides, photographs, and negatives from Candela's collection of personal and professional photographs that were published in Félix Candela: Engineer, Builder, Structural Artist, arranged by chapter in the order in which they appeared in the book, although there may be some minor variations from their layout in the final text.
Physical Description2 folders
1 folder
Includes several negatives.
Physical Description1 folder
Includes some negatives and drawings.
Physical Description1 folder
Includes several negatives.
Physical Description1 folder
Includes several negatives.
Physical Description1 folder
Includes several slides, negatives, and drawings.
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
Includes several negative strips.
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
2 folders
2 folders
This series is arranged into three file groups, following original order: Lectures and Papers, Travels, and Articles.
This series includes drafts, typescripts, handwritten notes, and clippings of Candela's lectures and published papers, itineraries, receipts, and correspondence related to his international travels and participation in conferences worldwide, along with drafts and clippings of his published articles and translations. These materials, which Candela filed together, pertain broadly to his role as a leader in the field of architecture and as an advocate for innovative methods of thin-shell concrete design. Beginning in the 1950s, Candela became an outspoken proponent of a new type of structural analysis that de-emphasized overly complex mathematical calculations in favor of a more thorough theoretical understanding of forms based on principles of geometry. His public lectures and writings promoted an economy of design that was not divorced from aesthetic concerns, made strong arguments against classical structural analysis, and at the same time, attracted attention and publicity to his firm, Cubiertas Ala. Materials in this series reflect Candela's regular participation in international professional conferences, meetings, and publications related to architecture and structural design, and the viewpoints he promoted. Some writings and typescripts of Candela's lectures regarding topics tangential to architecture, such as politics and urban planning, are also included.
File groups in this series reflect Candela's original organization of the materials, and his original folder titles were retained when they were present. Researchers looking for drafts of articles by Candela should note that many of his published articles originated as lectures, and are filed as such, sometimes alongside clippings of the resultant article in print. It should also be noted that materials filed under travels often contain correspondence, receipts, and notes related to conferences and other events at which Candela presented papers, drafts of which are filed separately with his lectures and papers. While materials in this series are the most comprehensive for Candela's activities from 1950 through the early 1970s, some earlier and later materials are also present.
Physical Description6 boxes
Files are arranged chronologically, following their original order.
This file group includes drafts, typescripts, and notes for lectures and papers given at various conferences and public events, and occasionally, clippings of later published versions of these works. Sometimes two files with the same title, one in English and one in Spanish, are present. This arrangement is original and reflects Candela's filing system, wherein he often kept his writings in Spanish separate from their English translations, and vice versa.
Physical Description5 boxes
1 folder
1 folder
Note on folder says "not published."
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
2 folders
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
Originals and photocopies.
Physical Description3 folders
Originals and photocopies.
Physical Description2 folders
Originals and photocopies.
Physical Description2 folders
Originals and photocopies.
Physical Description2 folders
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
4 folders
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
Includes mixed notes and drawings, including pages labeled "Notas para Harvard."
Physical Description1 folder
Original topical files were arranged chronologically.
This file group includes itineraries, receipts, correspondence, brochures, and other documents related to Candela's international travels to attend various architecture conferences, professional meetings, and other events.
Physical Description2 boxes
1 folder
1 folder
2 folders
1 folder
1 folder
2 folders
1 folder
1 folder
Original order was maintained and does not follow any strict arrangement scheme.
This file group primarily contains drafts and typescripts of articles written or translated by Candela, which he kept alongside microfilm reproductions and copies of articles that he translated. Also included are some of his political writings, as well as copies of journals and clippings of magazine articles written by Candela.
Physical Description1 box
For La Nueva Teoría Del Concreto Armado by Dr. Ing. Rudolf Saliger.
Physical Description1 folder
Includes technical articles about warped surfaces translated by Candela.
Physical Description1 folder
Includes writings by Candela, with his English translations.
Physical Description1 folder
Original folder was retained and includes a detailed list of contents.
Physical Description2 folders
Original folder contains a detailed description of contents, consisting of technical articles by others along with calculations and translations by Candela.
Physical Description1 folder
Includes prints made from microfilm of technical articles by others. The original folder was retained, which contains a detailed description of contents, likely including many articles Candela translated. Additional technical articles on microfilm that Candela filed with his photographic negatives can be found in Series 1.
Physical Description1 folder
Includes a handwritten index of articles about architectural and structural theory, gathered by Candela. Although the articles listed are not all present in the collection, they serve as a bibliography of his studies.
Physical Description1 folder
Clippings from architectural journals and pamphlets containing articles by Candela, many of which were adapted from lectures he gave at various conferences.
Physical Description2 folders
Includes writings and articles by Candela regarding the intersection of architecture and politics, as well as topics such as urban planning and social justice.
Physical Description1 folder
Includes lists of articles by and about Candela, as well as a few related clippings and an interview transcription.
Physical Description1 folder
Includes a small number of articles regarding Félix Candela.
Physical Description1 folder
6 folders
Alphabetical correspondence files, arranged by topic or correspondent, are followed by chronological professional correspondence files, then chronological personal correspondence files.
This series includes a group of professional and personal correspondence of Félix Candela, beginning in the 1950s. Professional correspondence primarily regards Candela's participation in several professional associations and committees, his various awards and appointments, teaching and lecturing opportunities, inquiries from graduate students writing about his work, and occasionally, building projects. Correspondence is organized in two ways, following the original groupings of materials. Professional correspondence files that Candela kept by topic or correspondent retain their original folder titles when present. Both professional and personal correspondence files that Candela grouped chronologically retain that order. In addition to letters to and from his family and friends, personal correspondence also includes some letters between Dorothy Candela and others following the death of Félix Candela in 1997.
Researchers looking for correspondence files related to specific lectures, travels, conferences, or articles should also consult relevant files in Series 2, as Candela often kept additional correspondence within his topical files on various events and projects. It should also be noted that the correspondence files in this series are not comprehensive. Much of Candela's professional correspondence, especially files regarding specific building projects, resides at the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library at Columbia University, with the papers from his company, Cubiertas Ala. The correspondence files in this series represent those he retained separately with his own papers.
Physical Description1 box
Includes meeting minutes, memoranda, and reports.
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
Also includes typescripts and translations of Billington's writings on Candela, as well as several articles and lectures by Candela.
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
Consists of a copy of Cueto Ruiz-Funes's doctoral thesis, titled Arquitectos Españoles Exiliados en México: Su Labor en la España Republicana (1931-1939) y Su Integración en México, which he sent to Candela.
Physical Description2 folders
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
Includes a photocopy of Mangus's master's thesis, titled Review of Structures for Stadiums of the 1968, 1972, 1976, and 1980 Olympic Games, along with a letter addressed to Candela and several architectural journals and clippings used as sources.
Physical Description1 folder
Includes correspondence and class notes.
Physical Description1 folder
Includes a cassette tape with an audio recording of Candela's "Poetic Structures" lecture at RIBA, as well as a copy of the slides Candela used during his presentation.
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
Includes related lists and clippings from newspapers and magazines.
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
2 folders
2 folders
This series is arranged into five subseries: Appointment Books, Student Work, Autobiography Materials, Personal Photographs, and Awards.
This series contains materials primarily related to Candela's personal life and activities, including appointment books, financial ledgers, address books, student notebooks, drawing portfolios, study guides, autobiographical writings with related clippings and documents, personal photographs of Candela traveling with his family, and various awards and honorary certificates he received throughout his career. Contents range from school work and black-and-white photographs from Candela's early education and athletic career in Spain to contemporary color photographs of Candela in his later years traveling in Europe and South America alongside his wife, Dorothy Candela. A complete run of appointment books spanning from 1968 until 1997 is also present, containing a great deal of information about his daily activities and interactions.
While materials in this series are primarily personal in nature, some also shed light on aspects of Candela's professional career, including his school notebooks and copies of study guides he wrote for structural engineering courses in college, autobiography drafts that detail his professional activities, and certain notes in his appointment books that trace his meetings with collaborators, work habits, construction schedules, travel plans, and lecture and conference participation. Of note is a draft copy of Candela's unfinished autobiography, written in the mid-1990s, which contains a lengthy and thorough narrative of his architectural career and his personal history leading up to it. Also included with the notes for his autobiography are several original personal documents and identification papers, such as passports and immigration documents from the various countries in which he held citizenship during his lifetime.
Physical Description13 boxes
Appointment books are arranged chronologically, with financial ledgers and address books at the end.
From 1968 until his death in 1997, Candela scrupulously kept daily appointment books, in which he often took notes in great detail on his day-to-day activities, primarily regarding his personal life, but also pertaining to some professional meetings and events. This subseries contains a comprehensive set of these appointment books covering a span of almost 30 years. While appointment books for some years contain more sparse notes, most contain frequent and detailed descriptions of Candela's meals, travels, phone conversations, progress with construction and renovation work on his home, personal relationships, and other matters. Also included are occasional notes about his travels to give lectures and presentations at universities and conferences around the world, his deadlines for providing drawings for design projects and collaborations, and financial matters regarding payment for his work. In addition to appointment books, this subseries also includes two expense ledgers that Candela kept alongside his daily planners, regarding his properties and his children, as well as several address books and loose pages from address books, which are filled with information about his personal and professional contacts.
Physical Description4 boxes
1 folder
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3 folders
Arranged chronologically.
This subseries includes materials related to Candela's education in architecture and structural engineering, including his preparatory drawing examinations along with notes and study guides for college courses that he took in Spain in the early 1930s. Of note are Candela's class notebooks, which contain his calculations and transcriptions from D. Luis Vegas's "Resistance of Materials" course on the theory of elasticity, which Candela took in his third year of study at La Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid. He was an exceedingly successful student in the class and later served as an assistant to the professor for the same class the following year. He also tutored other students on topics from his "Descriptive Geometry" class. Candela's notes from some of these university courses are included in this subseries, as well as study guides that he wrote based on Vegas's curriculum for "Resistence of Materials", in collaboration with his classmate, Alejandro Herrero. Also included is a portfolio of statue and figure drawings in charcoal that Candela completed as part of a preliminary examination required for entry into the architecture college, which display his artistic abilities.
Physical Description3 boxes
Includes a portfolio of 27 charcoal still life drawings of people and statues by Félix Candela for an examination at the Colegio de San Ignacio in Madrid.
Physical Description1 box
1 folder
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Files are not arranged according to any arrangement scheme.
Félix Candela wrote an autobiography in the 1990s, which was never finished. This subseries contains a copy of the complete draft of the existing autobiography, along with preliminary materials, including detailed chronologies of life events and professional projects, early chapter drafts, selected bibliographies of writings by and about Candela, lists of completed architectural works, and clippings regarding Candela and his life's work. Autobiography drafts are primarily print-outs of documents typed on a computer, for which the corresponding digital files are not a part of the collection. Also present are a transcript of an extensive recorded interview with Rafael López Palanco in 1985, several unattributed cartoon sketches of Candela, and a group of identification papers, including passports, citizenship papers, and other official documents and copies. Researchers should note that these materials are primarily in Spanish.
Physical Description1 box
2 folders
Includes a few pieces of related correspondence.
Physical Description4 folders
1 folder
1 folder
Includes typescripts, Xerox copies, and clippings of articles and interviews, likely gathered together as reference materials for Candela's autobiography.
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
Includes originals and Xerox copies of Candela's passports, naturalization certificates, and other legal documents.
Physical Description1 folder
Arranged chronologically by topic, with general categories at the end.
This subseries contains personal and travel photographs of Félix Candela, often with his family, including early black-and-white photographs, contemporary color photographs, occasional negatives and slides, and several photograph albums. Early photographs albums from the 1920s-1940s show Candela as a young athlete during his school days in Spain, as well as his trips throughout Spain and Mexico with his first wife, Eladia Martín, and their family. Prior to the Spanish Civil War, Candela was a competitive athlete in Spain, playing for the national rugby team and winning championships in both pole-vaulting and ski-jumping. Of note in this subseries is a group of photographs showing Candela competing in these and other sports, including skiing, mountain-climbing, pole-vaulting, and rugby. Also present are travel shots of Candela in later years, often accompanied by his wife, Dorothy Candela, also an architect, in locations such as British Guiana, the United States, Spain, Iran, Peru, Argentina, Armenia, Bulgaria, and England. Candela's interest in regional design styles is also reflected in his travel photographs, which include many shots of local architecture, ruins, and churches in the various countries he visited. Photographs of Candela at several gallery openings and exhibitions are also present, along with photographs of him with other architects, including Fernando Higueras.
Physical Description3 boxes
1 folder
Photographs primarily depict Candela's early career as a student and athlete in the years prior to the Spanish Civil War. Images show Candela skiing, pole vaulting, and playing rugby.
Physical Description1 folderPhotograph album
1 folderPhotograph album
Includes a sleeve of related loose photographs.
Physical Description1 folderPhotograph album
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
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1 folder
Second folder includes newspaper clippings, articles, and loose photographs, which were tucked inside the original photograph album.
Physical Description2 folders
1 folder
1 folder
Includes photographs of Candela with fellow architect, Fernando Higueras.
Physical Description1 folder
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1 folder
Includes photographs of models of Candela's designs.
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
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1 folder
Includes photographs, primarily uncaptioned contemporary color photographs, showing Candela's travels throughout Europe and the Middle East in the 1980s and 1990s, including images of Candela at various conferences, as well as general travel photographs and photographs of local architecture in Switzerland, Armenia, Persia, and Bulgaria. These photographs were removed from unmarked photograph albums, with internal folders preserving their original order.
Physical Description7 folders
2 folders
1 folder
Includes slides of Candela with his siblings in 1967, as well as undated slides of the Monastery of Daphni in Greece.
Physical Description1 folder
Arranged chronologically.
This subseries includes awards, certificates, honorary diplomas, and plaques that Candela received throughout his career recognizing his contributions to the field of architecture. Beginning in the 1960s, Candela garnered an increasing amount of attention and publicity for his work in thin-shell concrete design that lasted throughout his life as he continued to travel and lecture publicly. Although Candela never managed to continue his formal studies following his years in Madrid, he received honorary doctorates from the University of New Mexico, the University of Illinois, and Universidad de Sevilla, as well as an honorary plaque in the 1990s, recognizing his achievements, from La Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid, where he completed his education in the 1930s. Most awards and certificates on paper are described at the folder level, with three-dimensional wooden and stone plaques, requiring separate housing due to their size and weight, described individually. A partial inventory of awards present in these files, which was received with the collection, can be found in Box 4, Folder 7.
Physical Description5 boxes
Includes a partial inventory of awards that was received with the collection.
Physical Description1 folder
1 folder
1 box
1 box
1 folder
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1 folder
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2 folders
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Alphabetical subject files are followed by general architectural reference, then clippings on Candela and his work.
This series includes clippings and print materials related to architecture in general, as well as to Candela's own work, that he collected along with his papers as reference materials. After his exile from Spain following the Spanish Civil War, Candela never continued his formal study of architecture. Instead, during his early years in Mexico, he educated himself on the topic of thin-shell construction through independent reading and subscribing to various architectural journals and reviews, some of which he retained and are included in this series.
An original run of subject files includes clippings from magazines and newspapers organized topically in folders by building function, architectural style, architect, or geographical location. These files, which retain their original titles, document Candela's design influences while conceptualizing his iconic stadiums, churches, and other buildings, as well as his interest in fellow architects, including Frank Lloyd Wright, Antoni Gaudí, Pier Luigi Nervi, and Eduardo Torroja. Also included in this series are books, magazines, pamphlets, and clippings about architecture and structural design in general, along with catalogs and brochures for various construction materials and tools. Some clippings and print materials contain handwritten notes by Candela.
Clippings from magazines, newspapers, and architectural journals with articles regarding Candela and his work are also present, along with some photocopies of writing about Candela, clippings of obituaries, and VHS tapes about Candela's work.
Physical Description8 boxes
Subject files are arranged alphabetically by topic.
Includes topical reference clippings on various architectural themes and styles.
Physical Description4 boxes
1 folder
2 folders
Includes architecture in Morocco and South Africa.
Physical Description1 folder
2 folders
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3 folders
Includes 7 bound volumes on architecture and related subjects, many of which are signed and notated by Félix Candela. Of note is a 1767 copy of El Arquitecto Práctico by Antonio Plo y Camín and Jean Minguet.
Physical Description1 box
16 folders
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
1 folder
10 folders
1 folder
1 folder
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1 folder
Includes videos related to Valencia Ciudad de las Artes de Las Ciencias, Gallery M.A., Restaurante Submarino, as well as videos about the life and work of Félix Candela.
Physical Description1 box9 VHS tapes
Printed copy of Publications, First Volume, with annotations and notes by Candela.
Physical Description1 folder