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Joseph F. Lockard papers
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Held at: Historical Society of Pennsylvania [Contact Us]1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
Overview and metadata sections
Joseph F. Lockard was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Penn State University in 1935 with a degree in journalism. He found employment with an Altoona newspaper and also worked under the National Youth Administration. During World War II, he served in the Army Air Corps, 438th Troop Carrier Command, and was stationed overseas. Upon returning, he settled in Philadelphia, where he eventually met U.S. Representative William J. Green Jr., helping with his re-election to Congress in 1946. From the early 1950s to the early 1960s, Green served as chairman of Philadelphia's Democratic City Committee, and Lockard served as Green's administrative assistant. He remained in the role when Frank Smith took over as chairman in the 1960s. Lockard helped build the Democratic "machine" that helped get party leaders elected during the 1960s by signing up non-registered voters as Democrats, though his backed candidate for Philadelphia mayor, Alexander Hemphill, lost to James Tate in 1961. Lockard maintained ties to many political players, including Joseph S. Clark, Richardson Dilworth, Natalie Saxe Randall, Judge Charles Weiner, and Congressman Joshua Eilberg. After being let go from his position in 1967, Lockard obtained a political science degree from Temple University and formed his own political consulting firm, Lockard Associates. He died in Philadelphia's Chestnut Hill neighborhood in 1989.
The Joseph F. Lockard papers are devoted to his work with the Democratic City Committee of Philadelphia. The bulk of these papers were produced while Lockard worked as administrative assistant to U.S. Representative William J. Greene Jr. Intriguing groups of correspondence, memos, reports, and clippings shed light on the city’s Democratic Party’s political processes, policy creation, and election efforts. Although many documents describe political matters at the national and state levels, most of the papers in the collection highlight the local reform movement, its development, main figures, proponents and opponents. There are also papers on city ward realignment and files on Lockard's participation in Democratic national conventions from 1956 to 1964, in addition to a significant grouping of voting records arranged by ward. There are numerous subject and name files that contain a wealth of information on city issues, politicians, and businessmen during the 1960s. To a lesser extent, the papers also document Lockard’s political consulting firm’s work in the 1970s and 1980s, as well as his personal life.
The collection is grouped in two series ( Office Files and Personal Files) with the first series being subdivided into five groupings. Series I (Office Files), Subseries A (Alphabetical Files-Name and Subject) is composed of files Joseph Lockard kept on numerous figures in Pennsylvania politics, as well as papers about committees, issues, and topics Lockard was involved with. Subseries B (Elections) features data gathered (and in multiple instances authored) by Lockard for research, background, interpretation, and evaluation purposes. Lockard named most of these documents Analysis, and they are a mix of spreadsheets, charts, maps, and reports relative to city, state, and presidential elections. Subseries C (Legislation) contains copies of city and state legislative bills but more importantly features documents that describe the behind-the-scenes process involved in the formulation and production of laws at both the city and state levels. Subseries D (Philadelphia Wards) is composed of documents about the reorganization process the Philadelphia ward structure went through during the 1950s. This portion of the collection contains charts, maps, and reports in a similar vein to that of Subseries B (Elections), and in fact the overlap between both sections is evident. Researchers are advised to examine both parts of the collection to cover gaps in the subject. Subseries E (Democratic Platforms and Conventions) contains material about the Democratic national conventions Lockard attended as a delegate or alternate delegate between 1956 and 1964. In addition to documents, this portion of the collection contains medals, buttons, identification cards, and other artifacts from the conventions Lockard attended. Series II (Personal Files) is a somewhat small portion composed of papers Lockard did not file with his subject files and concerning matters and interests of a more personal nature.
I. Office Files, 1928-1988, 29 boxes
A. Alphabetical Files--Name and Subject, 12 boxes
B. Elections, 4 boxes
C. Legislation, 7 boxes
D. Philadelphia Wards, 3 boxes
E. Democratic Platforms and Conventions, 3 boxes
II. Personal Files, 1957-1988, 1 box
Gift of David L. Lockard, 2011, 2012.
This collection was processed using guidelines set out in the More Product, Less Process approach to archival processing. Original folder titles were retained and sorting and series/subseries structuring were done as broadly as possible in order not to interfere with Lockard's original order.
People
- Blatt, Genevieve, 1913-1996.
- Clark, Joseph S.
- Dilworth, Richardson, 1898-1974.
- Eilberg, Joshua.
- Leader, George M., 1918-
- Saxe Randall, Natalie, 1923-1999.
- Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965.
- Tate, James H. J. (James Hugh Joseph), 1910-
Organization
- Democratic National Committee (U.S.).
- Democratic National Convention.
- Democratic Party (Philadelphia, Pa.).
- Democratic Party.
- United States. President (1961-1963 : Kennedy).
- United States. President (1963-1969 : Johnson).
Subject
- Campaign management--United States
- Elections--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia--History--20th century
- Elections--United States--Planning
- Mayors--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia
- Municipal government--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia--20th century
- Municipal officials and employees--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia
- Municipal records--Philadelphia
- Philadelphia (Pa.)--City government--20th century
- Philadelphia (Pa.)--History--20th century
- Philadelphia (Pa.)--Officials and employees
- Philadelphia (Pa.)--Politics and government--20th century
- Philadelphia (Pa.)--Social conditions--20th century
- Political campaigns--Law and legislation--United States
- Political campaigns--Pennsylvania
Place
- Publisher
- Historical Society of Pennsylvania
- Finding Aid Author
- Finding aid prepared by Willhem Echevarria and Gabrielle Varano.
- Finding Aid Date
- ; 2013
- Sponsor
- This collection was processed as part of the Albert M. Greenfield Project. Funding for this project was provided by the Albert M. Greenfield Foundation.
- Access Restrictions
-
This collection is open for research.
- Use Restrictions
-
The contents of Folder 3, Box 29 can not be quoted, photocopied, transcribed, or reproduced until 2036.
Collection Inventory
This portion of the collection contains documents concerning city-wide issues, as well as files kept by Lockard on several personalities active in Pennsylvania politics. Among the subjects included are the construction of the Delaware Expressway (now Interstate 95); grand jury probes into the possible corruption of municipal officers of the Zoning Board of Adjustment and the Department of Licenses and Inspection; papers concerning the laying of the cornerstone for the Nazareth Hospital with funds given by the Hill-Burton Act; local and federal judicial issues, including court reform, appointment of new judges, and corruption in the courts. Also included in this subseries are papers related to the 1966 Civil Rights Conference at the White House, which was attended by many African American candidates from Philadelphia in order to achieve better representation in the City Council; the 1970 trash workers strike; issues regarding the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA); the northeast expansion of the Broad Street Subway; controversies generated by newspaper editorials claiming city employees were chosen due to patronage; and objections to a merger of the Pennsylvania and New York Central railroads. Additional subjects covered in this part of the collection include the Delaware River Basin Commission, Board of Revision of Taxes, housing issues, public utilities, and state and city budget matters.
Files on political and public figures include Francis R. Smith, James H. Tate, Richardson Dilworth, Frank Rizzo, Henry J. Cianfrani, Herbert Fineman, Joshua Eilsberg, William J. Green, Albert M. Greenfield, Alexander Hemphill, Lyndon B. Johnson, Hubert H. Humphrey, Natalie Saxe Randall, Raymond Pace Alexander, Cecil B. Moore, George M. Leader, and Robert N. C. Nix Sr., among others.
The material in this subseries examines city elections, Pennsylvania House seats, voting patterns in Pennsylvania counties, Assembly and State Senate races, the 1960 presidential election, Robert Nix’s campaign for the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, the Senatorial Reapportionment of 1971, and Republican and Democratic registration from 1954 to 1970. Most of the reports included in this portion of the collection were written by Lockard himself, either while working as administrative assistant to William J. Green and Joshua Eilberg, or as executive director of his own consulting company Lockard Associates. Documents show candidates seats, their counties, the winner, the votes, and percentages. In addition, documents show Republican-held seats compared to Democratic candidates and remarks about campaign strategies to assure more Democratic victories in upcoming elections. Races are analyzed, with charts, spreadsheets, and graphics showing the need for strong Congressional candidates and the potential number of Democratic seats. Also included in this subseries are maps showing voting patterns by ward, by division, and by county.
This part of the collection also includes booklets with detailed reports on matters related to Senator John F. Kennedy's (D-MA) run for president in the 1960 election. Analysis include possible outcomes in Pennsylvania regarding carrying the state in the election, allowing for a Democratic majority in the Assembly, and the potential influence of Kennedy’s religious background on voters.
There are also maps of Pennsylvania that show voting majorities and voter patterns by county.
Documents in this subseries are related to legislation that was intended to be passed in both the House and the Senate. Among the papers included are summaries of bills that were enacted into laws; background material for bills granting money to non-profit institutions in Philadelphia; legislation increasing the amount of building projects by school districts that were eligible for reimbursement by Pennsylvania; breakdowns of bills that were favorable and unfavorable to the Democratic Party; and legislation that would allow Philadelphia the right to pave and light sections under the Delaware Expressway (I-95). Also included in this portion of the collection are bills to legalize the opening of taverns on Sunday; opposition to a Civil Service Reorganization Bill by the Steelworkers; the Six-Year Improvement Program, which called for the transfer of funds from the State Highway and Bridge Authority for the construction of secondary roads; laws prohibiting jaywalking; the passing of a new Banking Code; drafts of the Public Welfare Code; and the amendment of the Motor Vehicle Code so that Philadelphia policemen could appear in Traffic Court only once every 60 days.Other legislative matters covered in this part of the collection are amendments to the State Employees’ Retirement Code of 1959; highway scenic improvement; the designation of the University of Pittsburgh as a State-related university; pros and cons of a reduction to the inheritance tax; the Capital Program, which was the city’s policy for long-range physical development including improvements on public buildings, transportation, water and sewer sites, and parks; and proposals providing for a comprehensive program relating to mental health and retardation. Also of note are files on legislation to build a sports stadium, which included proposed architects, criticism of the expense for tax payers, and a 1964 City Council meeting to select a site for the stadium; and the proposal for the “Northeast Expressway,” discussing its need and placement and a list of objections from constituents to Representative William J. Green since the approved route went through highly populated neighborhoods.
This subseries also contains newspaper clippings on bills proposed by the Democratic Party, such as a bill to raise the salaries and other compensation for members of certain boards and commissions.
This subseries is composed of clippings, memos, and letters on the realignment of Philadelphia’s wards, a matter that had not been examined since 1854. Documents include discussions on realignment, the need for a commission to be in charge of consolidation and realignment, calls for the public to offer suggestions during meetings, and critiques of a proposed plan that tried to evenly represent both parties. Also included are reports detailing what worked and what did not, who opposed or promoted the proposed plans, analysis of moving the boundaries of different wards, and the opinions of Benjamin Long, Philadelphia’s legislative consultant. There are also letters of recommendation and résumés of candidates for ward leaders. The remaining documents in this subseries are files on registration and voting by ward. These tables and spreadsheets cover roughly the years 1946-1956 and include wards 1-37 and 51.
The contents of this folder can not be quoted, photocopied, transcribed, or reproduced until 2036.
Materials in this subseries relate to the Democratic Party platforms and conventions. The bulk of the material is on the 1966 state platform and the Democratic Conventions for 1960 and 1964. Files on the Democratic conventions include books and brochures from each convention and lists of delegates and alternates for each year. Also included in this portion of the collection are medals, identification cards, and other artifacts and mementos from the conventions Lockard attended between 1956 and 1964.
Documents in this series include letters between friends about political and non-political events, personal monthly calendars, a file containing anonymous letters and personal attacks, material related to St. Leo’s class reunions, letters to senators, Lockard’s home inspection report, and other miscellaneous papers.