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Philadelphia Girls' Rowing Club records
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Held at: Historical Society of Pennsylvania [Contact Us]1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
Overview and metadata sections
The Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club (PGRC) was founded in 1938 by a group of seventeen women led by Ernestine Bayer, who were interested in pursuing recreational and competitive rowing. At the time of the club’s founding, rowing was widely considered a sport for men only and most of the rowing clubs along Philadelphia’s landmark Boathouse Row barred women from membership. The founding members of the club were: Ernestine Bayer, Doris Starsmore Brugger, Sally Greeley Cibort, Lenore Mongan Davis, Lovey Kohut Farrell, Betty Flavin Ford, Kay McFarland Gillen, Jeanette Waetjen Hoover, Mary Prior Jonik, Helen Muldowney Kiniry, Gladys Hauser Lux, Eileen Coughlan Mockus, Lucille Browning Nino, Jeanne Murphy Quirk, Ruth Adams Robinhold, Marge Cantwell Sonzogni, and Betty McManus Wilkins. Ernest Bayer, Ernestine’s husband and an Olympic rower, became the club’s first coach.
As luck would have it, at the same time the club was founded a clubhouse on the Row became vacant. The Philadelphia Skating Club was founded in 1849 and in 1861, when it merged with the Humane Society, was one of the first clubs to build a permanent stone structure along the banks of the Schuylkill River below the Lemon Hill estate. By 1937, rising pollution levels meant the river rarely froze solid enough to support skating, so the Skating Club chose instead to build an indoor rink at Ardmore, where they moved their base of operations. PGRC rented the building until 1962, when they were able to purchase it outright. In 1984, the building was included on the list of National Historic Landmarks as a part of Boathouse Row.
The first several years of the PGRC saw opposition and some hostility from male oarsmen in clubs along the Row. At best the women were simply shunned but at worst they had to endure catcalls while on the river and condescending press accounts that lingered over the novelty of women rowing in their shorts. The club did find some early male allies through Ernest Bayer which included Olympian Tom Curran, renowned coach Rusty Callow, and eighty-nine year old professional rower Fred Plaisted, who donated the club’s first two boats. In July 1939, the Schuylkill Navy agreed to host the first women’s race on the Schuylkill River at the end of the annual regatta as an “exhibition race” since the course was only a half mile long instead of the standard three-quarters. This race continued through the late 1950s before the women were welcome to race in other regattas.
The World War II years and the 1950s saw the slow emergence of women’s rowing clubs and teams in the United States, with small clubs concentrated on the east and west coasts. However membership at PGRC had dropped off significantly, to the point where the City of Philadelphia threatened to revoke the club’s charter. The club’s fortunes were reversed with renewed effort by some of the original members who recruited Ted Nash, a two-time Olympic gold medalist, as coach. Nash was successful in scouting new competitive members for the club and, along with coach Ed Lickiss and PGRC member Joanne Wright Iverson, was instrumental in the founding of the National Women’s Rowing Association (NWRA) in 1963. A year later, the NWRA and its member clubs were formally accepted into the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen (NAAO), the governing body of competitive rowing in the United States. Through the efforts of NWRA, women’s rowing became an official Olympic event in 1976. The NAAO and the NWRA merged in 1982 to form the current governing body, USRowing. In 1967, the crew from PGRC won the women’s eight race at the second annual National Women’s Championships in Oakland, California and ultimately secured the blessing of the NAAO to compete in the quad and eights category of the European Championships in Vichy, France. Up until this time, the United States was the only major country not to have a women’s team represented in the event. Though the PGRC crew had to drop out of the quad and came in last place in the eights, the event was significant as the first time a United States women’s rowing team competed on an international level. That same year, PGRC was finally formally admitted to the Schuylkill Navy, the amateur governing body of the rowing clubs on Boathouse Row.
In November 1973 the club began hosting its annual racing event, the Bill Braxton Memorial Regatta, named after a promising young rower from the Schuylkill Boat Club who died in a traffic accident. Proceeds from the regatta fund scholarships for rowers as college freshmen.
As of 2016, the Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club is one of the oldest operating all-female rowing clubs in the United States. The club is currently home to the Agnes Irwin School’s rowing program as part of their effort to encourage women to tap into their maximum potential as athletes. The primary mission of the club is “to ensure that all members develop the skills to feel confident on the river and safely participate in this athletic pursuit. Proficiency in the sport enhances the pleasure of rowing. To that end, the coaches, captain, and members mentor each other so that each rower develops the technical skills to feel successful in her efforts, which further drives her passion for rowing.”
The Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club records date from 1913 to 2011, with bulk dates of 1938 to 2011, and consist of the administrative and financial records of that organization as well as some additional membership records and rowing memorabilia. The Philadelphia Girls' Rowing Club (PGRC) was founded in 1938 by a group of seventeen women, one of the first rowing clubs for women in the United States and the oldest currently in operation. Its purpose is "to promote, stimulate, and support among women an interest in amateur rowing and other forms of athletics which are supplementary to this support."
The majority of the collection consists of administrative materials such as minutes, correspondence, constitution and by-laws amendments, club and rowing histories, newsletters, contracts, scholarship applications, and renovation plans. Another large portion of the collection consists of financial records such as receipts, bills, bank account statements, ledgers, tax forms, and check stubs. A smaller portion of the collection documents club events and membership activities through programs, boat logs and personal mileage records, application forms and liability waivers, dues records, scrapbooks, photographs, and ephemera such as t-shirts and patches. There are also a small number of administrative materials from the National Women's Rowing Association which include correspondence, meeting minutes, election ballots, and newsletters from that organization. The materials in this collection documents the administrative and membership activities of the club in addition to the broader development of women’s rowing in the United States and the history of the Schuylkill Navy and Boathouse Row. The collection is arranged into six series according to their original use within the club as follows: Series I. Administrative, Series II. Financial, Series III. Membership, Series IV. Events, Series V. Memorabilia, and Series VI. National Women's Rowing Association. Each series is arranged chronologically.
Series I. Administrative
a.General
b.Minutes
c.Club and rowing history
d.Other printed matter
Series II. Financial
Series III. Membership
Series IV. Events
Series V. Memorabilia
a.Photographs and ephemera
b.Audio-visual items
c.Artifacts
Series VI. National Women's Rowing Association records
Subject
- Bayer, Ernestine, 1905 or 1906-1997
- Boathouses--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia
- Regattas--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia
- Rowing clubs--History
- Rowing clubs--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia
- Rowing--Social aspects--United States
- Rowing--United States--History
Place
- Publisher
- Historical Society of Pennsylvania
- Finding Aid Author
- Finding aid prepared by Megan Evans.
- Finding Aid Date
- ; 2016.
- Sponsor
- The preservation, arrangement, and description of this collection was made possible by the generous donors of the 2015 Founder’s Award live charitable auction for women’s history collections at HSP and Maxine and Howard Lewis.
- Access Restrictions
-
The collection is open for research.
Collection Inventory
Series I. Administrative dates from 1913 to 2011, with bulk dates of 1938 to 2011, and contains the administrative records of the Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club. The materials in this series document the administrative activities and governance of the club as well as articles and information about the club, boathouse, women in rowing, and rowing in general. The series is divided into four subseries which are arranged chronologically.
Subseries I.a. General dates from 1941 to 2009 and consists of general administrative papers which include correspondence, invitations, newsletters, constitutions and by-laws, scholarship applications, renovation plans, contracts, insurance information, grant applications, clippings, minutes, reports, and boat sign out sheets. The majority of the materials in this subseries were originally housed in large three-ring binders. Rather than separating the materials, their original order was maintained to reflect their use within the club. The materials in this subseries are arranged chronologically.
Subseries I. b. Minutes dates from 1938 to 2001 and consists of meeting minutes and related materials of the Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club. Most of the materials represented in this subseries consist of the meeting minutes of the board of directors and the monthly membership meetings. Related materials connected to the meeting minutes include correspondence and committee reports. The materials are arranged chronologically.
Subseries I. c. Club and rowing history dates from 1953 to 2011 and consists of articles, narratives, clippings, and books regarding the history of the Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club and some of its members as well as the history of the boathouse. Topics also documented in this subseries include rowing, women in rowing, the Schuylkill Navy, and Boathouse Row. Of particular interest in this subseries is a master’s thesis by University of Pennsylvania historic preservation student, Anna Stillner, entitled “The Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club: An Incremental Historic Structure Report” which details the history of the boathouse. The subseries is arranged chronologically.
Subseries I. d. Other printed matter dates from 1913 to 2011, with bulk dates of 1943 to 2011, and contains printed or published material that does not readily fit into the other subseries in series I. This material includes articles, clippings, almanacs, and books regarding Boathouse Row, other rowing clubs and organizations, and rowing and athletics in general. The subseries is arranged chronologically.
Series II. Financial dates from 1938 to 2009 and contains the financial records of the Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club. These materials include ledgers, bills, receipts, check stubs, bank account statements, and audit reports. The materials document the club’s expenses for equipment and maintenance of the boathouse as well as events, fundraising activities, and other sources of income. The series is arranged chronologically.
Series III. Membership dates from 1938 to 2010 and contains materials pertaining to members and membership activities of Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club. The majority of the series consists of membership application forms and liability waivers, which all new and returning members were required to fill out annually. Another large part of the series consists of boat and individual member mileage logs, where members recorded the miles they rowed during their outings at the club. Also included in the series are records of membership dues paid, meeting attendance, directories, and contact lists. The materials document the names and activities of individual members of PGRC from the beginning of the club, as well as the overall fluctuation in club membership over the years. The series is arranged chronologically.
Series IV. Events dates from 1949 to 2011, with bulk dates of 1978 to 2011, and includes event programs, invitations, planning materials, schedules, and participant waivers, which document the events sponsored by Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club as well as events in which club members participated. Particularly well represented in this series are the programs for the annual Bill Braxton Memorial regatta which has been hosted by the club since it was first held in 1973. Of particular interest in this series may be a folder of early event invitations which includes a letter from famed rower and brother of Grace Kelly, John Kelly, Jr. The materials are arranged chronologically.
Series V. Memorabilia dates from 1938 to 2011 and contains materials that can be considered keepsakes or mementos and that document the visual history of the Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club and well as individual member’s involvement and friendships. These materials include photographs, scrapbooks, ephemera, medals, patches, and audio visual materials. Of particular interest in Subseries a. Photographs and ephemera may be a folder of material containing postcards from Jack Kelly, Jr. while competing at the Henley Regatta in London in 1947. Also of interest may be two scrapbooks compiled by Sophie Socha from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, which include numerous clippings, photographs, programs, and other ephemera. This series is arranged chronologically within three subseries, which are divided by material type.
Series VI. National Women's Rowing Association dates from 1974 to 1998, with bulk dates of 1974 to 1989, and contains some administrative materials from that organization. The National Women's Rowing Association (NWRA) was founded by PGRC member Joanne Wright Iverson along with coaches Ed Lickiss and Ted Nash in 1963. The NWRA merged with the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen in 1984 to form the current governing body for all competitive rowing in the United States, USRowing. This series contains correspondence, meeting minutes, constitutions and by-laws, membership lists, newsletters, officer election ballots, and fundraising documents. The series is arranged chronologically.