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World fairs and expositions collection
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Held at: University of Delaware Library Special Collections [Contact Us]181 South College Avenue, Newark, DE 19717-5267
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the University of Delaware Library Special Collections. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
Overview and metadata sections
Beginning with the Great Exhibition of 1851, world fairs have promoted and stimulated industry, progress, commerce, education, and amusement. International in scope, yet an opportunity for national and local pride, each fair attempted to outdo its predecessor in size, grandeur, and novelty. World's Fairs have made lasting contributions to technology and architecture, as well as to the development of a new commodity culture born from the emphasis on industry and progress.
It was at these exhibitions that many advancements in science and technology made their debut, including Alexander Graham Bell's telephone (at the Centennial Exhibition in 1876) and the Ferris wheel (at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition.) The impermanent structures that housed the exhibitions and transformed a space into a different world have also made a lasting impact on architecture and urban planning. Buildings and centerpieces in an array of architectural styles, many designed by leading architects of the time, such as Norman Bel Geddes (the Futurama exhibit of the 1939 New York World's Fair), from the traditional to the ultra-modern, embody progress and reflect the theme of peaceful cultural exchange.
Jackson, Anna. Expo: International Expositions, 1851-2010. London: V&A Publishing, 2008.Meyer, Jonathan. Great Exhibitions: London, New York, Paris, Philadelphia, 1851-1900. Woodbridge, Suffolk, England: Antique Collectors Club, 2006.
This artificial collection comprises a variety of material documenting world fairs and expositions, spanning the dates between 1851 and 1967, with the bulk of the collection dating from the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. Material consists of printed matter and ephemera, including newspapers, programs, invitations, maps, brochures, viewbooks, advertisements, stationery, contracts, bonds, trade cards, and a scrapbook; photographs and prints; and realia souvenirs.
The collection is arranged chronologically by fair, in ten series: I. The Great Exhibition, London; II. Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia; III. World's Cotton Centennial, New Orleans, Louisiana; IV. World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago; V. Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, New York; VI. Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, Missouri; VII. Panama-Pacific Exposition, San Francisco; VIII. 1939 New York World's Fair; IX. 1964 New York World's Fair; and X. 1967 International and Universal Exposition (Expo 67), Montreal.
As the world fairs were venues for commercial enterprise, a variety of advertisement and trade cards are present in the collection, including Pears Soap, a company which made significant use of pictorial advertising in the nineteenth century.
Further materials related to the world fairs and expositions are cataloged with imprints in Special Collections and can be found by searching DELCAT.
- Box 1: Shelved in SPEC MSS manuscript boxes (upright manuscript boxes)
- Box 2: Shelved in SPEC MSS manuscript boxes (1 inch)
- Box 3: Shelved in SPEC MSS oversize boxes (17 inches)
- Box 4: Shelved in SPEC MSS oversize boxes (18 inches)
- Box 5: Shelved in SPEC MSS oversize boxes (20 inches)
- Box 6: Shelved in SPEC MSS oversize boxes (24 inches)
- Box 7: Shelved in SPEC MSS oversize boxes (28 inches)
Multiple accessions, including purchases, 1980-1988; and gifts, 2001.
Processed and encoded by Maureen Cech, December 2010.
Organization
- Great Exhibition (1851 : London, England)
- Centennial Exhibition (1876 : Philadelphia, Pa.)
- World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition (1884-1885 : New Orleans, La.)
- World's Columbian Exposition (1893 : Chicago, Ill.)
- Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.)
- Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1904 : Saint Louis, Mo.)
- Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915 : San Francisco, Calif.)
- New York World's Fair (1939-1940 : New York, N.Y.)
- New York World's Fair (1964-1965 : New York, N.Y.)
- Expo (International Exhibitions Bureau) (1967 : Montréal, Québec)
- Punch (London, England)
- Pears (A. & F.) Limited
Subject
- Exhibitions--United States--History--19th century
- Exhibitions--United States--History--20th century
- Exhibitions--England--London--History--19th century
Place
- London (England)--History--19th century
- Philadelphia (Pa.)--History--19th century
- New Orleans (La.)--History--19th century
- Chicago (Ill.)--History--19th century
- Buffalo (N.Y.)--History--20th century
- Saint Louis (Mo.)--History--20th century
- San Francisco (Calif.)--History--20th century
- New York (N.Y.)--History--20th century
- Montréal (Québec)--History--20th century
- Publisher
- University of Delaware Library Special Collections
- Finding Aid Author
- University of Delaware Library, Special Collections
- Finding Aid Date
- 2010 December 20
- Access Restrictions
-
The collection is open for research.
- Use Restrictions
-
Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce isrequired from the copyright holder. Please contact Special Collections Department, University of Delaware Library, https://library.udel.edu/static/purl.php?askspec
Collection Inventory
The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations (commonly referred to as The Great Exhibition) was the first World's Fair, held in London’s Hyde Park from May 1 to October 15, 1851. Organized by Prince Albert and other members of the Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA), the Great Exhibition celebrated Great Britain's industrial and technological achievements, epitomized by the Crystal Palace, a 990,000-square foot edifice of cast-iron and glass in which the exhibition was held. This series consists of a single item, a special issue of the newspaper
Punch, titled "Records of the Great Exhibition, Extracted from Punch."Special large issue of
Punch, issued XXXX Physical LocationRemoved to SPEC MSS oversize boxes (24 inches)
The Centennial International Exposition was the first World’s Fair held in the United States. Commemorating the centennial of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, hosted the Centennial Exposition from May 10 to October 10, 1876. Boasting 250 separate pavilions, the Exposition showcased the United States' scientific and technological innovations, achievements in art and culture, and advancements in trade and industry accomplished during its short history. This series comprises ephemera, albumen prints, and realia souvenirs, including a trade card and five wooden Centennial Medals depicting various Exposition buildings.
Four prints of botanical exhibits, possibly in the Horticulture Building and a German artillery exhibit, possibly in the German government building. Mounted on board.
Physical LocationRemoved to SPEC MSS oversize boxes (20 inches)
Five black walnut centennial medals depicting buildings from the Exposition: Memorial Hall, Machinery Hall, Horticultural Hall, Main Building, Agricultural Hall. Includes original box.
Physical LocationShelved in SPEC MSS oversize boxes (17 inches)
The World Cotton Centennial commemorated the centennial of the earliest record of a shipment of cotton exported from the United States in 1784. New Orleans, Louisiana, served as a major hub of the cotton industry in the United States, including the Cotton Exchange (1871-1964). This series comprises one weaving of an unidentified building.
Weaving of an unidentified building, possibly from the World Cotton Centennial, as the matte bears a faded date of 1884-1885.
The World's Columbian Exposition, also known as the Chicago World's Fair, was held in Chicago, Illinois, from May 1 to October 30, 1893, to commemorate the four-hundredth anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in North America in 1492. Several leading architects were responsible for the design of exhibition buildings, including George B. Post, Sophia Hayden, Charles McKim, and Richard Morris Hunt. The Columbian Exposition was the first World's Fair to include a separate amusement area, called the Midway Plaisance, which featured the world's first Ferris wheel, which had been an attempt to outdo the Eiffel Tower, the centerpiece of the Paris World’s Fair of 1889. The Exposition also showcased the city's progress since its devastation by the Great Chicago Fire in 1871. The bulk of collection comprises material from the Columbian Exposition and contains advertisements, trade cards, invitations, programs, contracts, a scrapbook, photographic prints, and realia souvenirs, including a silk scarf, weavings, and a stereoscope.
Includes advertisements likely circulated after the Exposition. Consists of an advertisement for a lecture about the Exposition and a small brochure supporting the restoration of the Fine Arts Building.
Includes information on Exposition buildings. Missing pages.
Includes invitations to dedicatory exercises and private viewings of exhibits.
Standard contract, likely for the construction of buildings and other edifices for the Exposition. Includes envelope. From the Office of D.H. Burnham, Director of Works. Addressed to J. L. Hamlin.
Physical LocationRemoved to SPEC MSS oversize boxes (18 inches)
Two bond certificates. Also included is a small pamphlet about the issuance of the bonds, including the estimated financial resources of the Exposition.
Personal scrapbook kept by unknown. Included are handwritten accounts of Decoration Day (precursor to Memorial Day) ceremony held in Chicago, circa 1897. Officiating were John A. Logan and N.P. Chipman. Another handwritten entry (incomplete) mentions specific Civil War battles and the monument dedicated to Taylor's Battery, Company B, First Regiment, Illinois Light Artillery. Scrapbook includes programs and photographs from the World's Columbian Exposition.
Four trade cards for various products available from Enterprise Manufacturing Company of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Removed to SPEC MSS oversize boxes (24 inches)
Removed to SPEC MSS oversize boxes (28 inches)
Removed to SPEC MSS oversize boxes (24 inches)
Depicts the Naval exhibit, the Pier, and the Fisheries Building.
Physical LocationRemoved to SPEC MSS oversize boxes (18 inches)
6 prints of exhibition areas, including the Peristyle and the Statue of the Republic; views of the Colonnade; the Manufactures Building; the Art Building; views from the Grand Basin; and the Agricultural Building. World's Columbian Exposition Department of Photography, Chief: C.D. Arnold.
26 stereographs depicting construction of various exhibit areas. For use with stereoscope [see FX].
Cabinet card of unidentified woman. Inscription on back: "To Lady Ruth / … / In Memory of Eleanor Carey."
Includes Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building, Agriculture Building, and Electricity Building, among others.
Unspecified building.
Silk scarf woven at the exhibition. Embroidered with the name "David C. Cook, Jr."
Physical LocationRemoved to SPEC MSS oversize boxes (20 inches)
Souvenir stereoscope. See FX for stereographs.
Physical LocationShelved in SPEC MSS oversize boxes (17 inches)
Thimble-shaped felt and cardboard calendar commemorating the exposition.
Depicts aerial view of the fairgrounds.
Physical LocationShelved in SPEC MSS oversize boxes (17 inches)
Silk weaving depicting Columbus departing Spain in 1492.
The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York, from May 1 to November 2, 1901. The Exposition showcased Buffalo's role as a center of industry, due mainly to its hydroelectric power and proximity to Niagara Falls. On September 6, 1901, President William McKinley was assassinated outside of the Temple of Music, an event that invariably cast a pall over the remaining month of the Fair. This series consists of two postcards, one a publicity postcard detailing achievements and costs of the Fair, and another showing a map of several exhibition buildings.
The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, held in St. Louis, Missouri, commemorated the hundredth anniversary of the Louisiana Purchase (one year late). From April 30 to December 1, 1904, the Exposition attracted approximately 20 million visitors. This series consists of a costume fan that depicts an illustration of the land acquired through the Louisiana Purchase and a map of the fairgrounds.
Map of the fairgrounds advertising the Boer War and National South African exhibit.
Physical LocationRemoved to SPEC MSS oversize boxes (24 inches)
Shelved in SPEC MSS oversize boxes (17 inches)
Held in San Francisco, California, the Panama-Pacific International Exposition celebrated the completion of the Panama Canal and the four-hundredth anniversary of the discovery of the Pacific Ocean by the explorer Vasco Nunez de Balboa. This series comprises two souvenir felt pennants.
Two souvenir felt pennants depicting the official seal of the Exposition and an illustration of Festival Hall.
Physical LocationRemoved to SPEC MSS oversize boxes (28 inches)
The 1939 New York World’s Fair has been touted as the last of the great American World’s Fairs. One of the most popular American fairs, the Fair attracted nearly 45 million visitors between its two season with themes of unlimited progress through technology and an idealized American family. This series contains ten black-and-white photographs depicting various Fair buildings and structures, including the Trylon and Perisphere, the Lagoon of Nations (Italian Pavilion, French Pavilion, Soviet Pavilion), the Court of Peace, the Ford Building and the General Motors Building.
Held on the same site as the 1939 New York World’s Fair, the 1964 Fair was not recognized by the Bureau International des Exposition, leading to a lack of participation from major World’s Fair players such as Canada, the Soviet Union, Australia, and various European countries. The Fair showcased a variety of mid-twentieth-century technologies, including space exploration, then in its infancy, and animatronics designed by The Walt Disney Company. This series comprises one souvenir metal dish that depicts an illustration of the Unisphere.
Metal dish depicting the Unisphere. Manufactured by United States Steel.
Physical LocationShelved in SPEC MSS oversize boxes (17 inches)
Canada’s first World’s Fair, Expo 67 celebrated the centennial of the confederation of Canada in 1867. Hosting 62 participating countries, the Expo attracted approximately 50 million visitors. This series consists of a ticket order form contained in an issue of
Playbill.Ticket order form and list of events; in issue of
Playbill, February 1967.