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Conard-Pyle Company records
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Held at: University of Delaware Library Special Collections [Contact Us]181 South College Avenue, Newark, DE 19717-5267
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the University of Delaware Library Special Collections. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
Overview and metadata sections
The Conard-Pyle Company of West Grove, Pennsylvania was a large horticultural enterprise that specialized in the cultivation and hybridization of roses. It was founded in 1897, and established a large magazine-based advertizing campaign and mail order business. According to a Company history, Conard-Pyle can take credit for several "firsts" in commercial horticulture in the United States, particularly in the development of new varieties of roses. The Company is best known for its famed Star Roses, most notably the world-famous Peace Rose. The Peace Rose was "provided to delegates from around the world as they met in San Francisco on April 25, 1945, to form the United Nations" (Thomas p.1).
The Conard-Pyle Company was founded in 1897, but can trace its roots back to 1874 when Charles Dingee (1825-1911) and Alfred Conard (1835-1906) started Harmony Grove Nursery. Charles Dingee was a former dairy farmer and Alfred Conard was descended from a German Quaker farming family. Dingee and Conard originally specialized in fruit trees, but soon began producing roses at the request of Mrs. Dingee (Conard-Pyle Company, History, p.1). Despite their success -or perhaps, because of it - Dingee and Conard had a falling out in 1892 that ultimately ended their partnership. Dingee continued his operation of the Dingee & Conard Company until his death in 1911.
In 1897, Conard joined with Antoine Wintzer and S. Morris Jones to form the Conard and Jones Company. Wintzer, a hybridizer who hailed from Alsace Lorraine, had left the Dingee and Conard Company around the same time as Conard. Both men established small nurseries across the street from the Dingee and Conard Company nursery. S. Morris Jones, a dairy farmer whose land bridged the gap between Conard and Wintzer's land, was persuaded to invest his land in the new company (Conard-Pyle Company, History, p.2). The Conard and Jones Company was incorporated on June 3, 1897, with Wintzer serving as head nurseryman. The company operated as a mail order nursery and seed business that sold their own root-roses while still small.
Successful merchant Robert L. Pyle invested in the company in 1898. Two years later his son, Robert Pyle (March 7, 1877-September 28, 1951) joined the company as a helper, and soon worked his way up to Director of Marketing. The business bloomed under his direction (Quillman, p.49). Conard died in 1906 and in 1907 Robert Pyle and his father purchased Conard's share of the company. Robert Pyle became President, and that same year made history by marketing the slogan, "Guaranteed to Bloom". It was the first time in the horticulture industry that product was sold to consumers with a guarantee (Conard-Pyle Company, p.5). Pyle soon came to believe that specialization was the key to success, and choose roses as the company's new focus (Conard-Pyle Company, The History of Conard-Pyle, p. 3). In 1908 he trademarked the term "Star Roses" as a way to distinguish the company's roses from the competition.
S. Morris Jones retired in 1923, and the name of the company was changed to Conard-Pyle (Conard-Pyle, Company, p.1). Soon after the company purchased additional land in Jennersville, Pennsylvania and established the Red Rose Inn, which held an annual "Red Rose Rent Day" event. In 1930, Antoine Wintzer died and Sidney Hutton was hired as the new business manager. Soon after his sons Sidney Jr. and Richard joined the company.
The United States Plant Patent Act passed in 1930 and Conard-Pyle began to develop and patent new varieties of roses. "Conard-Pyle was among the first to patent new roses and license other leading nurseries to grow and sell them" (Thomas, p.2). In 1932 Conard-Pyle entered a partnership with French hybridizer Francis Meilland's company, The House of Meilland. When war descended upon Europe in 1939, Meilland made an effort to save a new rose variety he had developed. He sent parcels of the new rose to associates in Germany and Italy, as well as to Conard-Pyle. After several successful trials across the United States, the famous "Peace" Rose was patented in 1943 and officially unveiled on the day Berlin fell to Allied forces (Conard-Pyle Company, The History of Conard-Pyle, p. 4). The Peace Rose was distributed to delegates as they arrived at the first meeting of the United Nations in 1945. Almost every new rose today is a descendant of the Peace Rose.
Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, the Conard-Pyle Company continued to successfully develop and patent numerous award-winning roses. Upon Pyle's death in 1951, the Huttons purchased the company and Sidney B. Hutton, Sr. became president. He was succeeded as president by his sons Sidney B. (Beany) Hutton, Jr. in 1964 and Richard J. (Dick) Hutton in 1974. In 1978, Conard-Pyle dissolved its retail garden center and mail order business and to become a strictly wholesale nursery business. In 1986 Steven B. Hutton became president of Conard-Pyle (Conard-Pyle Company, The History of Conard-Pyle, p. 4). As of 2011, Conard-Pyle continues to develop and market quality and award-winning plants.
Conard-Pyle Company, Conard-Pyle: A Company on the Move. Undated. University of Delaware Special Collections, Conard-Pyle collection folders. Conard-Pyle Company, CP History by decades. 1996. University of Delaware Special Collections, Conard-Pyle collection folders. Conard-Pyle Company, The History of Conard-Pyle. 1989. University of Delaware Special Collections, Conard-Pyle collection, Box 15 Folder 278. Conard-Pyle Company, Planting Roots for the Future. 2010. http://www.conard-pyle.com/attachments/pages/new_cp_capabilities.pdf Quillman, Catherine. (Summer 1994). "The Subject is Roses" inChester County Town & Living. Thomas, Neil. Unpublished letter. November 4, 2003.
The Conard-Pyle Company records contain material relating to the business activities of an influential and successful nursery company, created over more than one hundred years. The papers chronicle Conard-Pyle's evolution from a small-scale retail business to an influential wholesaler, as well as the financial, legal and marketing concerns of a major nursery company. The collection provides a unique look at the activities of a large-scale plant nursery, providing insight into the processes of plant breeding, patenting, marketing and sales. In addition, the collection serves as a window to the nursery industry as a whole, due to significant correspondence between Conard-Pyle and other nurseries and materials relating to professional organizations and societies within the nursery community.
The collection is divided into eleven series; "Company administration and operation, 1891-1999," "Financial records, 1897-1997," "Legal records, 1903-1981," "Patents and licensing, 1931-1999," "Marketing, promotions and advertising, 1897-2000", "Meilland, 1947-1992," "Images, audio and film, 1900-1995," "Professional organizations, 1925-1997," "Trade shows, 1964-1998," "Individual flowers, 1905-1991," and "Plaques, awards, and ephemera, 1915-1997." Several of these series are further divided into subseries. See each series for further information about the contents.
Boxes 1-99: Shelved in SPEC MSS record center cartons
Boxes 101-102: Shelved in SPEC MSS shoeboxes
Boxes 103-105, 112: Shelved in SPEC MSS manuscript boxes
Boxes 106-111: Shelved in SPEC MSS manuscript boxes (1 inch)
Box 113: Shelved in SPEC MSS oversize boxes (17 inches)
Box 117-122: Shelved in SPEC MSS oversize boxes (18 inches)
Digitized versions of the three files that comprise "Peace rose, story, 1945-1971" in Series X. Individual flowers, are available at the University of Delaware Digital Institutional Repository.
Gift of Richard J. Hutton, chairman of the Conard-Pyle Company, 2000.
Processed and encoded by Jenna Marrone and Brian Stewart, April 2010. Additional encoding by Jaime Margalotti, February 2012.
The processing of this collection was made possible through generous funding from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, administered through the Council on Library and Information Resources' "Cataloging Hidden Special Collections and Archives" Project.
Organization
Subject
- Gardening--History--19th century
- Gardening--History--20th century
- Horticulture--History--19th century
- Horticulture--History--20th century
- Marketing
- Nurseries (Horticulture)--History--19th century
- Nurseries (Horticulture)--History--20th century
- Plants, Cultivated--Patents--History--19th century
- Plants, Cultivated--Patents--History--20th century
- Roses--History--19th century
- Roses--History--20th century
- Publisher
- University of Delaware Library Special Collections
- Finding Aid Author
- University of Delaware Library, Special Collections
- Finding Aid Date
- 2011 May 4
- Access Restrictions
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The collection is open for research.
- Use Restrictions
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Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce isrequired from the copyright holder. Please contact Special Collections Department, University of Delaware Library, https://library.udel.edu/static/purl.php?askspec
Collection Inventory
Contains material related to the daily operation of Conard-Pyle Company. This series is further subdivided into seven subseries: "General correspondence and memoranda, 1891-1997," "Foreign correspondence, 1938-1994," "Employees, 1925-1996," "Sam Rizzi, Senior Vice President, 1983-1991," "Speeches, trips, and events, 1944-1993," "Research and registrations, 1911-1997," and "Company operation files, 1962-1999." Original folder titles were retained whenever possible.
Contains the correspondence of Conard-Pyle staff, as well as intra- and inter-office memoranda. Subjects include correspondence relating to financial, legal and general issues, in addition to correspondence with garden clubs, fellow rose growers, hybridizers, and business associates. Of particular interest are correspondence books dating from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, correspondence regarding Conard-Pyle controversies, and sympathy letters sent following the death of Sidney B. Hutton, Sr. This series is arranged alphabetically.
Contains correspondence between representatives of the Conard-Pyle Company with individuals, other nursery companies, and rose societies in Europe, Asia, South America, Australia and New Zealand. Correspondence topics include new rose varieties and rose trials, as well as arrangements for licensing, purchasing and selling plant products internationally. This series is arranged alphabetically by country name, and further alphabetized by correspondent. Miscellaneous correspondence can be found at the end of each country listing.
Contains material related to Conard-Pyle Company staffing, staff activities, and an extensive trainee program. There are office files regarding employee duties, as well as multiple versions of Conard-Pyle's employee policies, guides and handbooks. The bulk of this subseries is comprised of files concerning individual trainees and the materials relating to their recruitment. This subseries is arranged alphabetically by subject.
Contains the records of Conard-Pyle Senior Vice President Sam Rizzi. A Certified Public Accountant, Rizzi worked his way from financial officer to Sales Manager, before becoming Senior Vice President at Conard-Pyle. Materials in this subseries include travel itineraries for staff trips both at home and abroad; speeches, including those of Richard and Sidney Hutton; correspondence; and meeting minutes. Also included is a large selection of material relating to the planning, marketing and execution of Red Rose Rent Day. This subseries is arranged alphabetically by subject.
Includes materials related to staff trips, both within the United States and abroad. Employees represented include Sidney B. Hutton Sr., Sidney B. Hutton Jr., or "Beany," Richard Hutton, Robert Pyle, Richard Vanderbilt, Steve Hutton, George Hart, and George Ohlhus. Traveling staff members maintained travelogues and diaries detailing their trips, and, in addition, sent frequent letters and reports that were sent back to Company headquarters. This subseries also contains copies of speeches given at events, as well as published articles written by Conard-Pyle staff. In addition, materials related to Conard-Pyle's celebration of Red Rose Rent Day can be found here. This event, held annually in September, celebrated the symbolic yearly rent payment of one red rose for the Conard-Pyle-owned Red Rose Inn. This subseries is arranged alphabetically by subject.
Contains a collection of research articles, plant reports, and gardening 'how-tos', many of which were likely used as reference materials by Conard-Pyle staff. Subjects represented here include rose propagation, industry customer service, soil conservation, and under-glass rose cultures. This subseries also includes pesticide and fertilizer registrations for Pennsylvania and Maryland. This subseries is arranged alphabetically by subject.
Document the Company's daily operations. Materials are primarily administrative in nature and are not directly related to growing or hybridizing roses. For example, Chester County business directories, office equipment brochures, and office supply order lists are typical of the type of information researchers will find. Of particular interest are historical summaries of Conard-Pyle, of which there are several. This subseries is arranged alphabetically by subject.
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Series II, "Financial records, 1897 - 1997," includes transactional and documentary material concerning financial activities conducted during the course of retail and wholesale business at Conard-Pyle. There are sales invoices, journals of operating expenses, bank account summaries, and annual financial reports. Some of the sales books, as well as additional account books, are in the form of oversize ledgers, and are stored apart from the majority of the series content. The large number of sales books in this series is particularly notable, as they provide an unbroken financial history of the company's retail operations, dating from the company's founding as Conard-Jones in 1897 to the permanent cessation of the retail business in 1978. Unfortunately, there are no records to document the receipt or payment of royalty monies as these transactions fell under the domain of a separate Licensing Department when active. They may be found alongside the records of that department in series IV. This series is arranged alphabetically by subject.
Series III, "Legal records, 1903-1981," contains the records of the Conard-Pyle Company's Legal Department, and include records concerned with adherence to government regulations; official contracts such as property deeds, information concerning laws relevant to the company's local and national operations; and documentation of any litigation undertaken by the company. Specifically, researchers will find deeds and contracts relating to the Wintzer property, summaries of Anti-Trust and Fair Trade laws, Maryland and Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture regulations, and material relating to Conard-Pyle's acquisition of the William Penn Nursery company. Also included in this series are court documents and legal correspondence relating to infringement litigation undertaken against Frank's Nursery, Raycon/Windy Acres, and Thuron Industries. Please note that some material in this series are restricted. Please consult the archivist for further information. This series is arranged alphabetically by subject.
Series IV, "Patents and licensing, 1931-1999," contains the records of the Conard-Pyle Company's Licensing Department, and includes records relating to the acquisition and distribution of licensed plants, the receipt or payment of royalties, the patenting of plant varieties and the budding and propagation of licensed plants under contract. Materials in this series include correspondence and transactional records concerning licensees such as Hebron Holly Garden and Dreahook Azalea Farm, as well as various licensors. This series also includes a significant amount of documentation relating to license agreements with Devor Nurseries, as well as License Department revenue reports, royalty payments paid and received, and official records of several thousand plant patents received by the Conard-Pyle Company between 1931 and 1970. Records concerning contract budding, a method by which the propagation of large quantities of licensed roses are outsourced to third-party growers, may also be found in this series, and are represented by growth reports by year, budding inventories and shipment reports. This series is arranged alphabetically by subject.
Series V, "Marketing, promotions and advertising, 1876-2000," contains material related to Conard-Pyle's advertising and marketing operations. This series is further organized into nine subseries: "Advertising, 1910-1991," "Catalogs, 1876-2000," "Price lists and buyer's guides, 1973-1999," "Mail order, 1960-1999," "Catalog production records, 1957-1994," "Publishing firms, 1964-1988," "Rose show covers, 1972-1985," "Press releases, 1963-1990," and "Catalogs for other nurseries, circa 1970-1990." Original folder titles were retained whenever possible.
Contains all materials related to Conard-Pyle's promotion, publicity, and advertising, for both individual flower varieties and for the company as a whole. In particular, there is correspondence with advertising agencies such as Charles Blum Advertising, Dickson Associates Advertising, and the Fondren/Miller Advertising Agency, as well as magazine advertisements and promotional materials. The promotional material forms the bulk of the subseries, and consists of printed flyers, inserts, mailers, folders and advertising posters for the company and individual flowers, all of which were distributed to customers with catalogs or by mail. The majority of this material pertains to the company's retail business before its 1970s conversion to an exclusively wholesale enterprise. This subseries is arranged alphabetically by subject.
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Consists of published Dingee and Conard, Conard and Jones, and Conard-Pyle Company catalogs. Catalogs from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century may be of particular interest to researchers, particularly for their visual impact. The catalog covers are decorated with outstanding graphic representations of roses and other subjects. Also included are the catalogs for Star Roses, Star Mums and Meilland, as well as wholesale and nursery catalogs. This subseries is arranged chronologically by catalog distribution date and season.
Includes product price lists, in particular Meilland and wholesale price lists. Buyer's guides can also be found in this subseries. This subseries is arranged chronologically by growing season.
Contains Conard-Pyle Company mail order forms and mail order schedules. Both retail and wholesale order forms are present, and represent items distributed with catalogs or other mailed advertising items. This subseries is arranged alphabetically by subject.
Contains materials used in creating Conard-Pyle Company catalogs and other printed advertising. Though containing primarily preparatory material, records are filed according to the end-result product. Included in this subseries are production files for Conard-Pyle Company Spring, Fall, and Mum catalogs, as well as original paintings, sketches, additional artwork and plate books. A large collection of letterpress printing plates that were used to print images, slogans and logos, can also be found in this subseries. This subseries is arranged chronologically.
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Chronicles the interaction between the Conard-Pyle Company and various commercial presses and publishers contracted to print advertising material. This subseries includes correspondence with publishers such as Acorn, Colour Pictures Publishers, Apple, Chambers and the McFarland Company. Other material includes business forms, price quotations, and sample printed material. Many of the folders are arranged by publishing company, but there is also a significant amount of miscellaneous printing material. This series is arranged alphabetically by subject.
Contains rose show covers produced by the Conard-Pyle Company. Produced in large quantities and bearing the images of new or award-winning rose varieties, these items were sold or distributed to be used as brochure or program covers, or as folders covering other promotional material. This subseries is arranged chronologically by production date.
contains Conard-Pyle Company news releases. The majority of the content in this subseries concerns the debut of particular rose varieties. Also included in this subseries are copies of the Conard-Pyle newsletter,
CP Profiles , as well as press lists, press program information, and public relations materials. This subseries is arranged alphabetically by subject.Contain catalogs of competing or cooperating nurseries, collected by Conard-Pyle for the purpose of identifying plant varieties for purchase, or to compare with Conard-Pyle products for other purposes. This subseries is arranged alphabetically by nursery name.
Includes documentation relating to the longstanding professional friendship and business partnership between the Conard-Pyle Company and the Meilland family's rose breeding interest, which would be known as Universal Rose Selection (now Meilland International). The material in this series is representative of the lengthy partnership between the two companies, through which Conard-Pyle marketed Meilland rose varieties in the United States. Researchers will find descriptions of Meilland roses, rose name selection, Meilland promotional material, and a large number of meeting minutes dating from 1955 to 1983. The majority of this series, however, consists of correspondence between representatives of Conard-Pyle and representatives of Universal Rose Selection, as well as between Sidney Hutton and Alain Melliand, who took his father Francis' place as head of the company in 1957. The correspondence is generally limited to business-related subject matter, such as the acquisition of patents and background material for publicity of Meilland roses, and the scheduling of business meetings between Sidney Hutton and Alain Meilland. This series is arranged alphabetically by subject.