Enclosed with No. 395. Comments on futility of making concessions to Germany in vain hope that she will be conciliated; recalls gratuitous concessions of last twenty years during which a perpetual state of tension has existed between England and Germany.

Typed Document Copy, 1 p.

Describes reception in Antwerp of Crown Prince Leopold and Princess Astrid following their marriage.

Typed Document, 13 p.

Press release from the Secretary of State re the disturbances in Palestine and the efforts of Mr. Paul Knabenshue, American Consul General, to protect American citizens and their property; some unreasonable requests have no doubt been made, but the Department has confidence in his ability and judgment.

Typed Document Copy, 1 p.

An article of the superfluous world trade extension agencies, particularly those of the Department of Commerce.

Typed Document Copy, 11 p.

Letter of transmittal accompanying copy of above dispatch.

Typed Letter Copy, 1 p.

Indignant at attacks on Messersmith in the New York Herald and particularly at Walter Lippmann.

Typed Letter Signed Signature illegible, 1 p.

5 copies, mounted. Walter Lippmann's column in which he scores Messersmith for his handling of the Einstein case.

2 cols., mounted. Einstein to be given visa after questioning.

3 cols., mounted. 2 copies of second and third columns. The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, meeting with Mrs. Gerard Swope, local chairman, demands recall of George S. Messersmith; from Caputh, Germany, Dec. 6, by United Press, Einstein waives consul's "joke", laughs off "Inquisition" as schoolboy prank and accepts visa; the American Civil Liberties Union makes inquiries about State Department practices.

1 col., 3 copies. Letter signed Hickman Powell in which Messersmith is called the scapegoat in the Einstein affair.

1 col., mounted. Editorial denouncing U.S. Consulate officials who were so stupid as to question Einstein; nor does Secretary of State Stimson escape censure.

1 col., mounted. Light verse in the column, The Conning Tower, lampoons the principal figures in the Einstein case.

Re criticism of Messersmith following the Einstein episode; assures Messersmith of his continued confidence and esteem.

Typed Letter Signed, 1 p.

Expresses concern at the criticism heaped on Messersmith after the Einstein affair and assures him that his friends know it is undeserved.

Typed Letter Signed, 1 p.

A joint declaration expressing confidence in Messersmith and the American Consulate General and protesting the unjust accusations in the American and international press; includes copy of letter to the Secretary of State expressing the same sentiments.

Typed Document Copy, 3 p.

Enclosed with No. 28. The Secretary made complete statement at press conference and telephoned [Walter] Lippmann.

Typed document , 1 p.

Telegram from the Secretary of State telling of his press conference of that morning.

Copy, 1 p.

1.col., mounted. Consul General Messersmith is surprised on his return to Berlin from Breslau to find himself the target of criticism in connection with the delay in granting Albert Einstein a visa; Einstein, upon application for the visa was questioned by a consular official [Raymond Geist].

3 cols., mounted. First part of article lacking. Einstein sails for America, in good humor, and says the visa incident is closed; Secretary of State Stimson tells newsmen he is sure that the questioning of Einstein on his political beliefs was conducted civilly and that the purpose of the questions was misunderstood.

1 col., mounted. 2 copies. Professor Einstein's case is fairly stated; on a previous visit to the United States he was an official representative of his government and was granted visa without personal examination, but as a private citizen he is now required to answer the same questions put to all other aliens; the immigration law applies to all persons without regard to their eminence or obscurity.

1 col. Presscutting from Chicago Sunday Tribune, reporting appeal sent by the American colony in Germany for retraction of statements made about Messersmith and the Berlin Consulate General.

1 col. American colony in Berlin backs U.S. Consulate in Einstein quiz; Messersmith in Breslau at the time: Einstein interviewed by Raymond Geist.

Telegram to editor of Nation asking his help in correcting or counteracting the statements made by Walter L. Lippmann and others.

Copy, 2 p.

2 cols., mounted. Clipping from Time Magazine reports that Einstein was questioned on his political beliefs because of the complaint of the Woman Patriot Corporation; after his return from the U.S. Consulate, Einstein was quoted as saying he would cancel his American visit if the visa was not issued in 24 hours; it was issued.

Congratulates Messersmith on outcome of Einstein case; the incident was an example of the harm that can be done by newspapers and their correspondents; comments on the vagueness of some of the State Department instructions. [First name only].

Autograph Letter Signed, 2 p.

Expresses indignation over the Einstein affair; Lippmann's comment was absurd and uncalled for; thinks Einstein intent upon exploiting the American pocketbook; feels that Messersmith will be the gainer from the incident.

Typed Letter Signed, 2 p.

Dispatch to the Secretary of State, giving full particulars of the Einstein visa case and how it was handled at the Consulate; thanks Stimson for his generous statements to the press.

Typed Letter Copy, 19 p.

Telegram. Has communicated with Lippmann and is writing favorably in Nation.

1 p.

Expresses resentment over the unfair news article respecting the Einstein case; is happy that he has been so well defended and completely exonerated.

Typed Letter Signed, 1 p.

Lacks enclosure. Informs that Lippmann has withdrawn his criticism and encloses clipping.

Typed Letter Signed, 1 p.

1 col. Stimson's cable to Messersmith in which he tells of his press conference is quoted; it completely clears Messersmith and the Consulate of any indiscretion.

note congratulating Messersmith on outcome of the Einstein affair.

Typed Letter Signed, 1 p.

Acknowledges Dreyfus' letter; believes that if his many generous friends had not come so promptly to his defense his career might have been ruined; explains what really happened with regard to the Einstein visa; thinks the affair may have some good effects if it teaches newspapermen to be more careful in ascertaining facts.

Typed Letter Copy, 3 p.

Is grateful for the many expressions of friendship; explains background of Einstein incident; Einstein was very nervous and feared that he might be refused a visa because of his known leftist activities; realizes that he came out of the affair without damage because of friends in high places who came to his support.

Typed Letter Copy, 2 p.

1 col. Letter, stating criticism of Messersmith for his treatment of Einstein misdirected since he was absent at the time; Secretary of State Stimson and U.S. immigration laws should be blamed; signed John O'Ren.

1 col. Hopes Einstein "will meet this fantastic indignity [his questioning] with his usual tolerance and good humor and will prove his infinite superiority to officious ignoramuses - in office and out - by coming to America and forgiving us our trespasses".

Telegram informs Messersmith that Walter Lippmann has withdrawn criticism in an article in the New York Herald Tribune of Dec. 13.

Copy, 1 p.

Telegram thanking Klots, Secretary of State Stimson, and Mrs. [Ruth] Shipley for all they have done.

Copy, 1 p.

1 col. Applauds Consular officials for impartial application of the regulations governing issue of visas.

Thanks Alberti for his letter; attaches little blame to Einstein, but thinks Mrs. Einstein was very indiscreet in her interviews with the press.

Typed Letter Copy, 2 p.

Comments on Walter Lippmann's retraction of his criticism of Messersmith; notes that he does not retract what he said about how officials administer the law; believes that brutal attacks of this sort upon government representatives are to be deplored; the prestige of U.S.

Typed Letter Copy, 1 p.

Thanks Skinner for his letter; realizes more than ever that friendships are ones dearest possessions; hopes that the Einstein incident will have some worthwhile effects.

2 cols., mounted. Concedes that the handling of the Einstein may have been "technically correct," but blasts the State Department for its stupid procedures.

Thanks Messersmith for his letter; thinks it ridiculous that so much noise should be made over this [Einstein] affair.

Typed Letter Signed, 1 p.

Thanks Fried for letter and clipping.

Typed Letter Copy, 1 p.

Thinks it fortunate that Messersmith's connections protected him from the attacks [in the Einstein case]; deems Lippmann's retraction very unsatisfactory; has moved into a modern house with central heating; invites Mr. and Mrs. Messersmith to visit.

Typed Letter Signed, 1 p.

Acknowledges Messersmith's letter and is glad to have the facts of the Einstein incident, but he had never doubted that Professor and Mrs. Einstein had received anything but considerate treatment; is depressed to realize how irresponsible the press can be.

Typed Letter Signed, 2 p.

1 col., mounted. Retracts earlier criticism of Consul General Messersmith for his handling of the Einstein visa case, but shifts the blame to the State Department for compelling its consuls to cross-examine applicants for visas on their political views.

1 col., mounted. 4 copies. Suggests that Einstein, in spite of his great achievements, has human frailties; "The protest to the State Department [by the Woman Patriot Corporation] may have been silly, but Dr. Einstein's naiveté had provoked it and he was not being subjected to a special indignity.

Thanks Strother for letter and clippings on the Einstein case; Einstein was asked none of the silly questions reported by the newspaper.

Typed Letter Copy, 1 p.

Thanks Fletcher for his card; recounts the Einstein case from its beginnings and discusses several implications concerning it; believes U.S. immigration laws and visa practice the most liberal in the world; is interested in the new administration and what it will do with regard to international problems.

Typed Letter Copy, 5 p.

Thanks Villard for sending copies of Nation and for his treatment of the Einstein case; discusses U.S. immigration laws and visa practices and compares them with those of other countries; believes U.S. most liberal; assures Villard that foreigners who visit American Consulates receive more considerate treatment than Americans are likely to receive at foreign consulates.

Typed Letter Copy, 4 p.

Twits Messersmith on the Einstein incident; "as he himself [Einstein]has told us, everything is relative, and so I took it that you had only been relatively disagreeable and nasty to an extent which he only relatively deserved... may it be a lesson to you never again to say things in Berlin when you are in Breslau."

Typed Letter Signed, 1 p.

Thanks McKenna for his letter telling of the way his telegrams to [Allen T.] Klots and Mrs. [Ruth] Shipley were routed; believes that if the State Department's telegram to his Consulate regarding Einstein had not so restricted them, all of the Einstein unpleasantness might have been avoided; complains of procedures in the State Department and hopes that some of them may be corrected under the Roosevelt administration.

Typed Letter Copy, 3 p.

1 col., mounted. George S. Messersmith, formerly of Delaware, is exonerated in Einstein incident.

1 col., mounted. Messersmith obviously acting under instructions from Washington in quiz of Einstein; comments on Messersmith's rapid advancement in the Consular Service and on his former residence in Delaware.

Series of six cartoons depicts foreign celebrities being questioned at U.S. Consulates.

1 p.

Extends New Year greetings; appreciates the telegram sent by the Club [American Club in Antwerp ?] to the State Department; believes facts in the Einstein affair now understood in U.S., but thinks the incident may have cast unfortunate doubt on U.S. visa practice; Einstein in Germany not considered the big man he is in America.

Typed Letter Copy, 2 p.

Apologizes for the vote of censure passed by a group of citizens meeting at her house; is glad to learn he was not responsible for the Einstein incident.

Typed Letter Signed, 1 p.

Entertained 24 people, most the official family, at dinner on Christmas evening; Einstein incident seems to have been cleared up; recent editorial comment good; still concerned about effects of the incident on U.S. visa practice; appreciates clippings from the Santa Barbara Press and the Los Angeles Times.

Typed Letter Copy, 3 p.

1 col. Congratulates Nation for pointing out that Messersmith was misrepresented in Einstein affair; a pity that newspapers did not take the trouble to find out the facts; Messersmith regarded by Germans as "best type of foreign representative in Berlin." Signed Harvey M. Watts.

Memorandum on disposition of letters and clippings relating to the Einstein case; since most of these were personal letters or came to him in a personal way, Messersmith decided to keep them in his personal file, rather than the official file.

Typed Document, 1 p.

Gives further information concerning attacks on American citizens in Berlin by persons wearing uniforms of National Socialist Party.

Typed Document Copy, 7 p.

Appreciates work of Carr and the Secretary of State in clearing up the Einstein affair; discusses cut in rent allowances for foreign service officers and the hardship faced by some of them; cost of living varies from country to country; foreign service officers unlike business or professional men must maintain a certain standard of living and can save little; they should not therefore be subjected to the same compensation cuts; suggests consolidation of Chancery and Consulate in all capitals as an economical and administratively sound measure; believes offices of Commercial Attaches should be closed as they serve little purpose.

Typed Letter Copy, 13 p.

Attacks on the persons of Jews have ceased on direct order of Hitler and Goering, who were sensitive to unfavorable publicity outside Germany; Jews holding public office dismissed; in Breslau, Jewish lawyers prohibited from appearing in Breslau courts; Jewish directors of State and Municipal theaters have been dismissed; one of best known conductors, Bruno Walter has been displaced; many leading physicians and scientists are Jews holding responsible positions in hospitals and scientific institutes; movement expected against them in near future; intimidation of Jews engaged in business already apparent.

Typed Document Copy, 8 p.

Enclosure: See No. 126. Physical attacks on Jews ceased, but displacement from public, professional, and business positions continues; government aware of effect on public sentiment in other countries; Hitler thought to be more moderately anti-Jewish than Goering; [George] Norlin, exchange professor at University of Berlin, called, disturbed because he was being pressured to sign a telegram to Royal S. Copeland, U.S. Senate; statements in telegram contrary to fact; telegram intended to counteract adverse publicity in U.S.; copy enclosed.

Typed Document Copy, 23 p.

Woolworth and other chain and department stores in Germany harassed by uniformed members of National Socialist Party; stores picketed and some ordered closed; Minister of Interior Goering ordered that interference with business cease, but S.A. police undisciplined.

Typed Document Copy, 9 p.

Lies regarding alleged German persecution of Jews being spread abroad; Jews responsible for all Germany's troubles in the years since the war; they have heretofore been spared, but time has come to attack; threatens that if attempt is made to boycott German goods abroad, no Jew will find any occupation, no one will buy from Jews, and Jewish newspapers will no longer be read.

Typed Document Copy, 3 p.

Practically all Jews now eliminated from public office; a few, indispensable because of special knowledge, still in Finance Ministry; most Jewish judges removed; no Jews allowed on governing board of lawyers associations, and few admitted to practice; Jewish physicians connected with state or municipal hospitals relieved of duty; boycott of Jewish firms, physicians, and lawyers ordered for April 1, ostensibly as defense measure against adverse criticism of Germany in foreign press, on the ground that stories were instigated by Jews abroad; some Jews, under pressure, sending out telegrams stating conditions normal in Germany; Dr. [Alfred] Bergmann of the Dresden Bank holding conferences with representatives of American banks in Berlin, tried to influence them to send out statements giving incorrect picture of situation; orders issued within last hour to employers to discharge immediately all Jewish employees; Dr. Abraham Frowein, leading industrial figure in Germany and President of International Chamber of Commerce, called; says all discipline gone and that Germany's whole political, financial, and industrial structure in jeopardy; believes Hitler might, if properly approached, be made to see reason and call off boycott; he would, however, be opposed by Goering and Goebbels; suggests U.S. Ambassador call on Hitler; many Jews have left country within last two days.

Typed Document Copy, 19 p.

Boycott of Jewish business and Jewish professional men called off after one day, but may resume; order for discharge of Jewish employees stands; day of boycott quiet in Berlin, but some violence reported in other German cities; boycott not generally popular with German people, but everybody afraid to express opinions; German press completely controlled and tells people only what is acceptable to government and National Socialist Party; persecution of Jews continues.

Typed Document Copy, 21 p.

Enclosed with No. 136. At Goering's invitation, Messersmith called on him at Air Ministry on April 4; before accepting invitation, emphasized that visit was personal and unofficial and must not be publicized; was cordially received; Goering asked about U.S. Diplomatic and Consular Service; was surprised to learn many men made it a lifetime career; had supposed they were removed from office with every change of government; mentioned anti-German propaganda in U.S.; Messersmith replied that American press, unlike German, was not controlled by government, and correspondents substantiated stories they sent out of Germany; Goering felt U.S. placed too much emphasis on problems of individuals and ignored fact that Germany had just come through a bloodless revolution; Messersmith agreed that Americans were concerned about individuals, but what concerned them more was the wholesale persecution of the Jews; Goering asked if there wasn't discrimination against Jews in U.S., and Messersmith replied that there was some social discrimination, but in business, professions, and before the law, Jews enjoyed same rights and privileges as other citizens; Messersmith mentioned removal of Jewish judges in Germany and felt that Americans would hesitate to invest money in Germany if they thought they could not get justice in the courts; Goering asked what Germany should do, and Messersmith replied that it was not in his province to advise officially on an interior problem, but that if Germany expects to build up her economy, she needs the good will of the world, and should be sensitive to public opinion outside Germany; Goering strong, intelligent and well-informed on some subjects but "naive as a child" on others.

Typed Document Copy, 11 p.

In German with English translation. Enclosed with No. 152. Threatens Kahn a second time; says neither police nor American Consulate can protect him; gives him until April 8 to pay.

Typed Letter Copy, 2 p.

Reports further cases of molestation of American citizens in Germany; S.A. or Stahlhelm made arrests, in many cases for no apparent reason; seized passports; some victims, held two or three days, not permitted to communicate with Consulate.

Typed Document Copy, 8 p.

Reports further on Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda; Ministry composed of seven divisions - I. Administration, II. Propaganda, III. Radio, IV. Press, V. Moving Pictures, VI. Theater, and VII. Public Education; Ministry, under [Paul Joseph] Goebbels most active of Ministries since accession to power of National Socialist Party; has been clear, decisive, effective in everything it has done in the month since its establishment; censorship complete; impossible for even intelligent German to get any idea of foreign reaction to what goes on in Germany; when asked how long this control would continue, Goebbels replied, "until it has achieved its object - that of making every German a National Socialist."

Typed Document Copy, 5 p.

Reports on probable policy of Reichsbank; Dr. [Hjalmar] Schacht re-emphasizes his intention of maintaining mark at parity; 70 million dollar rediscount credit of Reichsbank being repaid for ostensible reason that relieving bank of interest charge also relieves its foreign exchange situation; Schacht insists Germany must pay all her private obligations, but implies he doesn't consider loans under Dawes and Young Plan as private loans; probably first step will be to secure reduction of interest charges on short and long term foreign loans and credits and eventually a reduction in the capital sum of the loans and credits; basic attitude of German government unfavorable to foreign capital and business; moratorium will probably be declared on payment of interest on foreign debt; gold cover of mark only 11 percent; real gold cover has been Germany's export surplus, but export surplus steadily decreasing; [Hans] Luther chosen Ambassador to U.S. as best person to negotiate for interest and loan reduction; Luther respected in U.S. and known to be a man of high principles; German government income decreasing while expenditures increase; long promised measures involving large expenditures cannot be much longer delayed; Schacht hopes by decreasing foreign payments, by accumulating marks in Germany, and expanding credit structure to provide necessary money without issuing currency which might endanger the Mark.

Typed Document Copy, 7 p.

Enclosed with No. 144. Forms sent to American owned firms in Germany.

Typed Document Copy, 2 p.

Recent dispatches on the situation in Germany with respect to the Jews have been very helpful; the Department [of State] is settling down to its new organization, but is handicapped by insufficiency of higher officials.

Typed Letter Signed, 1 p.

Enclosed with No. 148. Declaration to be filled out by American owned firms in Germany; in German, with English translation.

Typed Document Copy, 1 p.

Physical attacks on Jews still being reported though rarely in the press; one Jew in Munich severely beaten and later died of injuries; another, in Chemnitz, arrested and his body found two days later, shot through the head; an American citizen, Isaac Kahn, a Jewish representative of a St. Louis firm, received two extortion letters, threatening him with bodily harm if he didn't pay; matter reported to Consulate and then to police; police promised protection, but seemed unwilling or powerless to act; Kahn, fearing for his safety, left Germany; political prisoners, other than Jews confined in concentration camps and allegedly mistreated; Dr. Lehr, Oberburgomaster of Dusseldorf, arrested and jailed; Von Bismarck removed from office of staatssekretaer in Ministry of Interior; purge of universities continues, not only of Jewish professors, but of those not in sympathy with government; number of Jewish students admitted is restricted; Professor James Franck, a leading physicist and Nobel Prize winner, resigned from University of Goettingen in protest, though he could no doubt have retained his position because of his worldwide reputation; special chair created for [Albert] Einstein had limited his activities to scientific field, he would not now be seeking a post abroad; Christian students from America generally welcome in all German universities, but Jewish students not permitted to register; according to article in "Der Stuermer" America now dominated by Jews.

Typed Document Copy, 14 p.

Whatever develops in economic and financial situation in Germany is bound to have repercussions on economy of rest of the world; leaders of German government have no real economic program; in bid for power, leaders promised lower taxes, greater employment, aid to small business by taxing big business out of existence, and elimination of foreign competition; they have been advised that they cannot meet these promises without endangering whole economy; pressure from Party members to effect the changes promised causing increasing disturbance.

Typed Document Copy, 20 p.

At recent cabinet meeting, according to reliable informant, project presented for increasing Germany's military efficiency; manufacture of war materials increasing; evidence of much drilling and target practice all over Germany; German government declares it wants peace, but one senses she wants peace only to have time to strengthen her position.

Typed Document Copy, 5 p.

Enclosed with No. 150. Complaint that American Consulate in Berlin failed to afford protection to American citizens against Nazi persecution not in accord with facts; both Consulate and Embassy spare no efforts to afford full protection to all American citizens who have sought it.

Typed Document Copy, 1 p.

Enclosure: See No. 150. Hitler and Goering now realize effects both at home and abroad of anti-Jewish movement and are inclined to moderate their persecution, but Goebbels remains adamant; secondary leaders and the masses as anti-Jewish as ever, no Jewish judges remain, few Jewish lawyers permitted to practice, Jews excluded from performing arts, and Jewish professors in Universities given "leave of absence"; Rector of University of Berlin, who is non-Jewish, removed because he objected to placing on bulletin board by students the so-called "12 theses against the non-German spirit," which included vicious statements against Jews; students in all German universities planning celebration for May 10, including monster bonfire in which Jewish books would be burned.

Typed Document Copy, 10 p.

Enclosed with No. 166. Explained to Goebbels steps Embassy and Consulate had taken with respect to discrimination against American owned firms in Germany and requested definite answer as to what would be done to correct situation; Goebbels assured him matter would be satisfactorily adjusted; Goebbels cool and reserved.

Typed Document Copy, 2 p.

Enclosed with No. 166. Reports conversation between Maax and Dr. Sohns, head of Kampfbund fuer den Gewerblichen Mittelstand; Maax had explained to Sohns that his company was entirely American owned and Sohns replied that the company would then be excluded from competing to supply departments of the Reich, states, municipalities and public utilities even though their products were manufactured in Germany; Sohns further informed him that the Kampfbund was publishing a book listing "purely German firms" from which goods might be purchased, and that Maax's firm would not be listed.

Typed Document Copy, 2 p.

Effort is made by the masses, trade organizations, and various organized groups to force radical action which leaders of Party, now more moderate, do not wish to carry out; Hitler is quoted, "No one in Germany wants war... thought of overseas expansion of Germany has been given up... large fortunes must disappear and unearned incomes cut... aid to unemployed must be substituted by earned wages..."; situation full of anomalies; immediately after declaration against big business, another declaration was made - "All interference in business must be stopped;" impossible to predict what will develop.

Typed Document Copy, 10 p.

Commends Messersmith and [G.A.] Gordon, Counselor of Berlin Embassy, for the dispatches covering the situation in Germany; attention to German affairs has been stimulated by visit of Dr. [Hjalmar] Schacht; realizes the conditions under which Foreign Service Officers are working and assures Messersmith that the Department, and especially Mr. [Wilbur J.] Carr will do everything possible to alleviate the burden.

Typed Letter Copy, 1 p.

English translation of preceding entry.

Enclosure: See Nos. 168 and 169. Violation of treaty rights of American firms in Germany to be stopped; intervention by Department probably not necessary; letter from Dr. [Paul] Bang, Ministry of Commerce, informs instructions have been issued to Kampfbund des Gewerblichen Mittelstandes [Militant Association for Middle Class Trades] to stop publication of list of approved sources of supply; activities against foreign firms and capital come from so-called "Kampfbunde", militant organizations of various groups in German industry; visited Dr. [Erhard] Milch, aide to Goering, and was told that Goering disapproved these activities and it was likely some of the Kampfbunde would be dissolved; leaders now feel strong enough to take action against some of their own Party members when they get out of line.

Typed Document Copy, 10 p.

Foreign minister appointed Hans Draeger to study anti-German propaganda in foreign countries; Hitler announced establishment of foundation to provide funds to families of workers who lost lives in pursuance of their duties; called on public for contributions; Goebbels had planned to go to Chicago ostensibly for opening of Chicago Fair, but real reason to make propaganda speeches in U.S.; no mention of the trip in newspapers recently; may have been advised not to go, for of all members of present government he would be least likely to get sympathetic hearing in U.S.; burning of Jewish and Marxist books carried out as planned by university students; well-known Jews removed from positions - Professor Borchardt, director of Surgical Division of Moabit Hospital, Dr. [Fritz] Haber, head of Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Nobel Prize winner, Oskar von Miller, head of Deutsches Museum in Munich, Max Liebermann, dean of German painters and honorary president of Prussian Academy of Fine Arts, and many leading authors from the Academy of Writers; many suicides among Jews; concentration camps for political prisoners increasing as arrests increase, and add further drain of government funds; Dr. Robert Ley has organized the "Deutsche Arbeitsfront," a central organization of all workers of all occupations; membership in National Socialist Party greatly increased; to get or hold job in Germany it is almost mandatory to be Party member; government and Party leaders now exercising greater authority over individual members.

Typed Document Copy, 11 p.

(In German). Enclosed with Nos. 176 and 181. Informs that Party considers firm as a German undertaking.

Typed Letter Copy, 1 p.

Enclosure: See No. 174. Transmitting copy of letter to Nationale Radiator Gesellschaft from German National Socialist Labor Party.

Typed Letter Copy, 1 p.

Enclosed with Nos. 179 and 181. English translation of preceding entry.

Has had interview with [Hermann W.] Goering re American correspondents in Berlin, particularly [Hubert Renfro] Knickerbocker; is concerned with protection of person and property of Americans, particularly Jews, in Germany; believes his protests have had good effects, but thinks Germany will remain a troubled spot for a long time; is happy to go to the Vienna meeting of the International Chamber of Commerce.

Typed Letter Copy, 6 p.

Thanks Carr for taking care of Mr. [Frans] Van Cauwelaert while he was in Washington; possible cabinet crisis in Belgium may place Van Cauwelaert in Premiership; is grateful for Carr's efforts to alleviate financial burdens of Foreign Service officers; is glad to go to the Vienna meeting of the International Chamber of Commerce; [Raymond] Geist has been helpful; he is a splendid officer who must receive adequate recognition; hopes the President's reorganization program will go through soon; thinks saving could be effected by closing most of the Commercial Attachés' offices, as they serve no useful purpose.

Typed Letter Copy, 5 p.

Reports arrest of Dr. Paul Kecakameti, a Hungarian citizen and a Jew, who had been employed by United Press in Berlin for six years; United Press applied to American Consulate for aid in obtaining his release; Consul [Raymond] Geist went to police and learned that police knew nothing about the arrest; police located and released Kecakameti within twenty-four hours; he had been arrested by S.A. on baseless charges.

Typed Document Copy, 6 p.

Anti-Semitic movement somewhat moderated; leaders realize they made mistakes which have caused much adverse criticism abroad; some Jews now allowed in business; many Jewish Lawyers and doctors readmitted to practice; musicians and other performing artists gradually returning; in universities action against Jews as strong as ever and students practically in charge; Aryan professors who have shown opposition to students' arbitrary action find their positions into- lerable and resign, either voluntarily or under pressure; masses show no change in their anti-Jewish feeling and the position of all Jews in Germany remains precarious.

Typed Document Copy, 8 p.

(In German). Enclosed with No. 207. Informs that Minister Goebbels has ordered that discrimination against and interference with free competition of American firms must stop.

Typed Letter Copy, 1 p.

Enclosures: Nos. 187 and 189. Commissioner of Commerce, Dr. [Otto] Wagener, ordered all so-called "fighting organizations" (Kampfbuende) in the commercial field dissolved except the Kampfbund des gewerblichen Mittelstandes, which has been chief offender in interfering with business; Kampfbund will not give up its existence or aims without a struggle; Dr. Von Rintelen, its titular head has moderate views, but Dr. Sohns, the active head, is decidedly radical; Sohns at odds with Ministers Goering and Goebbels because they had countermanded his orders; leaders of the Party moderating their views on economic and other matters, but intermediate leaders and masses remain unchanged; encloses memoranda of interviews with Dr. Sohns and Dr. Wienbeck.

Typed Document Copy, 6 p.

Statement by Dr. [Walther] Ruppin, Komissar placed by government in Provincial Organization of Physicians, appeared in weekly publication of organization, and demanded complete separation of Jews from medical profession; calls Jew the incarnation of lying and deception; statement commented on and severely criticized in "Berliner Tageblatt" and "Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung"; that newspapers could criticize the statement no indication of greater freedom of the press, but an indication that such extravagant statements no longer have approval of higher authorities; such statement prompted not by conviction that Jews are a danger to Germany, but by professional or business jealousy.

Typed Document Copy, 4 p.

Has been informed by reliable source that "Die Rote Fahne," principal publication of the Communist Party in Germany is appearing again daily and is circulating undercover; some discontent with the Government; it is as radical as any proposed by Communists; Hitler and Goering inclined toward moderation, but Goebbels does not follow them, and as he controls press has great influence.

Typed Document Copy, 3 p.

Anti-Jewish movement continues though physical attacks have almost stopped; higher leaders of Party have not changed their views, but are aware of adverse criticism outside Germany and its possible effects upon German economy; mass of Nazis still violently antisemitic and unhappy over restraints imposed by leaders; in Berlin about half the Jewish lawyers have been readmitted to practice, but under such restrictions they are hampered in their practice, and no new Jewish lawyers admitted; no Jewish physicians left in official positions; physicians may continue private practice, but German people intimidated from using them. No new Jewish physicians licensed; Jewish professors excluded from universities; status of Jewish students not yet clear, but atmosphere is such Jewish student would find it intolerable; in the arts, Jewish performers are excluded, though the censored press announces they have been "invited" to other countries; the quality of the theater has deteriorated since the exclusions of the Jews; no publisher will publish anything written by a Jew; Jews excluded from competition in all sports; next Olympic Games to be held in Berlin; might suggest to Olympic Committee in U.S. that U.S. should not participate; the Jew in business and industry insecure; likely that government will take over banks, most of which are Jewish owned; and property will be confiscated; restrictions on departure from country make it impossible for well-to-do Jews to leave with any part of their capital; because of censorship, outside world knows little of the difficulties faced by the Jews in Germany.

Typed Document Copy, 15 p.

Observations on political and economic situation in Germany; before coming into power leaders made promises to their followers which they cannot keep; leaders, under influence of responsibility, have become more moderate, but are being pressured by the intermediate leaders and the masses, who remain extremely radical; after March 5 Government placed Komissare in all departments and institutions, public and private, and in many of the major industries; local leaders, copying their superiors, placed Komissare in all businesses, large or small; young men of no ability or business experience, were often placed in charge of business establishments, with power to dismiss experienced employees and hire Party adherents who were often incompetent; primary leaders realized this practice was endangering Germany's economy and ordered it stopped, but it has not completely stopped; two managing directors of Saxon Public Works, both faithful and intelligent administrators, dismissed and replaced by two Komissare who had no knowledge of the business; inquiry into banking structure of country announced in today's newspaper; object obviously two-fold - to prepare way for Government takeover, and to uncover transactions which may give government excuse for confiscating property; Goebbels, in recent speech, said what has been done recently is only an overture to what will be done; difference of opinion has developed between Hitler and Goering on one side and Goebbels on the other; Goebbels has necessarily given in to the more moderate dictates of Hitler and Goering but he may be biding his time until he can consolidate his position; Goebbels ambitious, intelligent, and cunning, but completely unscrupulous and coldblooded; unemployment serious; industry cannot absorb additional labor under existing conditions; Chambers of Commerce, official organizations in Germany, being rapidly coordinated by National Socialist Party; formerly governed by responsible members of industrial and financial world, Chambers have been reorganized and placed under control of representatives of the Party; object of coordination is to remove opposition to any economic project of the Party; Party plans to finance itself by direct levy on business of 5 percent of total payroll; press continues to be servile; the few that have expressed any criticism of Government have been suppressed; Nazis attack Rotary Club because of its international character and because it admits Jews; Party leaders informed clubs that no member of a Rotary Club could be a member of the National Socialist Party; arrest of former government officials continues; Kampfbund des gewerblichen Mittelstandes determined to eliminate department stores; restaurant interests clamoring for law that would close restaurants and refreshment counters in department stores; other small businesses such as stationers, milliners, tailors will make similar demands; ruin of department stores will mean ruin also for scores of manufacturers who have been supplying them; Kampfbund has been compelled by primary leaders of Party to cease its discriminatory actions against foreign owned German businesses; to stimulate certain sections of industry, section II of law of June 1 provides that if replacement materials of such things as office supplies or agricultural equipment are purchased, and if the replacement is manufactured in Germany, the purchaser is relieved of taxation on the amount paid for the new equipment; this law conflicts with Article VIII of Treaty of Friendship, which treats of imported merchandise; Embassy is awaiting Department's instructions before making representations to Foreign Office; Germany in no position to speak in international conferences on economic or financial subjects; her own policy too uncertain and undeveloped, but headed in radical directions.

Typed Document Copy, 26 p.

Enclosures: See No. 196. Transmitting a memorandum on the development of military sport in Germany; training of youth in the arts of war has been extended to embrace the S.A. and the S.S., the private army of the National Socialist Party, and other organizations such as Boy Scouts; movement a cause for alarm in other European nations; extreme nationalism prevails.

Typed Document Copy, 4 p.

From p. 2 to end missing. Alleged interest of National Socialist Party in so-called third party movement in U.S.

Typed Document Copy, 2 p.

Regrets allowance for courier service cut out; unsafe to send confidential matter in usual locked pouches; German press recently reported foreign planes over Germany dropping Communist leaflets; story believed to be hoax originated by government in order to demand protection against air attack; political parties other than National Socialist have been eliminated; former leaders of other parties subject to attack and arrest; higher Nazi leaders inclined to be more moderate but intermediate leaders and masses more radical than ever and do not always obey orders from top; Hitler powerful but even he cannot control masses; Goebbels preaching that revolution has just begun; economic experimentation threatens big business, foreign capital, and large industrial establishments; impossible to talk of tariff or monetary matters with people who appear to be psychopaths.

Typed Letter Copy, 6 p.

Situation in Germany growing from bad to worse in almost every field; suppression of all parties other than National Socialist; many arrests; action against Catholic Center and arrest of priests who have expressed their views; only few of former regime left in government; aim is probably to establish German National Church and bring it into National Socialist organization; intermediate leaders care nothing about foreign relations or foreign good feeling; their only concern is their extreme Nationalism.

Typed Letter Copy, 3 p.

Enclosed with No. 224. Has been arrested and held on alleged Communist activity; sympathizes with working class but has never been politically organized; is in good health and is well treated; asks that brother in Brooklyn be notified by cable.

Typed Letter Copy, 1 p.

In German. Enclosed with No. 224. Reports on information received from police in Greifswald regarding charges against Walter Orloff; has sent copy of Messersmith's letter to Minister of Justice; suggests Messersmith get in touch with him.

Typed Letter Copy, 1 p.

Summary of recent developments in political, economic, social and industrial situation in Germany; individual and unauthorized action by intermediate Party and S.A. leaders continues to disturb business; open breeches of discipline numerous; Hitler, in speech before S.A. leaders, warned that offenders would be punished, no matter how highly placed in Party; in speech before Statthalter (personal representatives of Chancellor in various states) Hitler declared that all political parties had been abolished and the National Socialist Party is now the state; last of the parties to be dissolved was the Zentrum, which represented the conservative Catholic element; physical force of S.A. played part in dissolution of parties, but German people seemed docile; concordat with Vatican announced by press, but text of agreement not yet revealed; Protestant Churches now powerless before authorities; parliamentary government in Germany out as long as present regime remains in power; Reichstag probably will not even meet; government now consolidating its power; every important person who could be considered even a potential opponent of present government has been sent to concentration camp or prison; has been informed Hitler will shortly announce determination of Government to stop experiments in business and to use men of proven capacity in business whether they are National Socialists or not; several men of moderate views recently appointed to high office; Goebbels' influence apparently waning, but he will not be easy man to put aside; work on highways to be under direction German Railway System, which is in sound financial position and may be able to finance program out of its earnings; according to press, unemployment 1,200,000 less than Jan. 30, though figure probably exaggerated; recrudescence of movement against Jews in past two weeks; 30 Jewish physicians arrested on July 7 on charge that they were engaged in Marxistic propaganda; Germany making some progress in relations with outside world; close contact with Italy continues, way prepared for close economic and political cooperation with Hungary, extreme nationalism has alarming effect on trade.

Typed Document Copy, 26 p.

Dr. Joseph Schachno, American citizen residing in Berlin, arrested and beaten by S.A. men; Consulate reported matter to police, who promised that offenders would be punished.

Typed Document Copy, 5 p.

Thanks Messersmith for letter of June 27 which covered the ground fully; agrees with Messersmith's conclusions; got funds to provide courier service to Hamburg which will assure privacy of communications to Department but doubts inviolability of correspondence to Messersmith; fears German decree authorizing confiscation of private property of "enemies of the state"; could be used as retaliatory measure; [Rudolf] Leitner complaining of tone of American editorial comment and cartoons.

Typed Letter Signed, 2 p.

Enclosed with No. 223. Discussed attack on Philip Zuckerman; Milch said he realized action must be taken against the offenders, S.A. men or not, and that he would personally bring it to the attention of the Chancellor.

Typed Document Copy, 2 p.

Enclosed with No. 223. Presented to Volk letter transmitting affidavit covering attack on Philip Zuckerman, and stressed necessity for immediate action; Volk stated Leipzig outside jurisdiction of his police but he would transmit affidavit to highest Saxony authorities with suggestion of immediate action.

Typed Document Copy, 1 p.

Enclosed with No. 223. After conversation with Dodd on evening of 21st left with him memoranda of conversations with Dr. [Franz] Schlegelberger and Dr. [Erhard] Milch; transmits herewith memoranda of interviews with Dr. [Hans] Pfundtner, Dr. [Ludwig] Grauert, and Dr. Volk; believes all are impressed with necessity for immediate action in bringing attackers of Philip Zuckerman to justice; if German authorities do not take appropriate action, believes U.S. Government, as matter of principle and for protection of other American citizens here, take energetic action.

Typed Letter Copy, 2 p.

Reports on attack on Philip Zuckerman, naturalized American citizen in Leipzig; Leipzig police say they cannot identify offenders, a group of S.A. men; recommends that if no action is taken by German authorities in this case, formal representation be made by the State Department to the Foreign Office.

Typed Document Copy, 8 p.

Enclosure: See No. 212. Discriminatory action against Deutsche Houghton Fabrik, a subsidiary of E.F. Houghton & Company of Philadelphia, has ceased.

Typed Document Copy, 3 p.

Property, chiefly printing plant, of Watchtower Bible and Tract Society seized by police in Magdeburg on grounds that Society was engaged in subversive activities.

Typed Document Copy, 9 p.

Enclosure: See No. 206. Transmits translation of interview by Messersmith which appeared in the Berliner Boersen Courier of July 2, 1933.

Typed Document Copy, 2 p.

Extreme National Socialist newspapers refuse to accept advertising from foreign firms or from German firms which advertise in other newspapers.

Typed Document Copy, 5 p.

Clippings missing. Transmitting clippings covering two articles from the "Berliner Tagblatt" of July 10 and July 27 covering statements of Lord Rothermere [Harold Sidney Harmsworth] and of Lord Parmoor [Charles Alfred Cripps] on the German situation; articles very favorable to Germany, but obviously to anyone who knows the situation they are not factual.

Typed Document Copy, 5 p.

Douglas Brinkley, American citizen in Germany, being used by German propaganda machine to make weekly short wave radio speeches to U.S.; Brinkley represented himself as having been connected with the National Broadcasting Company, but Company disavows him.

Typed Document Copy, 4 p.

Retaliatory measures taken against Communists in concentration camps because of mutilation of Hindenburg Oak which had been planted on May 1; no proof advanced that mutilation of oak was work of Communists.

Typed Document Copy, 2 p.

All automobile clubs in Germany are to be consolidated into one organization under the control of the National Socialist Party.

Typed Document Copy, 4 p.

Results attained by the Foundation for the Furtherance of National Work to which contributions have been solicited, said to be unsatisfactory; may be an indication that the stabler element of the population has little faith in the views of the government.

Typed Document Copy, 5 p.

National Socialist Party to sponsor lottery to provide funds for the creation of employment, a departure from professed National Socialist principles and an indication of desperation.

Typed Document Copy, 4 p.

National Socialist newspapers continue to use unfair tactics to force other newspapers out of business, in spite of statements from Ministry of Commerce that unfair competition should cease.

Typed Document Copy, 4 p.

Enclosure: See No. 248. Attackers of Philip Zuckerman, naturalized American citizen in Leipzig, still at large; Leipzig police claim they cannot identify attackers; Zuckerman may have sustained permanent injuries; Mrs. Zuckerman lost baby as result of attack; U.S. government may find it advisable to ask for monetary compensation for Zuckerman.

Typed Document Copy, 4 p.

Edgar Ansel Mowrer resigned as President of Foreign Press Association in Berlin; had been persona non grata because he reported the situation as he saw it in Germany, and authorities had demanded his resignation; association voted that he should not resign under pressure; several correspondents of German newspapers had been arrested in Vienna and to retaliate Dr. Paul Goldman, correspondent in Berlin for Vienna newspaper, was arrested; Mowrer offered to resign if Goldman was released and his offer was accepted; Mowrer to be reassigned to Tokyo.

Typed Document Copy, 5 p.

Jews not to be excluded from Leipzig Fair as either buyers or exhibitors; Leipzig Fair has long tradition and has attained international stature; authorities fear for its future if Jews are excluded.

Typed Document Copy, 3 p.

Dr. E. Salzer and Dr. Fritz Simion, German patent lawyers, both Jews, have been disbarred; lawyers had been handling cases for American interests and their disbarment causing hardship for these interests; called on official at Patent office and on Chairman of Association of Patent Lawyers, but could get no commitment from them as to the reinstatement of the two lawyers.

Typed Document Copy, 5 p.

Glad to know letters and dispatches have been helpful; [Raymond] Geist, right hand man at Consulate, a great help; growing realization among higher officials of German government that they cannot ignore opinions of outside world; isolation has already had bad economic effect; [Paul Joseph] Goebbels, in Hamburg speech in July, stated revolution just beginning; Hitler, on advice of business and financial leaders, called meeting of his representatives in each state and announced that revolution was ended and that counter-revolutionary or radical elements would be repressed without mercy; appointment of [Kurt] Schmitt as Minister of Commerce in place of [Alf] Hugenberg encouraging; Schmitt a first-class businessman who has not taken active part in Party matters; to satisfy radical wing of Party, Dr. [Gottfried] Feder appointed State Secretary in Commerce Ministry, but will be given little to do; Dr. [Wilhelm] Posse, old official of the Ministry and a fine man, retained as State Secretary also; the "Kampfbund des gewerblichen Mittelstandes", the organization causing so much trouble by interference with business, has been dissolved and its representatives in businesses and industries withdrawn, as have the Party-appointed or self-appointed Kommissars in business; newspapers announce great reduction in unemployment, but some government officials admit that figures published are incorrect; general economic situation bad; Hitler and associates not giving up radical ideas for moderation because they want to, but because circumstances force them to; tax receipts down; trade balance smaller each month; should exports shrink further, imports of raw materials will be difficult to finance, and standard of living will go down; no change in anti-Semitic campaign except there are not as many physical attacks on Jews; Hitler implacable on subject and would like to see Jews wiped out; Hitler also implacable on subject of Austria and Anschluss; if crisis in internal situation seems unavoidable, Chancellor may turn government into monarchy with Prince Louis Ferdinand as head.

Typed Letter Copy, 10 p.

Enclosure: See No. 258. Sending editorial clipped from Philadelphia Public Ledger; shows that Messersmith's excellent work is beginning to command public recognition.

Typed Letter Signed "P.M.", 3 p.

3 typed copies of preceding entry.

Enclosure: See No. 256. Justice not possible under present judicial procedure in Germany; cites cases of Walter Orloff, American student in Germany, who was arrested, charged with high treason, and imprisoned for a month before being deported, the only evidence being the denunciation by a known Communist, an American seaman arrested and sentenced to six months in prison for an alleged derogatory remark about Hitler, and the German, Oskar Joost, proved attacker of the American citizen, Julian Fuks, was fined 50 marks.

Typed Document Copy, 4 p.

Enclosure: See No. 262. Dr. Daniel Mulvihill, American citizen in Berlin for study, was attacked on Aug. 15 by S.A. man while standing on sidewalk watching parade of S.A. men; Mulvihill's failure to give Hitler salute the only apparent reason for attack; [Raymond H.] Geist called on Dr. Volk of the State Secret Political Police and insisted that S.A. man be arrested and appropriately punished; on Aug. 18 Volk informed Consulate that guilty S.A. man had been arrested and turned over to judicial authorities; Geist also called on Aug. 19 at Prussian Ministry of Interior to inquire what orders had been given that foreigners in Germany are not expected to give or return Hitler salute, and was informed that such orders had already gone out; apparent that authorities wish to avoid offending Americans, but may not be able to control populace; may be necessary for U.S. government to issue general warning at home that Americans may not be safe in Germany.

Typed Document Copy, 8 p.

Reports discrimination action against American and foreign steamship lines in Germany; Ministry of Commerce issued decree which provided that any person buying passage from foreign steamship line cost of which exceeds 200 marks, must secure special permit from exchange control authorities; protests made by both British and American lines, and much newspaper publicity given to protests; at meeting of representative of lines affected at the Ministry of Commerce, it was announced that new decree, would be issued, which would satisfy all interests.

Typed Document Copy, 7 p. (2 versions of p. 6 & 7, essentially the same)

Military training being given to German youth; even their playground sports are directed toward military exercise.

Typed Document Copy, 2 p.

Public declaration has been made that the Hitler salute is not expected from foreigners.

Typed Document Copy, 4 p.

Explains why "Berliner Tageblatt" is quoted so frequently in his dispatches; since German press is completely censored, the same news items appear in practically all newspapers in identical form.

Typed Document Copy, 3 p.

German authorities making effort to establish order in business; Betriebszellenleiter in Thuringia arrested for failing to obey orders to cease interference in business.

Typed Document Copy, 3 p.

Enclosure: See No. 264. Torsten Johnson, American seaman, arrested in Stettin, convicted, and sentenced to six months imprisonment for allegedly saying that Hitler was a Czechoslovakian Jew; Raymond H. Geist sent to Stettin to investigate; Geist's memorandum on subject enclosed.

Typed Document Copy, 5 p.

Harold P. Dahlquist, American temporarily in Germany, struck by S.A. man on street because he did not stop to watch S.A. parade or give Hitler salute; Consulate notifying authorities.

Typed Document Copy, 2 p.

Swiss citizen attacked by S.A. man on street in front of hotel; attack witnessed by American friend of Messersmith; Swiss was overheard saying to the hotel manager that his firm had bought half a million Swiss francs worth of goods a year in Germany, but that he was leaving immediately and never expected to return.

Typed Document Copy, 3 p.

Propaganda articles in German press giving wrong impression concerning U.S. immigration practice; articles state that American Consulate in Paris denies visas to Germans who apply for entrance to U.S. unless they supply evidence that they are permanent residents of Germany or submit certificate issued by German authorities stating that they are not political refugees; Consul General [Leo John] Keena in Paris denies such practice.

Typed Document Copy, 5 p.

Enclosure: See No. 284. Transmitting memorandum on establishment of a United Protestant Church in Germany.

Typed Document Copy, 1 p.

Hakenkreuz placed on church tower at Mainbernheim in Bavaria; as Hakenkreuz is purely a party symbol, it is indication of close union which party is endeavoring to bring about between church and state.

Typed Document Copy, 2 p.

Sixteen year old son of H. V. Kaltenborn, news editor for Columbia Broadcasting System, was walking with father, mother, and sister on Leipsiger Strasse in heart of Berlin when they saw a group of S.A. men marching down the street; stopped to look in shop window until procession passed; son suddenly seized from behind by civilian and struck in face; Kaltenborn did not report to police as he was fearful of leaving wife and daughter alone; since attacks upon Americans are continuing in spite of assurances by authorities they will be stopped, Department should consider warning Americans that they travel in Germany at their own risk.

Typed Document Copy, 4 p.

Reports attack by uniformed S.A. men on Samuel Brennan Bossard, American citizen, on Berlin street; two nearby policemen saw the attack but made no attempt to assist him or restrain the attackers.

Typed Document Copy, 3 p.

Attendance and business at Leipzig Fair reported considerably below previous levels; few foreign exhibitors or visitors; indication that economic situation in Germany has not improved and that foreigners have shown their disapproval of what is taking place in Germany.

Typed Document Copy, 7 p.

Enclosure: See No. 290. Transmitting report prepared by Consul [Raymond H.] Geist on German press, radio, film and theater as political instrument in the Hitler government.

Typed Document Copy, 2 p.

Enclosed with No. 301. Reminded Funk that the responsibility for discrimination against American picture firms was that of the Ministry since the Ministry had delegated its authority; further stated that American firms and their photographers were not permitted to become members of the Verein [Association of German Press Photographers]; Funk surprised that matter had not been settled; had been told that it was; Messersmith replied that it would not be settled until Funk or the Minister [Josef Goebbels] spoke to the President of the Verein and made it clear to him that the discriminatory action should stop; Ministry of Propaganda complains of unfavorable news in American press, but makes no effort to provide something which would make favorable impression.

Typed Document Copy, 3 p.

Enclosed with No. 333 Metzner agreeable to naming Loeb professor and said he would bring matter to attention of Minister [Wilhelm Frick].

Typed Document Copy, 1 p.

Enclosed with No. 300. Appreciates Consulate's efforts in obtaining his release from prison.

Typed Letter Copy, 1 p.

Enclosure: See No. 295. American photographic firms in Germany still having difficulty, in spite of verbal and written assurance from Ministry of Propaganda that discrimination against American firms would stop; responsibility for issuing permits to take pictures at public functions has been delegated by the Ministry to Association of German Press Photographers, whose president is owner of largest German picture firm and who wishes to reduce American competition by denying American firms sufficient permits; called on State Secretary [Walther] Funk and discussed the matter.

Typed Document Copy, 8 p.

Enclosure: See No. 296. Transmitting memorandum of conversation with Dr. Freisler of the Prussian Ministry of Justice with respect to the attitude of the courts in cases involving Americans.

Typed Document Copy, 5 p.

Enclosure: See No. 204. Summarizes present status of anti-Semitic movement in Germany; Dr. Achim Gorcke, racial expert in Ministry of Interior, defines non-Aryan as one who has even one Jewish grandparent; no alleviation in the situation of Jews in Germany; Hitler and Goebbels, of the higher Nazi leaders, remain adamant, and will not listen to views on the subject contrary to their own; racial offices established throughout Germany to compile racial records of all school children; law soon to be issued prohibiting marriage of German to Jews; persons of Jewish blood prohibited from holding any public office; laws planned to disfranchise Jews in preparation; Minister of Interior now has authority to deprive persons of citizenship without giving reason; among those who have lost citizenship in this manner are Heinrich Mann, Lion Feuchtwanger, Georg Bernhard, and Philipp Scheidemann; almost no Jewish professors left in universities; position of Jewish physicians and lawyers becoming daily more difficult; physical persecution of Jews has abated somewhat, but isolated instances continue.

Typed Document Copy, 19 p.

Bulletin and translation not with copy. Transmitting news bulletin issued by the Japanese Club in Germany; brought to his attention by friendly German who has contacts in Japanese Embassy; according to friend, staff at Embassy speak in manner hostile to U.S.

Typed Document Copy, 3 p.

Reports propaganda activities of various departments of German government; American visitors to Germany not getting true picture of situation; they generally go first to Amerika Institut, a semi-official body, from which they are carefully shepherded during their stay in the country; Samuel Bossard, American student who was attacked on Berlin street, and who was very angry when he came to Consulate to report attack, later changed his story; obvious that he had been influenced; learned that he had been shown the sights of Berlin and Potodam and introduced to young people; Walter Orloff, American student who had been accused of treason and imprisoned was taken directly to his ship when released and newsmen were not allowed to see him; on his arrival in New York he refused to be interviewed; Rotary Club, which had been suppressed for a time because it admitted Jews, was allowed to continue when it was realized it could be effective propaganda machine.

Typed Document Copy, 16 p.

Reports efforts in behalf of Watchtower Bible and Tract Society; earlier conversations with Staatssekretaer [Ludwig] Grauert in Prussian Ministry of Interior led to promise that property of Society would not be confiscated; in spite of promises property at Magdeburg was seized and eight of the personnel thrown into prison; no evidence that Society was carrying on subversive activities; ban on the Society and seizure of its property a violation of Treaty of 1923 between U.S. and Germany; Consul [Raymond H.] Geist called at Prussian Ministry and made vigorous protest to Grauert; Grauert sent telegram to Magdeburg with instructions that property be released, but with stipulation that no printing be done there and no meetings held in chapel; opinion of Consulate General that, under Treaty, Society should be allowed to continue printing so long as it violates no German laws now in force.

Typed Document Copy, 10 p.

Replying to Department's request for information as to situation of B'Nai Brith in Germany; talked with Dr. Alfred Goldschmidt, President of B'Nai Brith in Germany who stated that central government has issued no edict against the lodges, and the Berlin lodge has suffered no interference, but in some of the smaller cities and towns, there had been incidents - lodges closed, premises searched, funds seized; chief difficulty now lack of funds, with so many members thrown out of work.

Typed Document Copy, 5 p.

Sends copy of article from Manchester Guardian of Oct. 4, 1933, which describes operations of new German Secret Police; Consulate has on several occasions had to deal with police; article enclosed with original of dispatch only.

Typed Document Copy, 2 p.

Rabbi Joshua Kohn of Utica, New York challenged statement that "there were 450,000 or 460,000 prostitutes in Berlin and that Jews were responsible for that situation" and was told that American Consul in Berlin had verified the figures; Messersmith denies that he or any member of his staff has verified such a statement.

Typed Document Copy, 2 p.

Observations on inadvisability of U.S. government applying Section 303 of Tariff Act of 1930 providing for countervailing duties on imports from certain countries.

Typed Document Copy, 9 p.

Assailants of Roland J. Velz, American citizen in Dusseldorf, arrested and sentenced to six months imprisonment; arrest and sentence given publicity in German press; authority of police may be strengthened.

Typed Document Copy, 2 p.

Assailant of Dr. Daniel Mulvihill, American residing temporarily in Berlin, arrested and sent to concentration camp.

Typed Document Copy, 4 p.

Must judge Germany by her acts, not what her leaders say; not so much physical brutality now but concentration camps and prisons still full of innocent people; when American visitors report favorably on Germany one wonders what the price has been; Mr. Ball, foreign traffic manager of Pennsylvania R.R., made statement in Paris that if Americans got in trouble in Germany it was their own fault; Thomas John] Watson, President of U.S. Chamber of Commerce, gave interview to "Angriff", Goebbels' paper, in which he gave present regime clean bill of health; hardness and brutality exist even among the youth; Hitler, Goebbels and Goering more moderate in their public utterances, but still intemperate in action; election Nov. 12 in which populace expected to approve regime's policies; citizens afraid to abstain from voting and afraid to vote "No"; many campaign speeches to justify Germany's leaving League and Disarmament Conference by making people believe Germany's security menaced; speeches emphasize unfavorable foreign press; [Kurt] Schmitt braved Hitler on Jewish question in conference of several hours; tried to convince Hitler economic aspects of present Jewish policy presented grave dangers for Germany; is told Hitler remained unconvinced and implacable; had luncheon for Ambassador [William E. Dodd] to meet some of the radical Nazi leaders, among them Dr. Hilland, who admitted their Jewish policies were causing them more injury abroad than any other aspect of Nazi movement and said that within reasonable time a proper percentage of Jews would again take part in all phases of German life; told him his statement could not be reconciled with what was still taking place; on Oct. 1, 150 members, 85 percent of whom were Jews, were eliminated from the Berlin Stock Exchange; important German company received official letters from two ministries with orders to eliminate from its Board of Directors all remaining Jews, though these Jews were considered indispensable to the business; to appease public sentiment at home and abroad German press now publishing less violent articles on racial matters, but policy of Nazi leaders has not changed; continued talk that there will be changes in Cabinet after election; concerned about Nazi propaganda in U.S.;son of Ivy [Ledbetter] Lee here as his father's representative; convinced that both father and son are in Nazi employ; told Party men at luncheon that their propaganda in U.S. would do them more harm than good; Americans recognize propaganda for what it is and are sick of it; an important Party man said at luncheon he had heard that President and Mrs. Roosevelt had only Jewish advisers that U.S. anti-German policy was dictated by Jews; pointed out to him that if Roosevelt's had Jewish friends and advisers it was because they were fine people and good citizens and any anti-German feeling in U.S. due not to any action of our government but to actions of German government; Dr. Ilgner to leave for U.S. in a month; he is now big man in Party and propaganda adviser; thinks himself a superman and is unscrupulous; should be watched, but not believed when he gets to America; Ambassador Dodd extremely resourceful; effort made to force him into position to say things favorable about Germany, but he will not allow himself to be used; resentment in Germany among all classes about treatment of Germany in disarmament problem; when asked opinion on Germany's withdrawal from League and Disarmament Conference, replied that decision to withdraw was made in heat of anger, and such decisions usually a mistake; convinced that Hitler is mentally a pathological case; Germans now courting Japanese; they will try to court U.S. also but U.S. must remain objective and cool; believes nothing can now stop this government except severe economic reverses.

Typed Letter Copy, 18 p.

Germany now sensitive to foreign opinion, but instead of refraining from acts which have given her bad name abroad, tries to counteract by spreading propaganda; distinguished visitors are met by people of the various ministries, entertained, and shown the sights; some Americans no doubt taken in; leaders of government now disclaiming their interest in spreading National Socialism abroad, but there is evidence to the contrary; Dr. Ilgner, high Party official who also has connections with I. G. Farben going to U.S. in January; no credence should be placed in any statements he makes about Germany.

Typed Document Copy, 14 p.

Replies to Department's request for information on public and private schools in Germany to which American parents may send their children; both public and private schools are controlled by government and the chief aim is to develop good Party members; new textbooks being written; emphasis on physical and militaristic training; would not advise American parents to send children to any German school.

Typed Document Copy, 13 p.

Observations on Germany's withdrawal from Disarmament Conference and League of Nations and on election of Nov. 12; withdrawal a surprise to German people; Goebbels, at conference, told by Sir John Simon that British government would support no increase in armaments of Germany until it could place more confidence in the promises of present German government; Goebbels, angered, hastened back to Berlin, conferred with Hitler, and announcement of withdrawal was made next day; election, called for Nov. 12, a clever political move; voters to vote yes or no on whether they support the government and also for candidates of the Reichstag, all of whom are National Socialists; only one outcome possible, but government can boast that all Germany is united; leaders making campaign speeches as if this were real election.

Typed Document Copy, 18 p.

Further information with respect to discrimination in favor of German ships; Alexander C. Kerr, European manager of Southern States Lines, called at Consulate; his line carries only freight, and unlike the Roosevelt Steamship Co., which carries passengers also, has suffered considerable loss because of German discriminatory practices; use of German ships not an official government regulation and for the present no action U.S. government can take; if situation continues, U.S. might adopt retaliatory measures.

Typed Document Copy, 8 p.

Attended Rotary Club luncheon at Hotel Kaiserhof on Nov. 8; visiting speaker from Braunschweig made very disparaging remarks about American press; left during speech and returned to Consulate; Alexander Flinsch, presiding officer and Fritz Klein called at Consulate on behalf of governing board to express regret.

Typed Document Copy, 7 p.

English translation of preceding entry.

Typed Document Copy, 1 p.

Observations on economic situation in Germany; accurate data difficult to secure; information from bankers, industrialists, and business men not encouraging in contrast to optimistic public statements; Hitler's appointment of [Kurt] Schmitt as Minister of Commerce a wise move; Schmitt an able and prudent man who disagrees with Nazi attitudes and policies; situation likely to improve if Schmitt allowed to remain in office, but he has enemies close to Hitler who would like him removed; General Council for Trade met on Sept. 21; Hitler and Krupp von Bohlen-Halbach spoke in general terms; Schmitt was only person present who offered constructive ideas; said when competent men were removed from business and industry and replaced by incompetents Germany could not expect recovery; emphasized importance of foreign trade; unemployment remains primary problem; government considering simplification of tax system.

Typed Document Copy, 22 p.

Special consideration to be shown veterans under proposed decrees to be issued in Germany; another instance of placing emphasis on military matters.

Typed Document Copy, 4 p.

Election on Nov. 12 a huge spectacle but not real election; questions so phrased that voter must vote "Yes"; vote intended to be used to home and abroad to show complete endorsement of National Socialist Party and all its actions; no candidates for Reichstag except those of National Socialist Party; Reichstag election, when leaders have proclaimed the uselessness of parliaments, an indication of hollowness of election; leaders will claim vote is expression of will for peace, at the same time they are preparing for war; [Kurt] Schmitt and [Hjalmar] Schacht still in cabinet; possibly Hitler sees wisdom of keeping a conservative element in government, even though he is more in sympathy with radicals; economic prospects not encouraging; pressure for rearmament comes not only from Party but from industry; going ahead in aircraft; Krupps increasing capacity for armament production; according to Pertinax [i.e. André Geraud] France could not fight a preventive war, because French military already afraid of German defensive action through chemical warfare; persecution of Jews continues; [Albert] Einstein's German property confiscated; U.S, must be unrelenting in combatting Nazi propaganda in America.

Typed Letter Copy, 12 p.

2 copies. Appraisal of Hermann Goering; stocky, broad shouldered; gives impression of force and virility; primarily a soldier, fond of display, very vain and prejudiced, but amenable to reason; no student, but has a keen receptive mind; good administrator.

Typed Document, 3 p.