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Walter J. Lear papers
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Held at: University of Pennsylvania: Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts [Contact Us]3420 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6206
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the University of Pennsylvania: Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
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Walter Jay Lear (1923-2010) was an American physician, public health official, and activist for healthcare reform, LGBTQ+ rights, and numerous other causes.
Lear was born in Brooklyn, New York on May 4, 1923 to Russian immigrant parents, Ida R. and Edward G. Lear. He had one older brother, listed as Edward E. Lear in the 1925 census, Richard Lear in the 1940 census, and Richard Edward Lear on a 1940 draft card. During his childhood, the Lear family moved to Miami Beach, Florida, where Lear attended Miami Beach Senior High School.
On December 21, 1945, Lear married Grammy Award-winning opera singer, Evelyn D. Schulman Lear, with whom he had two children, Jan R. Stewart and Bonni J. Stewart. Walter and Evelyn Lear divorced in January of 1953. Walter Lear then began a relationship with James Payne in 1953 and they remained together until Lear's death. Lear and Payne lived at 206 N 35th Street in Powelton Village, Philadelphia, where Lear was active in community organizing and advocacy.
Lear graduated with a Bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1943. In 1942, while a student at Harvard, he was drafted to the United States Army where he served for two years in the Commission Corps of the United States Public Health Service. He went on to study medicine at the Long Island College of Medicine (now SUNY Downstate), funded by the U.S. Army. He earned his Doctor of Medicine in 1946 and a Master's in Hospital Administration from Columbia University in 1948. While a student, Lear was involved with the Liberal Union, National Student Association, War Service Committee, Bonds and stamps committee, Pre-Medical Society, Stamp Club, and American Student Defense League and served as the National Executive Director of the Association of Internes and Medical Students.
Walter Lear began his career as an intern at Permanente Hospital in Oakland, California from 1946 to 1947. He then served as a consultant on occupational health plans in the Division of Industrial Hygiene of the United States Public Health Service from 1948 to 1951. In 1951, he became the Assistant Director of Montefiore Hospital in New York. In 1952, George Rosen approached Lear to develop an occupational health program for the Health Insurance Plan (HIP) (Mazumdar, 2011). While the occupational health program never came to be, Lear served as HIP's Associate Medical Director from 1952 until 1961. From 1961 through 1964, Lear worked as a community health consultant, working extensively with the Community Council of Greater New York.
From 1964 through 1971, Lear served as the First Deputy Commissioner of the Philadelphia Department of Public Health. He left the position after Frank Rizzo was elected to be Philadelphia's Mayor in 1972 (Mazumdar, 2011). Lear's work in Philadelphia notably included the health component of the Model Cities Program and serving as the Executive Director of the Philadelphia General Hospital. Of this work, the American Public Health Association said, "In the Philadelphia Public Health Department, he developed its Family Medical Care Centers and the genuinely grass roots health component of the city's Model Cities plan." (2006 Social Justice Award) Lear returned to work for the City of Philadelphia from 1984 through 1988, when he was appointed as the Chair of the Philadelphia Human Relations Committee by Mayor Wilson Goode. The Committee was charged with enforcing the City's Civil Rights laws.
In 1972, Lear became the Commissioner for the Southeastern Region of the Pennsylvania Departments of Health and Public Welfare. He remained the Commissioner until 1976, at which time he became a member of the executive staff to the Secretary of Health on the Pennsylvania Department of Health until 1979. Of his accomplishments, the American Public Health Association said, "In the Pennsylvania Public Health Department, he created a women's health concerns program and a consumers' general health care complaint service" (2006 Social Justice Award) During his time as Commissioner, Walter Lear publicly came out as gay in the January 1976 edition of the Philadelphia Gay News. In the article, Lear stated that by publicly coming out, he hoped to "emphasize the need for better medical treatment for gays." At the time, Lear became the first openly gay public official in Pennsylvania, and possibly in the United States.
After his roles with the Pennsylvania Department of Health, Lear largely committed his time to activism and organizational involvement. He was the founder and president of the Institute of Social Medicine and Community Health (ISMCH) from 1982 through 2006. Lear founded ISMCH as an "independent, non-profit foundation engaged in community service, education, and research." [box 42, folder 13] In this endeavor, Lear focused on creating an extensive collection of materials that document health activism and the history of the health left.
Lear was heavily involved with, or had leadership roles in, numerous organizations including, but not limited to, the American Friends Service Committee, Bread & Roses, The Bridge, The People's Fund, Black Artists' Gallery, Gay and Lesbian Community Center, Physicians Forum, SANE, the Medical Committee for Human Rights, Maternity Care Coalition, Lavender Left, Health/PAC, National Urban League, Physicians for Social Responsibility, National Gay Health Coalition, and Philadelphia Health For All.
Lear was actively involved in grass-roots activism and notably participated in numerous protests and demonstrations. His work as an activist and association with leftist politics resulted both in his arrest and investigation by the United States Public Health Service. He was one of 30 doctors who picketed the 1963 American Medical Association conference in Atlantic City in protest of the association's segregation policies and was arrested at a 1981 protest of Ronald Reagan's budget proposals. In 1949, he received a letter from the Board of Inquiry on Employee Loyalty of the Federal Security Agency notifying him of an investigation into his loyalty to the United States Government due to his association with alleged Communists during his time at Harvard University. In 1976, he received confirmation from the Central Intelligence Agency through the Freedom of Information Act, that he appeared in a report regarding the Student Health Organization.
One of the early causes Lear actively fought for was Civil Rights. His protest of the American Medical Association segregation policies is an early example of his involvement in the Civil Rights Movement, but he also was a co-founder (1963) and officer in the Medical Committee for Human Rights. He served as a health care consultant for the National Urban League and in 1964 he authored the organization's "groundbreaking" report, Health Care and the Negro Population (2006 Social Justice Award). He was also a founder of the Philadelphia Committee for Black Medical Student Admissions in the 1970s.
After he came out publicly in 1976, Lear became heavily involved in LQBTQ+ activism and the Gay Rights Movement. He was a founder of the American Public Health Association's (APHA) Caucus of Gay Public Health Workers in 1975, an organizer of the first National Gay Health Conference in 1978, a founder of the Gay and Lesbian Community Center of Philadelphia (now the William Way Community Center), a founder and board member of the Philadelphia AIDS Task Force, and a co-chair for the first national conference on AIDS in 1982.
Lear was also an advocate for the health left and leftist movements in general. He created and served as the director for the U.S. Health Left History Center, was a founding member of the Sigerist Circle, and was active in APHA's Spirit of 1848 Caucus.
In 2006, Lear was awarded the Helen Rodrigues-Trias Award for Social Justice by the APHA.
Walter Lear was an avid dancer and swimmer. He helped found the Independence Squares, a lesbian and gay square-dancing club, and won a gold medal in the 200-meter freestyle in the 75 to 80-year-old age bracket at the 1998 Gay Olympics in Amsterdam.
Walter Lear died of kidney failure resulting from multiple myeloma, a bone cancer he battled for four years before his death, on May 29, 2010.
Sources:
"2006 Social Justice Award of the American Public Health Association goes to Walter J. Lear" (Kislak Center administrative file)
Mazumdar, Pauline. "Obituary: Walter J. Lear (4th May 1923 – 29th May 2010). Sigerist Circle Newsletter. Spring 2011.
Walter Lear papers, 1923-2008, Ms. Coll. 1553, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books, and Manuscripts. University of Pennsylvania
The Walter Lear papers measure 56 linear feet in 57 boxes and date primarily from 1923 to 2008. They consist primarily of material relating to Lear's career and activism. Lear's work as the Deputy Commissioner of the Philadelphia Health Department and Commissioner of the Southeastern Region of the Pennsylvania Health Department comprise the bulk of the collection, but there is also significant material relating to his other professional roles, activism, organizational involvement, and personal life and family.
This collection is of value to anyone hoping to learn about Walter Lear's personal life and professional and activist work and accomplishments. Health initiatives in Philadelphia and the greater Philadelphia metropolitan area are very well documented, both from within a traditional institutional framework and from the perspective of grassroots organizing. The most substantial portion of the collection documents project and topic-related work with the Philadelphia Department of Public Health. Organizing and social change from the 1960s through the 1980s is represented throughout Lear's work, activism, and organizational involvement.
The first six series came with very little original order. Series seven through eleven, however, were separated out and grouped together by Walter Lear. With that in mind, there is overlap in the material that was not arranged and the material that was intentionally grouped together by Walter Lear. Researchers seeking information about Walter Lear's career, organizational involvement, and activism, are advised to search the inventory for series four through series eleven to ensure they see all relevant entries.
It is important to note that the Walter J. Lear papers are inextricably connected to the other collections under the umbrella of the Walter J. Lear U.S. Health Activism History Collection. The Walter J. Lear papers document Walter Lear's work and personal life, but his collected material is found in the Institute of Social Medicine and Community Health (ISMCH) collection (which is in the Kislak Center processing queue). With that in mind, Lear's collected research material documenting various individuals in the health field, organizations, and health and activism-related topics will be found in the ISMCH collection.
Throughout this finding aid, the term "references" is used to describe Walter Lear's readings and research material.
Additional information on the arrangement of this collection can be found at the series-level.
Arrangement Outline:
I. Personal life and family, 1923-2008
II. Education, 1932-2008
III. Military Service, 1943-1952
IV. Work
a. United States Public Health Service, Consultant on Industrial Health and Hygiene, 1947-1980, bulk 1947-1951
b. Montefiore Hospital, 1951-2000, bulk 1951-1955
c. Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York, 1948-1976, bulk 1951-1961
d. Community Council of Greater New York, 1956-1964, bulk 1961-1964
e. Community Health Consultant, 1961-1979, bulk 1961-1963
f. Philadelphia Department of Health, Deputy Commissioner, 1960-1996
i. Administrative files, 1960-1981
ii. Committee, topic, and project-based work, 1963-1977
iii. Philadelphia General Hospital, 1965-1971, 1994
iv. Teaching, 1966-1971
v. Writings, 1968-1969
vi. Commission on Human Relations, 1981-1996
g. Pennsylvania Department of Health, Southeastern Region, Commissioner, 1962-1983
i. Administrative files, 1963-1981
ii. Committee, topic, and project-based work, 1962-1983
h. Teaching, 1964-1990
i. References, 1967, 1980 V. New York City: Work & Involvements, 1945-1969
VI. Activism and Organizational Involvement, 1947-2005
a. Topics and causes, 1957-2003
b. Organizations, 1947-2005 VII. Writings
a. Writings from Walter Lear's professional positions, 1948-2002
b. General writings and writings associated with organizational involvement, 1947-2007
c. Presentations and speaking engagements, 1961-1994 VIII. Reading files, 1951-2002
IX. Diaries (appointment books), 1963-2002
X. Bibliographies, 1948-1994
XI. Directories [contacts], 1963-1995
XII. Miscellaneous material, 1944-1993, undated
Gift of Walter Lear, 2004.
Organization
Subject
- Publisher
- University of Pennsylvania: Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts
- Finding Aid Author
- Kelin Baldridge Smallwood
- Finding Aid Date
- 2023 September 27
- Access Restrictions
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The bulk of this collection is open for research use, however, Box 30, folders 16 and 31 are restricted because they contain personally identifiable information.
- Use Restrictions
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Copyright restrictions may exist. For most library holdings, the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania do not hold copyright. It is the responsibility of the requester to seek permission from the holder of the copyright to reproduce material from the Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books, and Manuscripts.