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George Kreier, Jr. Collection
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Held at: University of Pennsylvania: Architectural Archives [Contact Us]220 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19094
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the University of Pennsylvania: Architectural Archives. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
Overview and metadata sections
Dr. George J Kreier was a pioneer in the field of forming techniques using plastics, collaborating with some of the mid-centuries best known architects like Louis Kahn, Edward Durell Stone and Marcel Breuer. Kreier's innovations spanned across the building disciplines including making monumental concrete architecture possible by designing molds for cast in place and poured in place concrete, using reinforced plastics in historic restorations, and patenting methods to build mass low-income housing quickly and affordably.
Kreier was born on November 27, 1922, in Philadelphia, PA to German immigrant George Kreier and Anna Kreier. Kreier attended Central High School before serving between 1941 and 1945 in the United States Air Force as a research meteorologist, and later as a Captain in the Air Force Reserve. In between military service, Kreier completed a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1946. Kreier went on to earn a Master's degree in Test & Management Statistics and Doctorate in Education at Temple University in 1947 and 1952 respectively. While pursuing his Doctorate, he served as a graduate assistant developing reading machines for the partially sighted with the Franklin Institute. Dr. George Kreier Jr. joined his father's architectural sculpture company around 1951 creating Kreier Organizations. George Kreier Sr ran his own architectural decorative sculpture studio starting around 1915, mainly implementing traditional plaster techniques learned at the Royal Academy of Munich.
While at Kreier Organizations, Kreier served as President shifting the studio into a leading firm in the use of fiberglass reinforced plastics in architecture. Kreier's first large commissions in fiberglass molds were for amusement park rides and advertising signs for companies such as Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters, Ad Color Display Company and Consolidated Molded Products. In the tradition of his father's work, Kreier Organizations created plastic molds for architectural decoration and artist commissions, particularly for churches and schools. By the 1960's the firm was getting commissions for monumental architecture work, creating molds for cast in place and poured in place concrete, and providing technical solutions for concrete building problems.
In 1964, Kreier was commissioned to plan and mass produce low-cost homes to meet demands for modern housing in Jamaica. Kreier designed molds for floors, ceilings, and walls before traveling to Jamaica to oversee the casting of concrete and construction of the homes. With just one set of molds, 5,000 homes were created in a short period of time. Kreier patented this method of creating low-cost concrete panels in plastic molds in 1969. As part of this work, Kreier founded the West Indies Company in Kingston Jamaica, which produced over 20,000 housing units.
Kreier used his knowledge of traditional techniques for plaster learned from his father, and modern plastics to advance his historic restoration work. He restored the clock in Independence Hall and used marble and bronze combined with fiberglass in the restoration of the Merchant's Exchange. Krier's other restorations include Skyline Lodge in Shenandoah National Park, the First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia, and Logan and College Halls at the University of Pennsylvania.
This collection contains the records of the professional work and practice of George Kreier, Jr., a Philadelphia-based decorative and structural mold maker, designer, and inventor. It measures approximately 7 linear feet and includes architectural drawings, professional and project correspondence, patent research as well as the final patents, project related photographic material (including descriptions and tear sheet layouts for advertising the work of the firm), a few competitor catalogs, and plaster and plasticine sample objects. The collection contains little material from George Kreier Jr's father, George Kreier Sr., and his work in decorative sculpture. There is also no personal material for George Kreier Jr. or the Kreier family.
Gift of the Estate of George Kreier, 2007.
The collection was processed and the finding aid prepared by William Whitaker, Allison Olsen and Heather Isbell Schumacher, with the assistance of Shaikhah Alsahi. Work was substantially completed in 2018, with additions and corrections in 2021.
- Publisher
- University of Pennsylvania: Architectural Archives
- Use Restrictions
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This collection is available for research by appointment only.
Collection Inventory
Series I documents Kreier's pre cast and decorative concrete or plasticine mold work with architects, from between 1960 and 1972. Most of the drawings are marked up prints sent by the architects to Kreier for the commission, there are a few original sketches by the architects or Kreier's office. These drawings were originally folded within the corresponding project folders. Notable consulting projects include Millcreek Public Housing with Louis Kahn (Philadelphia, PA), State University of New York at Albany with Edward Durell Stone, Princeton University, School of Public and International Affairs Building with Minoru Yamasaki, and Precast concrete housing plans for workers in Jamaica.
Arranged by client in alphabetical order.
Physical Description7 folders
1 drawings
2 drawings
1 drawings
1 drawings
3 drawings
1 drawings
1 drawings
2 drawings
2 drawings
1 drawings
3 drawings
2 drawings
2 drawings
7 drawings
1 drawings
1 drawings
12 drawings
5 drawings
1 drawings
1 drawings
1 drawings
3 drawings
4 drawings
6 drawings
7 drawings
4 drawings
4 drawings
1 drawings
1 drawings
1 drawings
5 drawings
1 drawings
2 drawings
2 drawings
2 drawings
3 drawings
10 drawings
2 drawings
2 drawings
42 drawings
6 drawings
4 drawings
Series II documents Kreier's professional work from two periods: his precast and decorative concrete or plasticine mold work between 1955 and 1972, and his architectural restoration work for the University of Pennsylvania between 1989 and 1999. There is no documentation of his childhood, student work, or work from between 1973 and 1988.
Section A contains biographical files for George Kreier Jr., including a curriculum vitae, and two items likely inherited from George Kreier Sr: a product catalog from George Kreier Sr's sculpture company, and a sketchbook from the 1860's by fellow German immigrant and Philadelphia sculptor, Franz Meynen.
Section B contains two cubic feet of professional and project correspondence for precast and decorative concrete or plasticine mold work between 1955 and 1972. This section is arranged alphabetically by the architect for the project, or the company Kreier was contracted through, like Eastern Schokcrete. Thought these projects are mainly for architectural commissions, Kreier also did molded plastic work for amusement parks and decoration. A few of these projects are represented including the Lusse Brothers – Bumper cars, and the Philadelphia Toboggan Company.
Section C documents Kreier's historic conservation work for the University of Pennsylvania completed between 1989 and 1999. This work mainly compromises stone analysis, repair and infill for College Hall, Logan Hall, the Furness library steps and plaza and the Perelman Quadrangle. Also in this section are records related to a cast stone window repair at the First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia.
Series III contains research and the patents for two patents by Kreier: House molding system and Gel Coat system. Records include the drafts and research for the patents, as well as patent search with copies of related patents. Kreier also applied and received patents in several international countries, which is also documented in this series.
Series V contains project photography for work created by Kreier Organizations between 1950 and 1972. Most of the photography are photoprints, there are few slides or negatives. A particular highlight are the print layouts and tear sheets created to advertise the companies work. There is a sheet for most of the completed projects by Kreier Organizations between 1960 and 1970, these sheets give the architect's name, the building contractor's name, locations, and date. The sheets also contain a description of the work completed by Kreier Organizations along with photography of the work. In some of the sheets, there is a detailed description of the work process.
Physical Description67 folders
6 Photographic Prints
26 Photographic Prints
1 Tear Sheets
3 Photographic Prints
3 Photographic Negatives
2 Photographic Prints
14 Photographic Prints
9 Photographic Prints
16 Photographic Prints
4 Photographic Prints
7 Photographic Prints
5 Polaroids
1 Photographic Prints
12 Polaroids
3 Photographic Prints
7 Photographic Prints
2 Photographic Prints
2 Photographic Prints
2 Photographic Prints
6 Photographic Prints
8 Photographic Prints
4 Photographic Prints
2 Photographic Prints
4 Photographic Prints
7 Photographic Prints
10 Photographic Negatives
7 Photographic Prints
13 Photographic Prints
22 Photographic Prints
3 Photographic Prints
4 Photographic Prints
4 Photographic Prints
12 Photographic Prints
8 Photographic Prints
3 Photographic Prints
1 Photographic Prints
8 Photographic Prints
2 Photographic Prints
5 Photographic Prints
2 Photographic Prints
10 Photographic Prints
17 Photographic Prints
3 Photographic Prints
3 Photographic Prints
4 Photographic Prints
6 Photographic Prints
8 Photographic Prints
1 Photographic Prints
3 Photographic Prints
5 Photographic Prints
3 Photographic Prints
2 Print Layouts
15 Photographic Prints
28 Photographic Prints
19 Photographic Prints
64 Photographic Prints
12 Photographic Prints
16 Photographic Prints
3 Photographic Prints
16 Photographic Prints
20 Photographic Prints
11 Photographic Prints
6 Photographic Prints
8 Photographic Prints
1 Photographic Prints
17 Photographic Prints
81 Photographic Prints
5 Photographic Prints
22 Photographic Prints
2 Photographic Prints
7 Photographic Prints
1 itemplasticine12 Inches in diameter
1 itemplaster14 x 20 inches
1 itemplaster mounted on wood23.75 x 4 inches
1 itemplaster11.5 x 7.5 inches
1 itemplasticine8.5 x 8.5 inches