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Alfred Bader Papers
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Held at: Science History Institute Archives [Contact Us]315 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the Science History Institute Archives. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
Overview and metadata sections
Alfred Bader (1924-2018) was an Austrian Canadian research chemist, entrepreneur, art historian, and art collector. An Austrian Jew, Bader was born on April 28, 1924 in Vienna, Austria. In June 1938, he was forced out of school because Jews were forbidden to attend beyond the age of fourteen. On December 10, 1938, he was sent from Austria to England as part of the Kindertransport to escape Nazi persecution. While in England, Bader attended the East Hove Senior School for Boys and Brighton Technical College. In 1940, due to the outbreak of World War II, he was interned as an enemy alien by the British government. This caused him to be deported to Canada, where he was sent to an internment camp for European refugees.
While in the internment camp, Bader passed his junior and senior matriculation, taking exams from McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. A Montreal sponsor, Martin Wolff, welcomed him into a Canadian Jewish family in late 1941 and encouraged him to study further. After being rejected by McGill University, which had a Jewish "quota" and by the University of Toronto, where the chemistry department was doing sensitive war work, Bader was accepted by Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. He received his B.S. in Engineering Chemistry from Queen's University (1945), followed by a B.A. in History (1946) from the same school. During the summers, Bader worked for Murphy Paint Company in Montreal, formulating paints, lacquers, and varnishes to order. He completed his M.S. in Chemistry (1947) at Queen's University, while doing considerable work on the oxidation of linoleic acids and isomeric tetrahydroxy stearic acids. While working for Murphy Paint Company, Bader was offered financial support to do graduate work, on the condition that he return to work at the company.
Bader was awarded a research fellowship allowing him to attend Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he was a student of organic chemist Louis F. Fieser. He received both an M.A. in Chemistry (1949) and a Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry (1950) from Harvard. In 1950, Bader moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin to take up a position as a research chemist with Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company (PPG). His appointment to PPG's Milwaukee, Wisconsin research facilities broke an unwritten rule against the hiring of Jews and African-Americans.
While at PPG, where he served as Research Chemist and Organic Group Leader (1950-1954), Bader did significant work in noncatalytic transesterification and in the development of monomers, including systematic studies of alkenylphenols, unsaturated phenols, and phenolic resins. This work led to him being awarded a number of patents. The patent for his method of creating diphenolic acid was later sold by PPG to S. C. Johnson and Son, Incorporated for one million dollars.
While working at PPG, Bader saw the need for a reliable company dedicated to providing quality research chemicals. At the time, Eastman Kodak Company was the only supplier such chemicals. In 1951, Bader and his friend, attorney Jack N. Eisendrath, founded Aldrich Chemical Company, with each of them putting two hundred-fifty dollars into the venture. Aldrich started as a mail order business, selling domestic and imported chemicals from a series of catalogs which grew in size and reputation.
When the PPG decided to move its research facilities from Milwaukee to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Bader declined to follow, resigning to devote his full attention to his business. In 1955, he bought out Eisendrath and became sole proprietor of Aldrich until 1966, when it became a publicly traded company following an initial offer of one hundred thousand shares of stock, of which only fourteen thousand shares were sold. Aldrich's expertise lay in the field of organic chemicals, but with the burgeoning of research in the biochemical area, Aldrich viewed expansion as both natural and desirable.
In 1971, Aldrich purchased sixteen percent of the stock of Hexagon Laboratories, Incorporated, a New York manufacturer of pharmaceuticals and biochemical intermediates. In January 1975, Hexagon received a tender offer from Pharma-Investment Limited, a Canadian affiliate of Boehringer Ingelheim, G.m.b.H., a German pharmaceutical manufacturer. That same year, Aldrich merged with Sigma International, Limited, a St. Louis, Missouri-based manufacturer of biochemical products. The resultant holding company became known as Sigma-Aldrich Corporation and was based in St. Louis. With sales in excess of two billion dollars, Sigma-Aldrich became the most profitable chemical company in the world.
From 1975 to 1980, Alfred Bader served as President of Sigma-Aldrich Corporation. He served as Chairman of the company from 1980 to 1988. In an instance of unexpected corporate upheaval, Bader was voted off Sigma-Aldrich's Board of Directors in 1992, losing the title of Chairman Emeritus, but remaining one of the company's largest stockholders. Sigma-Aldrich later reinstated him in the role of "Chemist Collector," in which he provided the company's journal Aldrichimica Acta with paintings for publication on its covers.
After Bader was expelled from Sigma-Aldrich's Board of Directors, he decided to pursue his great love of art, becoming a respected art historian as well as a dealer in fine art. His specialty was the Dutch School and he had a special fondness for works depicting alchemical and biblical scenes.
Bader was an active member of several professional organizations, including the American Chemical Society and Royal Society of Chemistry. He was the recipient of numerous awards and honors, including honorary doctorates from Purdue University (1984) and Queen's University (1986), and the American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal (1997). Bader authored several scientific journal articles and papers. He also presented numerous lectures on art history and was author of the book Adventures of a Chemist Collector (1995).
Bader was also an active philanthropist. He gave charitable donations to several universities, including his alma mater Queen's University. Bader established a number of fellowships, including the Alfred Bader Graduate Fellowship. He also funded several awards, including the American Chemical Society's Alfred Bader Award in Bioinorganic or Bioorganic Chemistry and the Austrian Academy of Sciences' Ignatz Lieben Prize.
Alfred Bader passed away on December 23, 2018 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Sources
Aldrich Chemical Company Collection, Science History Institute Archives, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Alfred Bader Papers, Science History Institute Archives, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Oral History Interview with Alfred Bader, Science History Institute Archives, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The Alfred Bader Papers contain the business records and personal papers of Austrian Canadian research chemist, entrepreneur, art historian, and art collector Alfred Bader. The contents of the Alfred Bader Papers had very little original order to them when donated to the Science History Institute. The collection has been arranged artificially by the processor into the following seven series:
- Sigma-Aldrich Corporation Files
- Personal Files
- Ledger and Research Notebooks
- Printed Materials
- Oversized
- Audio-Visual and Electronic Storage Materials
- Images
The Alfred Bader Papers were donated to the Science History Institute (formerly the Chemical Heritage Foundation) by Alfred Bader in two accretions: August 2016 and December 2016.
The Alfred Bader Papers were processed by Kenton G. Jaehnig in December 2022.
People
Organization
Subject
- Art -- Collectors and collecting
- Art, Dutch
- Art historians
- Chemical industry -- United States
- Chemical laboratories -- Equipment and supplies -- Catalogs
- Chemicals -- Catalogs
- Chemists -- United States
- Commercial art
Occupation
- Publisher
- Science History Institute Archives
- Finding Aid Author
- Finding aid created and encoded into EAD by Kenton G. Jaehnig.
- Finding Aid Date
- 2022
- Access Restrictions
-
There are no access restrictions on the materials for research purposes and the collection is open to the public.
- Use Restrictions
-
The Science History Institute holds copyright to the Alfred Bader Papers. The researcher assumes full responsibility for all copyright, property, and libel laws as they apply.
Collection Inventory
This series contains the Sigma-Aldrich Corporation Files. It contains Sigma-Aldrich business records, which were collected by Alfred Bader. The contents of the Sigma-Aldrich Corporation Files are arranged into the following six sub-series:
- General Correspondence
- Alphabetical Correspondence
- Board of Directors Files
- Financial Information Files
- Subject Files
- Sigma-Aldrich Affair Files
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series contains Sigma-Aldrich Corporation's General Correspondence files, which were collected by Alfred Bader. These files document various business activities of Sigma-Aldrich and its corporate predecessors between 1952 and 2002. The files also provide documentation of Alfred Bader's involvement in the management of the firm. The materials in these files mainly concern financial and legal matters. Other business matters, including, but not limited to, investor relations, customer relations, and product orders are also covered here.
A majority of the files in this sub-series were generated by Sigma-Aldrich itself. Ten files generated by Sigma Chemical Company, a corporate predecessor that later became a division of Sigma-Aldrich, are also found in the General Correspondence Files. Four files generated by Sigma International, Limited, which merged with Aldrich Chemical Company to form Sigma-Aldrich, are also present in this sub-series. A single file of correspondence generated by Aldrich Chemical Company, the corporate predecessor co-founded by Alfred Bader, which merged with Sigma International, Limited and later became a division of Sigma-Aldrich is preserved here as well.
The contents of the General Correspondence Files consist of a variety of materials. Memoranda, letters, financial documents, legal documents, reports, and Board of Directors minutes are the most common items. Smaller, but noticeable, amounts of press releases, shareholder meeting notices, and Board of Directors meeting agendas are also present in these files. Small amounts of other miscellaneous materials, including, but not limited to, product order invoices, photocopied newspaper articles, magazine articles, and phone call summaries are preserved in this sub-series as well.
Contains 2 color photographs.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series contains Sigma-Aldrich Corporation's Alphabetical Correspondence files, which were collected by Alfred Bader. These files concern a handful of subjects that were of interest to Bader and other Sigma-Aldrich executives.
Three files of correspondence concerning Alfred Bader's shareholder proposals to Sigma-Aldrich and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission are found in the Alphabetical Correspondence Files. Three files of correspondence with other chemical companies are also found in this sub-series. Two files of correspondence with universities, one of which regards Sigma-Aldrich's acquisition of the Robert Burns Woodward Research Sample Collection from Harvard University, are also present in the Alphabetical Correspondence Files. Two files of correspondence from chemists, including 1950 Nobel Prize winner Tadeus Reichstein, are preserved here as well.
The contents of the Alphabetical Correspondence Files consist mainly of letters. Small amounts of other miscellaneous materials, including, but not limited to, legal documents, article manuscripts, price lists, and photographs are preserved in these files as well.
Contains 1 color photograph and 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 2 black and white photographs.
Arranged chronologically by date, this sub-series consists of Sigma-Aldrich Corporation's Board of Directors Files, which were collected by Alfred Bader. These files mainly document the activities of Sigma-Aldrich's Board of Directors between 1976 and 1979 and provide some insight into decisions made by the board during that time period. The files also contain a limited amount of material regarding a few of Sigma-Aldrich' annual shareholders meetings, which were held in conjunction with the firm's Board of Directors meetings. Two files regarding the Board of Directors of Sigma-Aldrich's division Sigma Chemical Company from 1980 and 1981 are also preserved here.
The contents of the Board of Directors Files consist of a variety of materials. Memoranda, financial documents, minutes, and letters are the most common items found in these files. Small amounts of other miscellaneous materials, including, but not limited to, press releases, reports, meeting agendas, and legal documents are preserved here as well.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series contains Sigma-Aldrich Corporation's Financial Information Files, which were collected by Alfred Bader. These files mainly concern Sigma-Aldrich's financial activities and financial condition during the 1980s. The bulk of the information contained in this sub-series was publicly available at the time of its creation.
A majority of the materials in the Financial Information Files were created by entities not affiliated with Sigma-Aldrich, including investment firms, newspapers, and business periodicals. A smaller, but noticeable, amount of materials created by Sigma-Aldrich are also present in this sub-series. A single file containing information from Sigma-Aldrich predecessor Aldrich Chemical Company is also found here.
Financial research reports, press releases, newspaper articles, and magazine articles are the most common materials found in the Financial Information Files. Small amounts of other miscellaneous materials, including correspondence, prospectuses, and business periodicals are preserved here as well.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series contains Sigma-Aldrich Corporation's Subject Files, which were collected by Alfred Bader. These files concern subjects that were of interest to Bader and other Sigma-Aldrich executives. Subjects covered by these files include, but are not limited to, employee relations, awards presented by Sigma-Aldrich to employees and students, a proposed business acquisition, and a proposed product purchase.
The contents of the Subject Files consist of a variety of materials, including, but not limited to, correspondence, newsletter articles, financial documents, photographs, and an employee opinion survey.
Contains 3 black and white photographs.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series contains Sigma-Aldrich Corporation's Sigma-Aldrich Affair Files, which were collected by Alfred Bader. The files in this sub-series document Bader's 1992 ouster as Chairman Emeritus from Sigma-Aldrich's Board of Directors and the publicity accompanying it. They also provide some information regarding shareholder proposals submitted by Bader to the board after his dismissal.
Correspondence makes up the largest component of the Sigma-Aldrich Affair Files. Small amounts of other miscellaneous materials, including, but not limited to, photocopied magazine articles, photocopied newspaper articles, article manuscripts, legal documents, and notes are also preserved here.
This series contains Alfred Bader's Personal Files. The contents of the Personal Files are arranged into the following four sub-series:
- Personal Correspondence
- Education Files
- Lecture and Presentation Files
- Miscellaneous
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series contains Alfred Bader's Personal Correspondence files. The files in this sub-series primarily pertain to Bader's personal activities, including, but not limited to, his interest and research in art history, philanthropy, involvement in chemistry professional organizations, and his interest and investments in chemical companies besides Sigma-Aldrich. A very small amount of professional materials, which concern Bader's chemistry research at Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company and his ouster from Sigma-Aldrich's Board of Directors are also present here.
Files containing Bader's correspondence with chemists, colleges and universities, and chemical companies make up the largest components of the Personal Correspondence files. Small numbers of files containing Bader's correspondence with chemistry professional organizations, journalists, and charitable organizations are also present in this sub-series. Small numbers of files containing correspondence regarding subjects of personal interest to Bader, including the Cornelis Bega Painting "The Alchemist" (which was owned by Bader) and the publication and distribution of Bader's book Adventures of a Chemist Collector are also preserved here.
The contents of the Personal Correspondence files consist of a variety of materials. Letters make up a large majority of the materials in this sub-series. Small, but noticeable, amounts of emails, magazine articles, financial documents, legal documents, press releases, and notes are also found in these files. Small amounts of other miscellaneous materials, including, but not limited to, memoranda, article reprints, flyers, reports, and article manuscripts are preserved here as well.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series contains Alfred Bader's Education Files. These files provide limited documentation of Bader's graduate level education. The contents of this sub-series consist of a single file of cumulative exams taken by Bader at Harvard University, a bound copy of Bader's Ph.D. dissertation from Harvard University, and two bound copies of Bader's M.S. thesis from Queen's University.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series contains Alfred Bader's Lecture and Presentation Files. These files provide a limited amount of information regarding some of the lectures and presentations given by Bader between 1977 and 2003. Materials regarding Bader's lectures and presentations about art history make up the largest component of this sub-series. Small amounts of materials regarding Bader's lectures on a handful of other topics, including Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, liberal arts education, Austrian chemist Josef Loschmidt, and American chemist Robert Burns Woodward are also present here.
The contents of the Lecture and Presentation Files consist of a variety of materials. Flyers for Bader's lectures and presentations are the most common items in this sub-series. A few manuscripts of Bader's lectures and presentations are also present in these files. Small amounts of other miscellaneous materials, including programs, posters, press releases, and schedules are preserved here as well.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series contains Alfred Bader's Miscellaneous files. The files in this sub-series contain materials of a personal nature that were collected by Bader, but do not readily fit elsewhere in the Personal Files series. Materials pertaining to Bader himself, including awards and honorary doctorates he received and artwork of himself and his wife Isabel Bader make up the largest components of this sub-series. A few files concerning miscellaneous subjects that were of personal interest to Bader, including the Ignatz Lieben Prize (which Bader played a key role in reviving) and Polish-American chemist Roald Hoffman are also preserved here.
The contents of the Miscellaneous files consist of a variety of materials. Award certificates, diplomas, and watercolor and ink drawings are the most common items found in this sub-series. Smaller, but noticeable, amounts of book chapter manuscripts, paper manuscripts, and webpage printouts are also present in the Miscellaneous files. Small amounts of other miscellaneous materials, including, but not limited to, correspondence, brochures, and photographs are preserved here as well.
Contains 9 color photographs.
Arranged alphabetically by subject and chronologically by date, this series contains one Aldrich Chemical Company ledger and eight research notebooks kept by Alfred Bader.
The ledger was kept by Aldrich Chemical Company in 1959-1960. Its lists a few of the firm's customers and the chemicals they ordered.
The research notebooks were kept by Alfred Bader himself. They mainly document chemistry research conducted by Bader as a graduate student at Harvard University. A small amount of documentation regarding chemistry research conducted by Bader at Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company and Aldrich Chemical Company is also found in these notebooks. A very small amount of information regarding Bader's personal financial transactions and a few notes and graphs are found within the research notebooks as well.
This series contains printed materials collected by Alfred Bader. The contents of the Printed Materials are arranged into the following three sub-series:
- Sigma-Aldrich Printed Materials
- Miscellaneous Printed Materials
- Books
Arranged alphabetically by subject and chronologically by date, this sub-series contains Sigma-Aldrich printed materials, which were collected by Alfred Bader. It consists mainly of sales literature, employee relations materials, and investor relations materials. Small amounts of public relations, marketing, and customer reference materials are also present here. A few of the items in this sub-series feature images of artwork collected by Bader.
A majority of the printed materials in this sub-series were generated by Aldrich Chemical Company, the corporate predecessor co-founded by Alfred Bader, which merged with Sigma International, Limited and later became a division of Sigma-Aldrich. A large number of items printed by Sigma-Aldrich itself are also found in these files. A small number of printed items published by corporate predecessors Sigma Chemical Company and Sigma International, Limited (the entity which merged with Aldrich Chemical Company to form Sigma-Aldrich) are also present in this sub-series. Single items printed by Sigma-Aldrich subsidiaries Aldrich Chemical Company, Limited and Sigma-Aldrich Company, Limited are also preserved here.
The contents of the files in this sub-series consist of a variety of materials. Company newsletters, product catalogs, annual reports, and annual shareholder meeting notices are the most common items found in this sub-series. Smaller, but noticeable, amounts of quarterly reports, stock prospectuses, programs, and brochures are also found in the Sigma-Aldrich Printed Materials. Small amounts of other miscellaneous printed materials, including, but not limited to, press releases, product index sheets, a handbook, and a sales kit are preserved here as well.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this sub-series contains miscellaneous printed materials collected by Alfred Bader. The materials in this sub-series pertain to a variety of topics. Printed materials regarding universities (including Queen's University) and chemistry professional organizations (most notably the American Chemical Society) make up the largest components of this sub-series. Smaller, but noticeable, amounts of materials pertaining to a few of Bader's chemistry colleagues (including Herbert C. Brown), Eastman Kodak Company, Aldrich Chemical Company, and a few conferences and symposiums attended by Bader are also present in these files. Small amounts of files pertaining to other subjects of interest to Bader, including, but not limited to, chemistry journals, charities, and Sigma-Aldrich Corporation are also found here.
The contents of this sub-series consist of a variety of materials. Programs, newsletters, photocopied newspaper articles, and magazine articles are the most common items found in this sub-series. Smaller, but noticeable, amounts of publications, periodicals, and product catalogs are also present in these files. Small amounts of other miscellaneous printed materials, including, but not limited to, university bulletins, annual reports, and a lecture attendee packet are preserved here as well.
Arranged alphabetically, this sub-series contains the following three books collected by Alfred Bader: James B. Conant's The Chemistry of Organic Compounds, P.D. and the Bartlett Group at Harvard 1934-1974, and PPG Industries' Seventy-Five Years of Colorful History, PPG's Coatings and Resins Division.
This series contains miscellaneous oversized items collected by Alfred Bader. The contents of each individual box in this series are arranged alphabetically by material format. Most of the items in this series are either framed or rolled.
The Oversized series' contents consist of a variety of materials. Eight award certificates, four honorary doctorate diplomas, and four posters are found in this series. Two award plaques, Bader's Harvard University doctorate diploma, rolled photographs, and a photo collage of Robert Burns Woodward are also present here. Two rolled citations, a set of blueprints of Queen's University's Agnes Etherington Art Centre, and a name plate are preserved in this series as well.
Contains 9 black and white photographs.
Contains 2 sepia photographs.
Contains 12 blueprints.
Arranged alphabetically by format and alphabetically by subject, this series contains audio-visual and electronic storage materials collected by Alfred Bader. Its contents consist of one 3.5-inch floppy disk, two audiocassettes, one DVD, one reel to reel audiotape, and seven VHS videotapes.
The 3.5-inch floppy disk contains advertising layouts. The audiocassettes include an episode of Wisconsin Public's Radio's radio program To the Best of Our Knowledge. The DVD contains an episode of British Broadcasting Corporation's documentary Chemistry: A Volatile History. The reel-to-reel audiotape contains a recording of a 1974 American Chemical Society talk presented by Alfred Bader. The VHS videotapes include, but are not limited to, an Aldrich Chemical Company promotional recording and three recordings pertaining to American chemist Robert Burns Woodward.
Arranged alphabetically by subject, this series contains photographic materials collected by Alfred Bader. Images of chemists make up the largest component of this series, many of which were published in Aldrich Chemical Company's journal Aldrichimica Acta. A smaller, but noticeable, number of images of Alfred Bader himself are also found in this series. A photo album containing images of an unidentified function in the United Kingdom attended by Bader is also present here. Small numbers of images of other miscellaneous subjects, including, but not limited to, Aldrich Chemical Company and Sigma-Aldrich Corporation staff, artwork, and miscellaneous people are preserved in this series as well.
The contents of the Images files consist a variety of photographic materials. Black and white photographs are the most common items found in this series. A smaller, but noticeable, number of color photographs are also present in these files. Small amounts of other miscellaneous photographic materials, including black and white negatives, black and white slides, black and white transparencies, black and white photo reproductions, and color photo reproductions are preserved in this series as well.
Note - Item level cataloging may be available, consult Image Archives.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 6 black and white slides.
Contains 2 black and white photographs.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 3 color photographs.
Contains 49 color photographs.
Contains 2 black and white photographs.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 2 black and white photographs.
Contains 1 color photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 color photograph.
Contains 1 color photograph.
Contains 1 color photograph.
Contains 1 color photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph and 1 color photograph.
Contains 3 black and white photographs, 4 black and white transparencies, and 5 black and white negatives.
Contains 1 color photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 8 black and white photographs, 2 black and white negatives, and 1 black and white slide.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph and 1 black and white photo reproduction.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 2 black and white photographs.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 31 color photo reproductions.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 2 black and white photographs.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph, 1 color photograph, and 1 black and white negative.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 2 color photographs and 1 black and white photographs.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 color photograph.
Contains 1 color photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 6 black and white 35 millimeter negative strips.
Contains 11 black and white photographs, 1 color photograph, and 1 black and white negative.
Contains 1 color photograph.
Contains 1 color photograph, 1 black and white photograph, and 1 black and white negative.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 black and white photograph.
Contains 1 color photograph.