Main content
McCaddon Collection of the Barnum and Bailey Circus
Notifications
Held at: Princeton University Library: Manuscripts Division [Contact Us]
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the Princeton University Library: Manuscripts Division. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
Overview and metadata sections
Joseph T. McCaddon was born on January 31, 1859, in Beverly, Washington County, Ohio. McCaddon began his career with the circus as manager of the Adam Forepaugh Circus. Later, as James A. Bailey's brother-in-law and business manager of the Barnum and Bailey Circus, he represented Bailey in many business matters, including correspondence with William F. Cody ("Buffalo Bill") regarding the acquisition of his Wild West Show.
[1824] John Robinson Circus formed 1867 Adam Forepaugh Circus formed 1871 P. T. Barnum begins "P.T. Barnum's Museum, Menagerie, & Circus" in Brooklyn, N.Y. 1873 James A. Bailey buys interest in Hemmings and Cooper's Circus from James E. Cooper, changes name to Cooper and Bailey Circus. 1875 Sells Bros. Circus formed 1879-80 Bailey, along with Cooper and James L. Hutchinson, purchases show owned by Seth B. Howes, forming Howes' Great London Circus and Sanger's Royal British Menagerie and Cooper & Bailey's International Allied Shows 1881 Cooper retires; Bailey and Hutchinson form partnership with Barnum, creating the Barnum and London Circus. 1883 Buffalo Bill's Wild West founded 1884 The Ringling Brothers establish their circus. 1885 Bailey sells his interest in the circus to Cooper and W. W. Cole. 1888 Barnum and Bailey begin sole partnership, forming the "Barnum and Bailey Circus." 1890 Bailey and Cooper buy Adam Forepaugh Circus. 1891 Barnum dies; Bailey assumes full ownership of Barnum and Bailey Circus. 1894 Bailey buys a controlling interest in Buffalo Bill's Wild West. 1896 Bailey joins with W. W. Cole and two of the Sells Brothers; Sells Bros. Circus becomes Adam Forepaugh and Sells Bros. Circus 1897-1902 5-year Barnum and Bailey European Tour. Ringling Bros. Circus becomes dominant American Circus. 1898 Ringling Bros. begin to lease John Robinson Circus. 1905 Bailey acquires full ownership of Adam Forepaugh and Sells Bros. Circus, sells half interest in it to the Ringling Bros. 1906 Bailey dies; Ringling Brothers buy remaining share of Forepaugh-Sells Circus from Bailey's widow. 1907 Ringling Brothers purchase "Barnum and Bailey Circus" (shows remain separate). 1919 "Ringling Brothers Circus" combined with "Barnum and Bailey Circus" to create "Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus" 1929 Ringling Brothers purchase American Circus (which consisted of Sells-Floto, Al G. Barnes, Sparks, Hagenbeck-Wallace, and John Robinson Circuses). 1956 Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus gives last big top performance. 1957 Irvin Feld purchases "Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus" and transforms it into an indoor show.
Consists of the working papers of the Barnum and Bailey partnership prior to its merger with Ringling Bros. in 1907. In addition to correspondence, scrapbooks, posters, couriers, parade, costume and wagon designs, music, and memorabilia collected by Joseph T. McCaddon, who was the business manager of the circus at the turn of the century, there are hundreds of photographs documenting the American circus of the 19th and 20th centuries.
The McCaddon Collection of the Barnum and Bailey Circus contains harmful and offensive descriptions of people that includes racist, colonialist, ableist, and otherwise dehumanizing language. Some of the description is original to the donor and/or the creator, and in these instances of creator- and donor-supplied titles, description may be retained to convey contextual/historical information of the materials. However, the collection is a candidate for ongoing reparative description work that can address cases in which a librarian or archivist may have supplied harmful descriptive language. We hope that researchers will engage in a dialogue with staff about issues in the collection and changes that could help.
The collection was a gift to the Library by the McCaddon family in 1941. Additions were purchased at auction in July 1978.
The glass-plate negatives require special handling in the reading room.
This collection was processed by Melanie Papasian, Princeton Class of 2003 and Rachel Jordan in 2002 and 2004 . Finding aid written by Melanie Papasian, Princeton Class of 2003 and Rachel Jordan in 2002 and 2004.
The existence of harmful language was noted in collection- and series-level descriptive notes by Amy C. Vo and Phoebe Nobles in 2022 as an initial step for reparative description-related work.
In 2022, restrictions on glass-plate negatives were lifted as part of a restrictions review project.
No appraisal information is available.
Organization
Subject
- Circus -- United States -- History -- Sources
- Circus -- United States -- Photographs
- Circus animals -- United States
- Circus owners -- United States
- Circus performers -- United States
- Circus performers -- United States -- Costume
- Circus trains -- United States
- Circus wagons -- United States
- Costume designers -- United States -- Drawings
- Publisher
- Manuscripts Division
- Finding Aid Author
- Melanie Papasian, Princeton Class of 2003; Rachel Jordan
- Finding Aid Date
- 2002
- Access Restrictions
-
Collection is open for research use.
- Use Restrictions
-
Single copies may be made for research purposes. No further duplication of copies of material in the collection can be made when Princeton University Library does not own the original. Inquiries regarding publishing material from the collection should be directed to Special Collections Public Services staff through the Ask Us! form. The library has no information on the status of literary rights in the collection and researchers are responsible for determining any questions of copyright.
Collection Inventory
Consists of photographs of exotica, performers, animal acts, "freaks," and equipment used by the circus.
Arranged by subject of photograph.
Many of the photographs in this series contain dehumanizing and harmful descriptions using racist, colonialist, and ableist language. In the majority of cases, the descriptions of people have been transcribed from the photographs themselves. Some of the photographs have been stamped with titles (likely by the original photographic studio); other titles are handwritten. In cases where photographs have no title, descriptions derive from a typewritten inventory of the collection that may have been provided by the donor, or may have been created by an archivist.
Physical Description16 boxes
4 boxes
4 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
#24 shows Kandyan dancers in "Jes" ritual clothing.
Physical Description6 items
See nos. 37, 38, 67-71.
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See nos. 28, 29, 67-71.
Physical Description2 items
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
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1 item
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1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
See nos. 48-64 for other photos of same.
Physical Description1 item
1 item
See nos. 28, 29, 37, 38.
Physical Description4 items
See nos. 28, 29, 37, 38.
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
2 items
2 items
5 items
2 items
2 items
1 item
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1 item
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1 item
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1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
18 items
[123 missing 6/04]
Physical Description80 items
2 items
3 boxes
1 item
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1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
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1 item
1 item
See no. 151.
Physical Description1 item
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1 item
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1 item
1 item
See Box 9.
Physical Description1 item
1 item
3 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See no. 157.
Physical Description1 item
1 item
See no. 23.
Physical Description1 item
[missing 1/85]
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1 item
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1 item
1 item
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1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
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1 item
1 item
[missing 1/85]
Physical Description1 item
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1 item
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1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
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1 item
1 item
1 item
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1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See no. 52.
Physical Description1 item
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2 items
1 item
2 items
1 item
2 items
See no. 24.
Physical Description1 item
1 item
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1 item
1 item
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1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
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1 item
See No. 86
Physical Description3 items
1 item
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1 item
See no. 23&28.
Physical Description1 item
3 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See no. 89.
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
4 items
1 item
See no. 17.
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See no. 36
Physical Description1 item
1 item
See no. 150
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
8 items
3 boxes
See no. 28
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
4 items
3 items
2 items
1 item
See Box II, no. 143.
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See no. 1
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See no. 5.
Physical Description1 item
1 item
See no. 2
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See nos. 30 & 35
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
2 items
3 items
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See nos. 30, 35, 38
Physical Description1 item
1 item
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1 item
3 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See no. 91
Physical Description1 item
1 item
4 items
1 item
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2 items
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1 item
See no. 79.
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See Box 4.
Physical Description2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See no. 40
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
2 boxes
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See Box 3, no. 93
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
See no. 42 for identif
Physical Description3 items
3 items
See Box 1, nos. 54, 55.
Physical Description2 items
[missing 1/85]
Physical Description1 item
See Box 9, no. 101.
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
3 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See nos. 20-22
Physical Description1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See Tuftonian article in special box
Physical Description2 items
See no. 66
Physical Description1 item
1 item
2 boxes
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
3 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
See no. 27
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See no. 24
Physical Description1 item
See no. 24
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
See no. 21
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
See no. 15
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
3 items
2 items
See no. 63
Physical Description2 items
1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
3 items
1 item
1 item
2 items
See nos. 40, 41
Physical Description1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
4 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See no. 86?
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
Mrs. Chauncey Morlan (Born Annie Bell, see no. 82?)
Physical Description1 item
1 item
3 items
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
3 items
2 items
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
See Box 4
Physical Description1 item
1 item
See no. 134
Physical Description2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
See nos. 119, 120
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
3 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 boxes
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
4 items
1 item
1 item
2 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
3 items
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
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1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
2 items
2 items
4 items
2 items
[missing, 7/04]
Physical Description1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 box
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
1 item
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Consists of 25 scrapbooks on James A. Bailey, Barnum and Bailey vs. Sells Bros. Opposition, and European Tour, as well as others.
Arranged numerically.
Some of the scrapbooks contain photographic prints which have been described with racist, colonialist, ableist, and dehumanizing language. In cases where scrapbook photographs are not captioned, descriptions in the finding aid derive from a typewritten inventory of the collection that may have been provided by the donor, or may have been created by an archivist.
Physical Description25 boxes
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
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1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
[missing 6/04]
Physical Description1 box
1 box
1 box
1 box
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