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Thomas D. Bowes M.E., Associates records
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Held at: Independence Seaport Museum, J. Welles Henderson Archives and Library [Contact Us]Penn's Landing on the Delaware River, 211 South Columbus Blvd. and Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19106
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the Independence Seaport Museum, J. Welles Henderson Archives and Library. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
Overview and metadata sections
In 1905, Thomas D. Bowes (1883-1965) founded the naval architecture firm of Thomas D. Bowes, M.E., Associates Inc. From 1905 to 1965, the Bowes firm functioned as part of a large network of ship design and building companies along Philadelphia’s Delaware River waterfront, that included the John H. Mathis Company and RTC Shipbuilding Company. Bowes designed over eighty tugboats, several of Philadelphia’s fireboats and over 300 commuter and houseboat yachts. He also designed and patented the Bowes Drive, an electric device for the reduction of speed between the engine and drive shafts in marine installations. Overall, “Tugboat Tom,” as he was more familiarly known, designed over 800 vessels.
Born in 1883, Bowes was the son of Thomas D. Bowes Sr., a successful real estate investor from Ireland, and Margaret Regina Burke Bowes. He spent the summers of his youth with his family in Cape May or Atlantic City, New Jersey on the water or fixing his sailboat. Even with the family’s summers spent seaside, his father did not like the seafaring lifestyle and encouraged his son to become a lawyer or bishop, to which Bowes replied: “I have neither the brains for law nor the goodness for religion. I will be what I have to be.” Deciding to teach his son a lesson, Bowes’ father sent him as a teenager, during summer vacations, on square-riggers around the Horn of South America. Once the ships returned to their ports, Bowes returned to classes at Central Manual Training School in Philadelphia, a public high school. By the time he graduated from high school in 1901 and entered Cornell University, Bowes had earned the rank of second mate.
At Cornell, Bowes earned degrees in both mechanical engineering and naval architecture. He competed on the track team, participated in R.O.T.C. and joined Sigma Nu, the national engineering fraternity. He also qualified for an engineer’s license to operate steam vessels.
After graduating from Cornell in 1905, Bowes worked as a technical staff member for New York Shipbuilding Company in Camden, New Jersey. However, wanting to actually design ships instead of simply calculating measures for them, he left New York Shipbuilding to become a technical consultant for smaller, local shipyards and old naval firms in Philadelphia. During this time, Bowes became a specialist in compressing maximum power and utility into minimum hull space since his clients mainly built compact crafts. He also started designing cruisers and luxurious sailing yachts for Philadelphia and New York yacht clubs and their elite members.
Upon the United States entrance into World War I, the United States government asked Bowes to supervise the production of "21-knot submarine chasers" in several hundred Atlantic Coast shipyards. He also helped to design an American version of Rudolf Diesel’s oil engine so that American ships could complete with the diesel-fueled German U-boats. In addition, he served on the advisory committees of the United States Council of National Defense and the Anti-Submarine Warfare Committee of the United States Naval Consulting Board. During World War II, Bowes designed minesweepers and submarine chasers for the United States Navy.
After World War I, Bowes designed diesel yachts for wealthy men, including the 91.5’ Lenore II for Sewell L. Avery, the President of Montgomery Ward, Director of U.S. Steel and President of U.S. Gypsum. Finished in 1931, Avery loaned his yacht to the United States Coast Guard as a patrol vessel during World War II. The United States Navy took her in 1945 and furnished her in 1948 as an escort and stand-in for the White House yacht Williamsburg during President Truman’s years in office. When President Eisenhower came into office, he refurbished and rechristened the Lenore II as Barbara Ann, after his granddaughter, and made the yacht the Presidential yacht. Likewise, President Kennedy renamed the yacht Honey Fitz for his grandfather during his time in office.
Bowes was a recognized leader in the commercial vessel design industry. Many of the tugboats he designed are still in use today, in 2010. In addition to being a businessman, Bowes was a member of the Corinthian Yacht Club of Philadelphia, for which he designed a 23’ 9” Class “A” sloop.
At home in Bala Cynwyd, Bowes and his wife Cecelia raised their family: one son, T.D., who became a Sun Oil engineer, and two daughters. Upon his death in 1965 at the age of 82, the firm closed.
This collection houses the business records and design plans of the naval architecture firm of Thomas D. Bowes, M.E., Associates, Inc. Bowes designed vessels of all sizes, from small sail boats to 300 foot barges; and for all purposes, receiving contracts for leisure, business and military vessels. The design plans and measured drawings contained in this collection reflect this diversity, and are a testament to Bowes’ impressive knowledge of naval engineering. As a result, researchers interested in designs by Bowes, or in shipbuilding generally, will find this collection to be of particular value. Bowes’ business records, though considerably less copious in number than the design plans, also contain useful information, evidencing aspects of the business of ship design and shipbuilding. There is also a small sample of Bowes' personal papers.
There are four series in this collection: “Business records,” “Personal papers,” “Design Plan records” and “Measured drawings.”
Gifts of Roger Allen and Carol Burkert, 1984, 1997.
The processing of this collection was made possible through generous funding from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, administered through the Council on Library and Information Resources’ “Cataloging Hidden Special Collections and Archives” Project.
This collection was minimally processed in 2009-2011, as part of an experimental project conducted under the auspices of the Philadelphia Area Consortium of Special Collections Libraries to help eliminate processing backlog in Philadelphia repositories. A minimally processed collection is one processed at a less intensive rate than traditionally thought necessary to make a collection ready for use by researchers. When citing sources from this collection, researchers are advised to defer to folder titles provided in the finding aid rather than those provided on the physical folder.
Employing processing strategies outlined in Mark Greene's and Dennis Meissner's 2005 article, More Product, Less Process: Revamping Traditional Processing Approaches to Deal With Late 20th-Century Collections, the project team tested the limits of minimal processing on collections of all types and ages, in 23 Philadelphia area repositories. A primary goal of the project, the team processed at an average rate of 2-3 hours per linear foot of records, a fraction of the time ordinarily reserved for the arrangement and description of collections. Among other time saving strategies, the project team did not extensively review the content of the collections, replace acidic folders or complete any preservation work.
Organization
Subject
- Publisher
- Independence Seaport Museum, J. Welles Henderson Archives and Library
- Finding Aid Author
- Finding aid prepared by Forrest Wright and Megan Good
- Sponsor
- The processing of this collection was made possible through generous funding from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, administered through the Council on Library and Information Resources’ “Cataloging Hidden Special Collections and Archives” Project.
- Access Restrictions
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This collection is open for research use.
- Use Restrictions
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Copyright restrictions may apply. Please contact the J. Welles Henderson Archives and Library with requests for copying and for authorization to publish, quote or reproduce the material.
Collection Inventory
The “Business records” series evidences some of the day-to-day activity of the business of running a naval architecture design firm. There is correspondence, contracts, notes, patent application information and other records, dating from 1904 to 1970. The series is divided into five subseries: “General files,” “Patents,” “Printed Materials,” “Photographs” and “Indexes.”
The “General files” subseries houses correspondence and subject files, containing contracts, product information and various other administrative records pertaining to the day-to-day work of Bowes. It is arranged alphabetically by subject or record type. In particular, there are files related to the development and functionality of the Bowes Drive, as well as information pertaining to licensing contracts with firms who built Bowes Drives, such as the Elliott Company. Other companies that worked with Bowes in similar capacities represented here include the Cooper-Bessemer Corporation and Fielder-Sellers Corporation. There is also a fair amount of information pertaining to the Corinthian Yacht Club of Philadelphia, of which Bowes was a member and for which he designed a yacht. Researchers should note that while there are a fair amount of records here, this is not a complete corporate archive. The documentation for most topics is sporadic, and some topics are better represented than others.
The “Patents” subseries contains both original and reproductions of patents awarded to Bowes for various naval inventions, including the well-known “Bowes Drive.” This subseries also includes correspondence about patents and copies of patents by other inventors. Researchers should note that the "Patents" subseries is maintained in strict chronological order, resulting in correspondence and other related records on a given patent or topic to be filed throughout the subseries. For example, there are numerous files of correspondence with the law firm Denny and Denny regarding British and Canadian patents found throughout the subseries. Please review the entire folder list prior to beginning research.
The “Printed Materials” subseries contains brochures, catalogs and promotional materials on various naval topics that were collected by Bowes. Some of the publications relate to Bowes inventions.
The “Photographs” subseries houses a small group of images of boats designed by Bowes, including several tugs and sailboats.
The “Indexes” subseries contains a card catalog for all of Bowes’ known design plans, as well as a bound reference file of Bowes design numbers 435-874 and job orders 101-510.
For more information, please review the box and folder list provided below.
The ten volumes in "Printed Materials" are located on a shelf alongside the Bowes collection in the vault.
Publications in this folder include: American Society of Civil Engineers, Society of Naval Architects, Maritime Reporter, Marine Dealer, Business Week, Marine Engineering Log, and Society of Small Craft Designers.
The copies include 1951: May, July, August, September, and November; 1952 July,; and 1953: May, June.
Photographs of boats include Timothy B. O'Connell, Rio Dauro, The Lark, a Danish Trawler, Kiboko, The Gretchen, Natchez, Maryland Fisheries Patrol boats, B and O Tugs, Elias D. Knight and The Barnes-Duluth Barges.
This file is located between Box 17 and Box 18.
Oversize 96 is located in the Curatorial department, accession numbers 84.10.1-84.10.5. Another oversize photograph is located in 1/4 drawer, accession number 84.10.6. Oversize photographs 100 and 101 is located in the vault next to the bound volumes.
The card catalog can be found in the vault with the archival records.
The “Personal Papers” series contains materials related to Bowes’ personal life. Spanning from 1910 to 1980, materials include family photographs, college materials and personal correspondence. Roughly half of this series is comprised of photographs of Bowes, his wife Cecilia and their children.
The oversize photograph can be found in the vault.
This photograph is in oversize manuscript 1/4 drawer, accession number 86.88.1-86.88.6
The “Design Plan records” series contains sketches and related material for hundreds of Bowes designs, covering the years 1910 to 1962. The series includes design plans and job orders arranged numerically, spanning from Job Order 159: Drive and steam engines to Job Order 502: Jersey Central truck ferry; and Design Number 435: Ledger book to Design Number 876: 6000 GPM ice-breaking fire boat (Chicago and Detroit). The series is arranged into job order, a number assigned to an order for construction of a ship for a specific company; design number, the number attached to the design of a ship or hull number--the identification number given to a boat or ship. The majority of records in this series are from Bowes’ later designs, specifically from design number 800 onwards. Most files in this series include original design plans by Bowes, as well as notes, correspondence and item lists related to the particular design. The end of the series includes records related to a few dozen Bowes designs that could not be identified numerically.
The “Measured Drawings” series contains thousands of measured drawings of Bowes’ designs. The plans are arranged by design number and job number, with a few dozen unnumbered drawings at the end. The measured drawings represent a wide range of naval vessels designed by Bowes, including leisure vessels, tug boats, cargo ships, gunboats, fireboats, cruisers and others. The measured drawings include a variety of types of drawings, from working plans for individual parts of ships to entire ship designs. Given the large number of plans available for many designs, one could probably use the plans here to reconstruct a Bowes' design.
The series dates from 1905 to 1962. There are original drawings, blueprints and reproduced copies of measured drawings. The design numbers represented span from 14 to 878, however there are several large gaps between design numbers 14 to 49, 49 to 100, 278 to 381 and 381 to 435. The job orders drawings are numbered from 131 to 510. At the end of the series there are also several dozen unnumbered measured drawings.
Researchers should note that each design number or job order number entry in the list below identifies the number and types of plans available. Plan types are identified with a letter code as follows:
C = construction plan; D = deck plan; G = general arrangement plan; I = inboard profile; LO = lines and offsets; H = hold plan; M = miscellaneous (unlisted types of plans); MS = midship section; O = offsets (or laying down tables); P = outboard profile; R = rigging; and S = sail plans.
This design plan is not currently in the collection. Please consult the archivist for another possible location.
The oversize measured drawing can be found next to in the Restricted Access stacks next to the boxes containing measured drawings.
This design plan was not found in collection, please consult archivist on possible location.
This design plan was not found in collection, please consult archivist on possible location.