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Taylor Family papers
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Held at: Haverford College Quaker & Special Collections [Contact Us]370 Lancaster Ave, Haverford, PA 19041
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the Haverford College Quaker & Special Collections. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
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Joseph Wright Taylor (1810-1880) was the son of Quakers, Edward Taylor, M.D. and Sarah Merritt Taylor. He received a medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1830 with a thesis on opium. He lived and practiced briefly in Germantown, Pa. In 1831, he served as a doctor aboard a trading vessel going to Calcutta, India. After his return to the U.S., he joined his two brothers in Cincinnati, OH in a tannery business, and having made a success in the business, retired to Burlington, N. J. In 1854, he was invited to the Board of Managers of Haverford College and began to work on behalf of Quaker education, eventually helping to establish Bryn Mawr College.
These papers give a picture of the social, business, religious, and emotional relationships of two closely connected Quaker families, the Taylors and the Shoemakers, beginning in Burlington, N.J., and Philadelphia in the early 19th Century and extending westward, as Abraham Merritt Taylor (1799-1873) went to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1825, founded a tanning business there, and eventually brought his friend Isaac Shoemaker and his brothers, Dr. Joseph W. Taylor and Jacob M. Taylor, to Cincinnati and took them into partnership. The business grew until it had branches in several mid-western cities. For the next 25 years, both the families had ties in both the mid-West and the Philadelphia area. In 1851, the partnership was dissolved, and Dr. Joseph Taylor returned to the East; he was followed, a few years later, by his brothers, who settled near him in Burlington, N.J.
The westward expansion of the 1840s, `50s, and `60's is reflected in these papers in the letters of various members of the families who traveled to Colorado and California for their health, and nephew Walter Hinchman's letters, telling of the surveying of the route for the Acheson, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad. Sheep-raising in Illinois, the 1849 gold rush to California, Indigenous American raids, ranch life, and conditions in the growing metropolis of San Francisco are touched on.
The Civil War years bring us the correspondence of the Contraband Relief Commission, of which Abraham Taylor was Chairman and Isaac Shoemaker was an active member, an organization that provided relief for individuals who escaped slavery to Union territory during the war (who were referred to as "contraband"). This period also brings us the correspondence of the American Freedmen's Aid Commission, with which they were concerned, as well as many scattered paragraphs in letters from members of the Taylor family in Burlington to Joseph Wright Taylor, who was in England at the outbreak of the War. This material reflects these Friends' concern for peace and for the liberation and welfare of African Americans in the South.
A number of letters in the late 1870s, addressed to Dr. Joseph W. Taylor, from contractors, civil engineers, educators, and others, concern his preparations for the founding of Bryn Mawr College. The collection also includes his travel diaries, 1849 and 1861-62, and a notebook of notes on Dr. Chapman's lectures in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School, 1829.
Chief correspondents in the collection are Charles H. Shoemaker, Isaac Shoemaker, Abraham Merritt Taylor, Elizabeth Robeson (Shoemaker) Taylor, his wife, Hannah Taylor, his sister, Dr. Joseph Wright Taylor, and Thomas Wistar Jr. (The latter took a very personal interest in defending members of the Taylor family, especially Abraham and Elizabeth, in the lawsuit brought against them by Morgan Hinchman, husband of Margaretta (Shoemaker) Hinchman, for having had him certified as insane and committed to the Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Pa., in 1847.)
This collection is closely related to the Allinson Family Papers (Coll. no. 968)
A subsidiary collection, 962-A, which follows the main collection, consists of genealogical material on the Taylor, Shoemaker, and Allinson families.
People
Organization
Subject
- Publisher
- Haverford College Quaker & Special Collections
- Access Restrictions
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The collection is open to research use.
- Use Restrictions
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Standard Federal Copyright Law apply (U.S. Title 17)
Collection Inventory
Aaron, Samuel, -1865. Letter to Abraham M. Taylor, Allentown, N.J. Burlington, N.J.,
April 13, 1825. Sept. 1, 1865. Nov. 9, 1912.
[Reference to "taking gas" - dental?; gives news of family and friends]
Note: Also filed here: Testimonial appeal, after Samuel Aaron's death, for contributions to help his family. Signed by four of his friends. Mount Holly, N.J., Also, note from Charles S. Taylor, son of Abraham, about Samuel Aaron.
Alderson, Anna Mary Letter to "Uncle Joseph" Taylor [abroad] The Cedars,1mo. 26, 1862.
[Comments on Civil War events]
Alderson, Eleanor. Letter to "Aunt Hannah." Wynndown, Jan. 25 [1880]
[Condolences on death of Dr. Jos. W. Taylor]
Allen, John (English Friend) 1790-1859. ----- 2 letters to Abraham Taylor, Cincinnati, Ohio. Phil., Pa., and Ipswich [Eng.] 1846-1849. [Letter of 1849 congratulates him on his marriage] ----- 12 letters to Joseph W. Taylor. Liskeard, Bristol, [Torquay], and London, 1849-1858. [Letter of 8mo. 4, 1851, speaks of Jos. Taylor's moving from Cincinnati to Burlington, N.J.]
Also filed here: Engraving of Liskeard, home of John Allen.
Allinson, Margaret, 1781-1857. 2 letters to Abraham Taylor, New York and Cincinnati. Burlington, 1825-1827. [Letter of 12mo. 2, 1827, describes conflict in Meeting over Separation of 1827-28]
Note: Also filed here: Note from Charles S. Taylor about Margaret Allinson, Nov. 9, 1912.
Allinson, Samuel, 1808-1883.
3 letters to Joseph W. Taylor. Locust Hill, 1874-1879.
* [Letter of 8 mo. 3, 1878 (ADDITION) expresses sympathy about the severe illness of one of J.W.T.'s relatives (probably sister Hannah)]
[Letter of 1874 returns to Jos. W. Taylor edited manuscript of memorial to brother Wm. J. Allinson, which is to appear in the Christian Worker]
1 letter to James Taylor. Yardville, 1mo. 19, 1880.
Allinson, William J[ames] 1810-1874. Love letter to Rebecca W. Hinchman. Burlington, 2mo. 9, 1839. 9 items Certificate of clearness from Burlington M.M., for W. J. Allinson to marry member of Abington M.M., 7mo. 1, 1839. * Copy of a long poem, "Divers Gifts. A rhyme for the times," about doctrinal differences among Friends. Inscribed, "Copied for William Allinson."
Additions: 2 letters to "Dear Sister," 5mo. 11, 1855-1mo. 14, 1868. [Gives news of self, family, and friends] Also, letter, unsigned, undated, addressed to ["My dr brother," (probably 1861) which discusses Civil War, criticizes Gen. McClellan, mentions speech by a man named Train "to a large secret meeting of Irishmen in London," in connection with British hostility to American Govt. policies. [Filed here because writing, style, and context indicate him as author]
Andrews, Jennie W. 2 letters to Charles S. Taylor. Cincinnati, (with envelope) 1862-63.
Archer, Ellis 11 letters to Isaac Shoemaker, Cincinnati, Ohio,+amp; Vicksburg, Miss. New York, 1846-1867.
Note: Also filed here: photograph of Ellis Archer.
Backhouse, J H Letter to [Jos. W.] Taylor. [London] Nov. 24.
Barclay, E. Letter to [Jos. W.] Taylor. [London] 12mo. 10.
Bartlett, Robbins and Co. Letter to [Jos. W.] Taylor Baltimore, 5mo. 29, 1879.
[Agrees to install heating system for Bryn Mawr College]
Bean, Joel Letter to Abraham M. Taylor. West Branch, Iowa, 7mo. 1, 1863.
[Discusses questionable conduct of Henry Rowntree]
Bell, Thomas A. 2 letters to Charles S. Taylor, Haverford College, Delaware Co., Pa. Experiment Mills, 10mo. 8, 1867 - 1mo. 1, 1868.
Note: [1867 letter encloses photograph of self]
Bettle, Edward, 1841-1912. Letter to J. W. Taylor, Letter to Charles S. Taylor. Phil., 2mo. 22, 1878, 4mo. 7, 1880, 2 items.
[concerning healthful climate of Bryn Mawr as location for a college (1878); soliciting funds for Haverford College 1880]
Bettle, Samuel, 1775-1861. Letter to [Hannah Taylor?] West Hill, 12mo. 14, 1861.
Bewley, Samuel. 2 letters to Jos. W. Taylor, 1864-67.
Biggs, Thomas J. Letter to Abraham M. Taylor, Aug. 22, 1857.
[condoling on death of child [Margaret Wood Taylor]
Bonsall, Elizabeth Copy of agreement of
[6 Friends agree to buy a house and lot and maintain it as a home for her and her children]
Braithwaite, J[oseph] Bevan, 1808-1905. (Folder 1, 1862-1876) 10 items (with 8 typewritten transcripts)
Braithwaite, J[oseph] Bevan, (Folder 2, 1877) 3 items (with transcripts)
Braithwaite, J[oseph] Bevan, (Folder 3, 1878) 8 items (with 5 transcripts)
Braithwaite, J[oseph] Bevan, (Folder 4, 1878-1880). 9 items (8 transcripts)
Braithwaite, Martha Gillett (married to J.B.B.) Note: Typed summary of letters, also filed here. 8 items.
Branson, B. Russell Letter to Margaret Taylor MacIntosh, Nov. 16, 1970. Haverford, Pa. Greensboro, N.C., (Gift, Dec. 10, 1970)
[Concerns bequest made by Jos. W. Taylor to North Carolina Yearly Meeting, in 1881, and way in which it has been used]
Buckley, H A Letter to Elizabeth Shoemaker. [Phil.? n.d.] [Invites to stay with her and her mother at time of Yearly Meeting]
Bullus, John to cousin, Abraham M. Taylor, 1829-1833. 3 items
Burlington Exchange and Board of Trade. Letter to Jos. W. Taylor, Dec. 15, 1874 [thanking him for offer of use of rooms in Carey House]
Business papers: 1833-1880. ca. 12 miscellaneous items
Canfield, D.W. 5 letters to cousin, Elizabeth R. Shoemaker, Phil. Morris Town, 1827-1841.
Champion, Rebecca L Letter to "Cousin Hannah." Brooklyn, 1mo. 29, 1880. [Condolence on loss of Hannah's brother, Jos. W. Taylor]
Chase, Thomas, 1827-1892. Letter to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor. Haverford College, 5mo. 11, 1875.
Cheston, Galloway Letter to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor. Baltimore, Jan. 28, 1874.
Cincinnati House of Refuge.
2 items:
A. (Jan., 1865) Petition from the Directors of the Cincinnati House of Refuge to the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, asking exemption from water tax. Cincinnati, (Copy).
B. (1864) Letter to General Assembly of State of Ohio and the City Council of Cincinnati, accompanying the 14th Annual Report of the Board of Directors of the House of Refuge, and explaining increased expenditures.
Clarke, Julia K Letter to "H. Taylor". [p.m. Nashville, Tenn., May, 1864(?)]
Coates, Joseph H. Letter to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor, Burlington, N.J. Phil., March 11, 1879. [States terms for renting of house and land from J.W.T.]
Coffin, C T Letter to Daniel Hill, Cincinnati, Ohio. Richmond, Ind., 7mo. 11, 1865.
Colloday, Joseph O 2 letters to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor. Phil., June 7 - July 21, 1879. [Concern repairs to house in Bryn Mawr, damaged by fire]
Conard, Lydia C[righer] ca.1840-1913. Letter to sister, Rebecca Crigher, Phil. West Grove, Pa., 5mo. 28, 1866.
[Tells of celebration of a wooden wedding anniversary]
Bond certificate for $500. (not filled in)
Contraband Relief Commission. (Folder 1 - Henry Rowntree)
A. Note from Charles S. Taylor, Nov. 13, 1912,[about the Commission and Abraham M. Taylor's connection with it]
B. 36 letters to Abraham M. Taylor, pres. of Commission, and his associates, from Henry Rowntree, in charge of its work of establishing and running camps for individuals who escaped or emancipated themselves from slavery, on islands in the Mississippi River. 3mo. 22 - 9mo. 30, 1863. 7mo. 1, 1863.[Letters to Abraham Taylor, from Springdale, Iowa, 7mo. 21 - 8mo. 12, 1863, tell of Henry Rowntree's examination on charges of misconduct described in Joel Bean's letter to A. M. Taylor]
Note: See Box 1, No. 14
Contraband Relief Commission. (Folder 2 - Henry Rowntree) 31 items; 10mo. 6, 1863 - 4mo. 28, 1864.
Contraband Relief Commission. (Folder 3 - Miscellaneous) 1863-1864. 34 items
[Include addition: Letter from Abraham M. Taylor, authorizing Isaac Shoemaker, member of the Commission to investigate its affairs at Vicksburg, etc., and make changes he sees fit. Cincinnati, Jan. 26, 1864.]
Contraband Relief Commission. (Folder 4 - Freedmen's Aid Association) 1863-66. 13 items.
[Correspondence of Abraham Taylor and Isaac Shoemaker with American Freedmen's Aid Comm.; Constitution of Comm.; appeal, 1863, of Soc. of Friends on behalf of Fugitives from Slavery in America]
Note: See also, Evans, George, #31
Contraband Relief Commission, cont. (Folder 5) - Memphis Colored Orphan Asylum. 1864-65. 10 items.
[Correspondence between its founders and Abraham M. Taylor; Constitution, and printed list of misdemeanors and penalties]
Cooper, John B. Letter to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor. Phil., 7mo. 2, 1879.
[Recommends George Otis as a workman]
Cope, Charles S[hoemaker] 3 letters to cousin, Isaac Shoemaker, Cincinnati. Harrodsburg, Ky., and New York, Aug. 23, 1844 - May 10, 1845.
Cope, Francis R. Letter to John [] [Phil.] 1mo. 20, 1880.
Corder, Susanna Letter to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor. Chelmsford [Eng.?] 6mo. 14, 1862.
Corlies, S[amuel] Z 5 letters to cousin, Isaac Shoemaker [in the South] Phil. and Lansdowne, Mar. 27 - Sept. 16, 1866.
Crosfield, Elizabeth H Letter to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor, Burlington, N.J. Oaklands, Aigburth, nr. Liverpool [Eng.] 6mo. 16, 1866.
Crosfield, Henry 7 letters to [Jos. W. Taylor?] Liverpool and Conway, No. Wales, 1861-1870.
[Discusses events of American Civil War] Note: Plus photograph.
Crosfield, Joseph 3 letters to Jos. W. Taylor. Liverpool, London, and Reigate, 1852, '66, and '79.
Day, Mary K. 2 letters to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor. N.Y., 3mo. 21 - 11mo. 19, 1855.
[Speaks of parents and sister lost in ship wreck; sympathizes over death of Elizabeth (Shoemaker) Taylor, wife of Abraham]
Dot___, Philip (plus Dillman, John; Tyson, Ephraim; Criger, Louis)
Letter to Isaac Shoemaker, Cincinnati. Robeson's Mills, Oct. 2, 1845. [Humorous account of events since he went West]
Drinker, Mrs. S[usan] B.
Letter to Isaac Shoemaker, Cincinnati. Phil., Aug. 27, 1844.
Dugdale, E[dward] T[aylor] 1843-1907 and Dugdale, G[eorge] Henry, 1844-
Letters to [Jos. W. Taylor?] Burlington, Also, letter from E. T. Dugdale to "Aunt Hannah". Burlington, 1mo. 10, 14, and 20, 1862. 2mo. 1, 1880.
Evans, George
Letter to Abraham M. Taylor, Cincinnati. Spiceland, Ind., 3mo. 26, 1863. [Tells of Levi Coffin's work against the Contraband Relief Commission, in behalf of the Freedmen's Aid Commission]
Note: (See also, Box 2, No. 15)
Evans, Thomas 4 letters to Dr. Edward Taylor, Isaac Shoemaker, Hannah Taylor, and Dr. Jos. Taylor, 3mo. 26, 1832; 7mo. 26, 1849; 10mo. 19, 1861; 10mo. 19, 1861.
[1849 letter tells of death of Thomas Brown's wife, of fright over illness of her husband]
Farwell, J.M. Letter to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor. Bristol [Eng.] 11mo. 1, 1862. [Speaks of Civil War]
Fewsmith, Henry 2 letters to Isaac Shoemaker. Dusseldorf [Germany] Dec. 18, 1842 - May 30, 1844.
Forster, Anne Letter to Julia K. Clarke. Tottenham, 3rd. of 3rd. mo., 1854. [Letter about death of writer's brother and his many fine qualities]
Forster, Rachel Letter to Hannah Taylor, Burlington. Tottenham, 6mo. 13, 1862.
Forster, William Edward 3 letters to Jos. W. Taylor. Burley and London, 1861-1871. [Mentions Civil War]
Fox, Anna K[irkbride]
Letter to Hannah Taylor, Burlington, N.J. Saltburnby-the-Sea, [Eng.] ADDITION: Letter to Margaret T. MacIntosh, May 19, 1885. May 2, 1930.
[Condolences on death of James Taylor, Hannah's brother, 1885; describes Dr. Joseph W. Taylor, 1930]
Fox, H H 4 letters, to Dr. Taylor and Hannah Taylor. Dec., 1861, [Letter of Dec. 3, 1861, asks if the Northerners in the U.S. are "mad"?]
Gallagher, Michael. Letter to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor. Haverford College, June 18, 1879. [Quotes prices for construction work]
Gallagher, Mary C. Letter to Jos. W. Taylor. Cincinnati, Aug. 6, 1878. [Asks him to allow her to renew mortgage on her house, which he holds]
Garrett, John Biddle, 1836-1924. Letter to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor. Phil., 4mo. 8, 1879. [Concerns a house on the Bryn Mawr College property]
Garrigues, Samuel M. (civil engineer) Letter to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor. Bryn Mawr, Pa., May 13, 1879. [Tells about flow of stream on Yarrow St. property (Bryn Mawr)]
Gilman, Daniel Coit, 1831-1908. Letter to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor. Baltimore, Jan. 13, 1879.
Grellet, R. Letter to Hannah Taylor. Phil., 2mo. 2, 1880.
Grellet, Stephen, 1773-1855. Letter of introduction to English Friends for Jos. Taylor, M.D. Burlington, N.J., 4mo. 22, 1849.
4 accounts of S.G.'s experiences, three written down by a listener after various conversations:
Concerning African Americans, perils at sea, visits to French and German Friends, and the life of Benjamin Seebohm.
Griffith, Hannah B (Shoemaker) 6 letters to uncle, Isaac Shoemaker. Beechwood, and Springfield, Mo., 1869-1870. Nov., 1869;
[Family news, before and after her marriage, 1869-70; description of Springfield, at end of Civil War, Nov. 1869]
Griscom, George 11 letters to Isaac Shoemaker, Cincinnati and Louisiana. Phil., [Discusses Southern and Northern attitudes, cotton crops, politics, etc.]
Griscom, John Poem: Thoughts near Midnight, a few days after death of his sister Annie. Dec. 31, 1860.
Gurney, Eliza Paul (K[irkbride]) 1801-1881. 11 photographs, two including her three nieces. 3 pencilled letters, two to Dr. Taylor, one to "Sallie." Death notice, ca.1876, 1881.
Haines, Reuben, ca.1804-1885. Letter to Dr. Jos. Taylor. Germantown, 5mo. 6, 1879.
Haines, Zebedee, 1843-1923. Letter to "Cousin Rebecca." 9mo. 12, 1872.
Harrison, Annie L. 2 letters, one to "My dear Friend," one to Charles Taylor, Haverford College, on Oct. 12, 1869. Nov. 28, 1863.
Harrison, Daniel G 2 letters to Dr. Jos. Taylor, London. Stoney Gate, Leicester, 6mo. 10-12, 1862.
Harrop, Anna H Letter to Hannah [Taylor] Phil., 2mo. 11, 1880. [Thanks her for memorial card about Jos. W. Taylor]
Hill, Thomas C. 3 letters to Abraham M. Taylor, Cincinnati. Vicksburg, Miss., and Cairo, Ill., Feb. 6-21, 1865.
[Discusses and describes Friends' Relief work among the war refugees in South (mainly emancipated African Americans); reports on Mrs. Canfield's (S. A. Martha Canfield?) Asylum in Memphis] Note: (see Contraband Relief Commission)
Hilles, Allen Letter to Charles S. Taylor, Haverford College. Wilmington, Del., Jan. 1, 1871. [Religious discussion]
Hinchman, Charles S[hoemaker] 10 letters to uncle, Isaac Shoemaker and cousin, Charles S. Taylor, 1866-1869.
[Letter of June 2, 1867, mentions brother Walter Hinchman's going West to join surveying party mapping route for railroad across prairies]
Hinchman, Lydia Swain (Mitchell) (married to Walter Hinchman), 1845-1938. Letter to cousins, Mrs. Charles S. Taylor and family, Denver, Colo.
[Burlington, N.J.] 9mo. 12, 1879. [Note enclosed, signed E.R. Mitchell, tells of birth of Lydia's son Walter, before she had time to mail her letter]
Hinchman, Margaretta (Shoemaker) 1817?-1900. Folder 1, 1844-1859. 22 items
mainly concerned with news of family and friends
Hinchman, Margaretta (Shoemaker). Folder 2, 1861-1866. 42 items,
mainly concerned with news of family and friends
Hinchman, Margaretta (Shoemaker) Folder 3, 1867-1888. 47 items Note: including poem, "Morning Thoughts for a little childe."
Hinchman, Walter (1845-1920) 1862-1869, 34 items
[telling of his experiences in working and traveling around the country. 2 letters, 1864, tell of Army service during Civil War; letters, 1867, from Ft. Wallace, Colo., and Sacramento Springs, Cal., tell of journey West, with railroad surveying expedition]
Hodgkin, Elizabeth (H[aughton]) letters to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor. Shelleys, Lewes, Sussex, 6mo. 13 [1862] - 4mo. 19, 1871. 3 items.
[1863 letter speaks of Civil War]
Hodgkin, John, 1800-1875.
Note: 10 photographs of him, 1863 and amp; 1869.
26 letters to Jos. W. Taylor, 1861-1874. [Speaks of Civil War]
Hodgkin, Jonathan Backhouse 5 letters to Jos. W. Taylor, 1862-1865. [Speaks of Civil War]
Hodgkin, Thomas, 1798-1866. Letter to Jos. W. Taylor. [London] 11mo. 25, 1861.
Holmes, William 2 letters to Jos. W. Taylor. Alton, Hants., 1854-1861. [Deplores hostility, 1861, between England and U.S. about Civil War]
Howard, Elizabeth Letter to Abraham M. Taylor, Cincinnati. Laurel Hill, Aug. 1827. [Introduces Anthony W. Lockwood]
Hutchin, William 6 letters to Abraham and James Taylor. New York, 1827-1832.
Hutton, Addison (architect for Bryn Mawr College) 6 letters, with enclosures, to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor, Mar. 19-Aug. 9, 1879. [concerning beginning of construction of Bryn Mawr College buildings]
Invitations, death notices, etc. ca. 17 items.
Janney, Robert M 2 letters to Charles S. Taylor. West Town [sic]; Delaware Water Gap, 9mo. 2, 1865; 6mo. 9, 1867.
Jones, A L Letter to Jos. W. Taylor. 12mo. 23, 1869. [ letter of recrimination]
Jordan, Richard Letter to Margaret Wood, Phil. New York, 5mo. 30, 1800.
Judkins, R E Letter to Margaretta and Sallie (children of Abraham M. Taylor). [12mo. 26, 1873. Condolence on death of Abraham M. Taylor]
Kimber, Thomas, Jr. Letter to Charles Taylor. Burlington, 11mo. 4, 1876.
[Encloses letters from English Friends, Joseph J. Neave, Leiston, Suffolk, 1mo. 10, 1876, and Joseph Smith, London, 3mo. 10, 1876, concerning provenance of old Quaker manuscript Charles Taylor had purchased from Thos. Kimber]
King family: Bessie T., M.G., and Rufus P. 1879-1880. 3 items,
King, Francis T. (of Johns Hopkins Hospital, Balto.) Folder 1, 1877-1879. 21 items.
[Letters to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor, concerning founding of Bryn Mawr College]
King, Francis T. Folder 2, 1879-1880. 24 items. [founding of Bryn Mawr College]
Kinnan, Ezekiel Letter to Abraham M. Taylor. Brunswick, Nov. 15, 1825.
Kite, Thomas, Jr. 4 letters to Charles S. Taylor, West Town [sic] Cincinnati, 1866-1868.
Lamborn, W. Letter to Cousin Beckie. [n.p.] Oct. 21, 1879. [Speaks of Indigenous American uprisings in West]
Lea, Kate. 2 letters to cousin, Isaac [Shoemaker] Deal [N.J.] and Germantown, Aug.-Sept., 1849. [Tells of meeting Hannah Taylor; mentions gold rush to California]
Longstreth, M A Letter to Hannah Taylor. Phil., 1mo. 26, 1882. [Condolence on death of Eliza P. Gurney; encloses poem on old age]
Lupton, James. corr. sec., Young Men's Mercantile Library Assoc. Letter to Isaac Shoemaker, Cincinnati. Same, Sept. 22, 1875. [Asks him to be speaker at meeting of Assoc.]
Lynch, John Letter to "Friend Shoemaker" Out Post, June 22, 1866. [Asks him to come and spend the night, to advise on procedures at a business meeting]
McClenahan and amp; Bros., Granite Quarries. Letter to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor. Port Deposit, Md., Feb. 25, 1879. [Concerns stone for building Bryn Mawr College]
McElwee, Hugh 2 letters to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor. Woodlands, Dec., 1861-Feb., 1862. [Reports on matters at home, while Dr. Taylor is in Europe]
Manning, Jane F Letter to Hannah Taylor. Perth Amboy, Feb. 24, 1885. [Letter of condolence]
Mars, Isaac Letter to Abraham M. Taylor, Cincinnati. London, June 12, 1828. [Enthusiastic account of visit to British Museum; letter, one of the earliest forms of carbon copy]
Meehan, Thomas, nurseryman Letter to Jos. W. Taylor, Burlington, N.J. Germantown, April 5, 1878. [Concerns purchase of hemlock and spruce for Bryn Mawr campus]
Miller and amp; Hayes, nurserymen Letter to Jos. W. Taylor, Burlington, N.J. Phil., April 6, 1878. [Same subject]
Mills, Peter Agreement (copy) signed by A. M. Taylor, Burlington, N.J., to contribute $50. a year to support of Peter Mills. 4mo. 1, 1871. Note: (Money to be paid to John Woolman)
Morgan, William B Letter to Dr. Jos. Taylor. Oskaloosa, Iowa, 2mo. 10, 1879.
[Asks his opinion of feasibility of a college to develop delicate young women into robust ones, while also educating; comments on financial difficulties of Penn College, where he is head of Math. Dept.]
Morris family: Abraham, Samuel. A. Morris, letter to Abraham M. Taylor. Gilead, 6mo. 28, 1861; S. Morris, letter to Jos. Taylor. Olney, 7mo. 13, 1878. [Declines place on Board of Trustees of Bryn Mawr College]
Morris, Wistar 5 letters to Jos. W. Taylor. Phil. and Green Hill Farm, 1878-1879. [Concerns purchase of land for Bryn Mawr College]
Morse, J R 5 letters to Isaac Shoemaker, Cincinnati. Robeson Mills, 1844-1846.
Mott, Richard F Letter to Jos. W. Taylor, Liverpool, Eng. Hickory Grove, Letter to Hannah Taylor. Burlington, 4mo. 20, 1862. 2mo. 16, 1880. [Picture of times (Civil War) (1862); after Jos. W. Taylor's death]
Newbold, Emily Letter to cousins, Anna and Margaretta Shoemaker, Cheltenham, Pa. Bloomsdale, Mar. 23, 1836.
Parker, Margaret Allinson Letter to [Abraham M. Taylor] condoling over deathof his wife. Burlington, 11mo. 16, 1855.
Paxon, Richard Letter to Isaac Shoemaker. [Phil.] April 17, 1870.
Peabody and #38; Stearns, architects. Letter forwarded to Dr. Taylor by F[rancis] T. K[ing] (Baltimore) Boston, April 2, 1879. [Gives permission to use ideas from their drawings for the Smith College buildings, in designing Bryn Mawr College]
Peirson, Thomas 2 letters to Abraham M. Taylor. Cincinnati and Lockport, 1859-1862.
[1859 letter thanks hospitality and help in performing a mission; 1862 letter discusses Civil War and conflicts within Society of Friends]
Penn, Hannah (Callowhill) 1671-1726. Letter (facsimile) Phil., 1mo. 6, 1700.
Note: (Original, No. 1 in Samuel Gurney Facsimile Coll., British Museum)
Penn, William, 1644-1718. 8 items, 1677-1701, Facsimile copies of manuscript letters, deed, etc., by William Penn.
Note: For details of provenance and location of originals, see this folder
Pennsylvania Railroad. 2 letters to Jos. W. Taylor, 1879, [re land and building of Bryn Mawr College]
Pharo, Louisa W. 2 letters to Jos. W. Taylor. Tuckerton, N.J., 2mo. 22-28, 1879.
[Asks his financial help for Friends Meeting at Beach Haven; thanks him for contribution]
Pim, Jonathan, Irish Friend 2 letters to Jos. W. Taylor. Dublin, 1862.
[Discusses Civil War]
Potts, Anna. Portrait (photograph) Phil. [n.d.] 7 letters (1 enclosure) to [Hannah Taylor] West Hill and Phil., 1862-1885.
Note: Poem is enclosed with 1880 letter of condolence on death of Jos. W. Taylor.
Pratt, C E Letter to Charles S. Taylor, Haverford College. Boston, July 2, 1871.
Note: From a college friend who has just passed his Bar exams; business card enclosed
Pryor, Gilbert. 10 letters to Abraham M. Taylor and Isaac Shoemaker. Chicago, 1864-1866.
[Tell of Isaac Shoemaker's illness, 1864, and discuss Civil War, 1864-66; letter of July 30, 1866, discusses status of freed African Americans and likelihood of their social progress]
Pumphrey, Stanley Letter to [Hannah Taylor?] Worcester, 2mo. 21, 1880. [Condolences on death of brother]
Putnam family: M. L. and R. F. 2 letters to Mr. Shoemaker. Grass Valley [Cal.] 1863.
[Vivid descriptions of gold mining town. M.L. Putnam says Grass Valley was at one time the home of Lola Montez]
Randall, C. D. Letter to Jos. W. Taylor, Burlington. Coldwater, Mich., Feb. 28, 1879.
[Concerns layout of buildings in school he helped plan; offers suggestions for Bryn Mawr College]
Rhoads, William Letter to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor. Phil., 6mo. 12, 1879.
[Concerns plumbing for Bryn Mawr College]
Richie, Anna (Shoemaker) 28 letters to members of her family, ca.1833-1884.
Richie, M W Letter to cousins, Sallie and Emma [Taylor, Westtown School] Burr Oaks, 9mo. 6, 1867.
Rickel, August Letter to Charles S. Taylor [Haverford College] Phil., April 12, 1869.
[Concerns design of Class cup or trophy]
Robeson, Elizabeth Letter to Elizabeth R[obeson] Shoemaker, Cheltenham. Roxborough, 5mo. 13, 1826. 2 letters to Hannah Taylor: Roxborough, 3mo. 1, 1832, 9mo. 13, 1839, [condoling about her mother's death, and sending her an article or tract, and exhorting her to strive toward Christian perfection]
Robeson, Jonathan 3 letters to cousin, Isaac Shoemaker, Cincinnati. Robeson's Mills, 1844-1852.
Robinson, Rebecca Webb Extract from letter to aunt, Mary Shotwell, Nov. 1, 1829. [describing death of Rebecca's sister, Margaret Couch, of Richmond, Va.]
Rubottam, William 2 letters to Isaac Shoemaker, Cincinnati. Metamora, Jan. 5 - Feb. 20, 1850.[Concern sale of flour]
Satterthwaite, George Letter to Jos. W. Taylor, Manchester, 9mo. 24, 1852.
Scull, David 3 photographs of him. 2 letters to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor, Burlington. Overbrook, 6mo. 14-7mo. 17, 1879. [Discusses landscaping of Bryn Mawr College grounds; wants to Have J. W. Taylor's portrait painted, to be given to the College eventually. (Note on envelope says he never sat)]
Scull, Edward L Letter to Jos. W. Taylor. Phil., 2mo. 6, 1879. Related material: [Soliciting money for construction of Barclay Hall (Haverford College)]
Seebohm, Benjamin, 1798-1871. 3 pictures of him (2 photos, 1 engraving) Letters (copies) to Brighouse Monthly Meeting, York Quarterly Meeting, and London Yearly Meeting of Ministry and Elders, Also, letter to Phil. Y.M.
[concerning his visit [to Phil. Yearly Mtg.] in [1850?] and Robert Lindsey's accompanying him]
Letter, 10mo. 21, 1862, [mentions Civil War]
Seebohm, Frederic 2 letters to Dr. J. W. Taylor. Hitchin, June 7 - Oct. 19, 1862. [speaks of Civil War]
Sellers, George Escol 6 letters to Isaac Shoemaker, 1845-1870.[Concern business]
Shipley, Augustus Letter to Isaac Shoemaker, Cincinnati. Phil., Sept. 16, 1844. [Mainly business]
Shipley, Hannah T Letter to [member of Taylor family] Bryn Mawr, Pa., March 12, 1920. [About family history]
Shipley, Mary P Letter to "Dear Hannah." Anglesea, 7mo. 26, 1881.
Shoemaker, Arnold Agreement with John Shoemaker about water rights. Cheltenham, 4mo. 2, 1755.
Shoemaker, Charles H (Folder 1) 22 items. Letters mostly to brother Isaac, Cincinnati. Mainly from Cheltenham, 1844-1848.
[Largely concerned with family business; 1846-47 letters describe falling off of milling business, due to increased competition in grain growing and cheaper shipping from West. Also description of courtship of Elizabeth Shoemaker by Abraham Taylor, 1848. Letter of Feb. 12, 1847, mentions confinement of brother-in-law, Morgan Hinchman, in Friends Asylum]
Shoemaker, Charles H. (Folder 2) 20 items. Letters to Isaac Shoemaker. Cheltenham, and Richmond, Ind., 1849-1850, 1862-1864.
[Letters of 7th and 8th mo., 1849, describe epidemic in Phil., Bucks County, Pa., and Cincinnati, which took life of Anne Shoemaker, wife of James (?) Shoemaker. Letters of 7mo. 29 and 10mo. 15, 1849, tell of brother John's journey to California, in the gold rush. Letter of 2mo. 14, 1850, mentions westward thrust of railroads. (Gap of 12 years between Cheltenham and Richmond. Letter, Richmond, April 3, 1862, speaks of farming as a tenant and being dependant). Letter, Richmond, Oct. 27, 1862, tells of hiring guards to protect crops from marauding soldiers. 1864 letters, to Isaac down South, in cotton business.]
Document, bond from Chas. H. Shoemaker to Isaac Shoemaker, for $5,238. March 7, 1859.
Shoemaker, Isaac (Folder 1) 17items. Letters to various people. Cincinnati, etc., 1844-1859.
[Letter to sisters, Margaretta S. Hinchman and Elizabeth S., 8mo. 5, 1845, gives interesting description of a Hoosier]
Shoemaker, Isaac (Folder 2) ca. 23 items. California, Cincinnati, Vicksburg, Illawarra, New Orleans, etc., 1862-1867.
[Letters from Big Tree Grove, Calaveras Co., Cal., July 20- Aug. 4, 1862, tell of visit to Yosemite Valley, with sketches, including sketch of a pair of skis.]
Letters from San Francisco: --Aug. 18, 1862, [describes mining region] --Aug. 19, 1862, [includes sketch of ferris wheel and merry-go-round, and group of Chinese people; also remarks on healthful climate, low mortality rate among children; mentions Friends settled in San Francisco; describes the people and conditions there] --Sept. 29, 1862, [discusses Civil War; describes sea lions] --Jan. 6, 1863, [mentions Emancipation Proclamation and discusses the War] --March 3, 1863, [says he fears Lincoln has not the capacity to lead the country; describes Chinese New Year] --March 24,1863,[describes Monterey, with sketches; tells of whaling (combination letter to nieces, nephews, and sisters] --Letter from Vicksburg, Feb. 18, 1866, [describes conditions in post-War South] --Letter from Illawarra [La.] July 11, 1866, [describes cotton growing, with sketches] --Letter from New Orleans, Feb. 14, 1867, [tells anecdote of George Washington; second letter, same date, describes Mississippi, levees, bayous, activity along river] --Letter from Burlington [N.J.] 8mo. 15, 1867, [tells of Irish Friend, Samuel Bewley, and daughter Alice coming to dinner.]
Shoemaker, Isaac. (Folder 3) 13 items, 1869-1871.
Letter, Bowlesville, Ill., [May 19, 1869, mentions completion of Pacific Railroad, May 10, 1869; also speaks of orderly disbanding of the armies, after Civil War]
Letter, Salt Lake City, 7mo. 23, 1771, [detailed description of city and life there]
Shoemaker, Isaac. (Folder 4) 1842-1866. 27 items, Business papers: Power of Attorney, from Isaac to Charles H. Shoemaker. Will, Oct. 21, 1842, Feb. 16, 1855. [Largely concerned with grocery business, meat shipments and sales, etc.]
Shoemaker, Isaac (nephew of Isaac above) Letter to [cousin?] Charlie. Beechwood, 6mo. 7, 1864. Note: [Signed "Ikey."]
Shoemaker, John, 1764-1817. Death notices and memorial Testimony about him, from Abington Monthly Meeting. 4 items.
Shoemaker, John W (Folder 1) 1837-1845. 22 items, Letters to members of family. [1845 letters to Isaac, trying to persuade him to come to Illinois or thereabouts and join him in sheepraising business - detailed description of conditions]
Shoemaker, John W. (Folder 2) 1846-1867. 15 items, one enclosure, Letters to family, describing life in Chicago, 1846-48; journey to California by the Santa Fe and Cimmaron Trails, 1849; life in San Francisco, 1850-1867.
Shoemaker, Margaret (Wood), mother of Abraham, Isaac, Charles, John, Margaretta S. Hinchman, et al. Dinner invitation to Hannah Taylor, Cheltenham, 8mo. 31,1839. Copy of "A Singular Sermon, delivered at Frankford by James Simson..."
Simpson, Agnes A 10 letters to Aunt Hannah Taylor, 1878-1882.
Simpson, Emma (Taylor) daughter of James Taylor,married Frederick Simpson, of England. 3 religious cards, enclosed with letters. 13 letters to Uncles Isaac and Joseph and Aunt Hannah Taylor, 1866-1888.
Simpson, H Letter to Aunt Hannah [Taylor] Holme House, Southport [Eng.] June 8, 1881. [Thank you letter]
Simpson, J Letter to "Aunt Hannah" [Taylor] Sunnyside, Mayfield, Ashbourne, Feb. 6, 1880. [Condolence on death of Jos. W. Taylor]
Simpson, Sarah A Letter to "Aunt Hannah" Woodside, 5mo. 13, 1881. [Thank you note]
Small, Jesse 2 letters to Abraham M. Taylor, Cincinnati. Marion, Ind., 9mo. 15, 1862 - 4mo. 19, 1863. [Concern affairs of orphanage of which they are both Trustees; mentions two Indigenous American boys there]
Smiley, Albert Keith, 1828-1912. Photograph. Letter to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor. Providence, R.I., 11mo. 28, 1877. [Expressing interest and offering help in planning for founding of Bryn Mawr College]
Smock, Emeline Letter to [Hannah Taylor] Holmdel, Jan. 21, 1880. [Condolences on death of Jos. W. Taylor]
Steinkopff, Charles Frederick Adolphus Copy of a letter from him to John Hodgkin. Tunbridge Wells, (Copy made at Shelley's, Lewes, Sussex, Oct. 11, 1843. 4mo. 18, 1862)
Stelle, H B Letter to cousin, Hannah Taylor, Bordentown, N.J. New Brunswick, May [1835] [Condolences on death of her father, Dr. Edward Taylor]
Stewardson, George 2 letters, one to Elizabeth R. Taylor. Phil., May 21, 1849, one to Abraham M. Taylor. Phil., July 10, 1849. [Concern business matters and the verdict rendered against them and others in lawsuit by brother-in-law, Morgan Hinchman, after they had helped to commit him to Friends Asylum]
Stewardson, Thomas Letter to Isaac Shoemaker. Phil., Jan. 29, 1864. [Asks about an ancestor of his own, named Susanna (Taylor) Wood Hastings]
Stewart, W.C. Letter to Abraham M. Taylor. Cincinnati, Oct. 1, 1870. [Concerns foundations of house he is building for A. M. Taylor]
Stockham, Anna B Letter to Aunt Hannah [Taylor] Madison, Jan. 30, 1880. [Condolences re death of Jos. W. Taylor]
Tanner, J M Letter to Dr. [Jos. W.] Taylor. Sidcot [Eng.] 5mo. 23, 1862. [Refers to friction between Phil. Yearly Meeting and London Yearly Meeting over American Civil War]
Tatum, A.G., E.W., and John W. Letter from E. W. Tatum to Elizabeth R. Shoemaker, Phil [n.p.] 2mo. 5, 1845. [Thanks her for kindness to sick child]
Letters from A.G. and John W Tatum, Wilmington, 10mo. 28, 1855, [condolences to Margaretta S. Hinchman and Abraham Taylor on the death of Elizabeth Shoemaker Taylor]
Taylor, Abraham M[erritt] 1799-1873. 1832-1848. 47 items, Folder 1. [Letter, Burlington, 10mo. 29, 1836, contains dissertation on men's fashions] [Letters of 1848 concern his marriage to Elizabeth R. Shoemaker]
Taylor, Abraham M[erritt] 1799-1873. 1849-1860. ca.31 items, Folder 2. [Good illustration of Victorian preoccupation with sickness and death. Letters of 1855 tell of illness and death of Elizabeth R. S. Taylor]
Taylor, Abraham M[erritt] 1799-1873. 1861-1865. ca. 44 items, Folder 3. [Letters of 1861-62, written to brother, Jos. Taylor, who had accompanied John Hodgkin to England, tell of Civil War. Letter to Isaac Shoemaker, 4mo. 30, 1864, concerns contraband relief cause.]
Taylor, Abraham M[erritt] 1799-1873. 1866-1867. 39 items, Folder 4. Note: Mainly to his children
Taylor, Abraham M[erritt] 1799-1873. [Mainly to his children] 1868-1869. 34 items, * Folder 5. [Includes addition, Copy of a letter addressed to C. R. Ellis, 6mo. 15, 1869, saying his improvement in A. Taylor's house's heating system is inadequate and requesting him to come and do it right, before bill is paid]
Taylor, Abraham M[erritt] 1799-1873. 1870-1871. 28 items, Folder 6. Note: Mainly to his children
Taylor, Abraham M[erritt] 1799-1873. Receipts. 1871, 3mo. 1 - 9mo. 19. 43 items, Folder 7.
Taylor, Abraham M[erritt] 1799-1873. Westtown School Reports and receipted bills. 9 items. Folder 8.
Taylor, Abraham M[erritt] 1799-1873. Business and legal papers. 1826-1869. 26 items, Folder 9.
Taylor, Abraham M[erritt] 1799-1873. Miscellaneous letters to him. 1866-1873. 22 items, Folder 10.
Taylor, Abraham M[erritt] 1799-1873.
Taylor, Abraham M[erritt] 1799-1873.
Taylor, Abraham M[erritt] 1799-1873.
Taylor, Abraham M[erritt] 1799-1873.
Taylor, Charles S[hoemaker] 1850-1939. 1863-1897. 33 items,
* Mostly letters to his family from Burlington, N.J., Westtown, Haverford College, and Colorado, giving pictures of college and western life. Include Westtown and Haverford reports and program of exercises at Haverford, 2mo. 2, 1870, in which he gave speech on "The Intelligence of Animals."
Taylor, Charles S[hoemaker] 1850-1939. Legal papers concerning family trusts, 6 items, Oct. - Dec., 1897.
Taylor, David H[endrickson] 1829-1870. 1855-1870. 12 items,
--Letter to Uncle, Cincinnati, 8mo. 27, 1855, [discusses selling tan yard]. --Letter to Uncle, Glenwood, 4mo. 27, 1861, [describes effect of Civil War on business, etc., in Cincinnati] --Letter to Uncle Joseph, Glenwood, 2mo. 16, 1862, [discusses progress of War, future of slavery, etc.] --Letter to Isaac [Shoemaker] Cincinnati, July 7, 1866, [discusses wheat farming in mid-West and great promise of Northwest in this field]
Taylor, Edward, M.D., 1763-1835. (Father of Abraham, Jos., Hannah, et al. 1815-1871. 32 items,
--Copy of Obituary write-up of him, sent by Jos. W. Taylor to Dr. T. J. Thomason, Perrineville, N.J., 5mo. 13, 1871. Note: Letter fro Dr. Thomason also filed here.
Letters, 1815-1835: 1. Upper Freehold [N.J.] to brother-in-law Wm. F. Manning. 1815, 2. from Asylum [Frankford] and Upper Freehold, to son Abraham M. Taylor, who is starting in the tanning business in Cincinnati, Ohio. Asylum letters give insights into life there. 1827-1835,
Sub-2: Letters of 4mo. 22, 1827 - 11mo. 2, 1828, tell of division in Yearly Meeting and its subsidiaries over Elias Hicks. Letter of 3mo. 1, 1830, speaks of decision of Asylum Board to admit non-Friends.]6mo. 10, 1829.:* ADDITIONS: Letter to Edward and Esther Taylor, Upper Freehold, N.J., from mother and father. Asylum, [Condolence on loss of small daughter] Letter to Dr. Edward Taylor, Frankford, Pa., from John Smalley. New York, Jan. 10, 1831. [Concerns inquiries by Dr. Taylor about Taylor family in England and any property he might have claim on; quotes Dr. Eleazer Gidney, of Edinburgh, who will trace it for a fee] Also here: letter to Dr. Eleazer Gidney, Edinburgh, from Stacey Grimaldi, London, Oct., 1831, giving genealogy of Sir Herbert Taylor and saying American branch has no legal claims. [Letter presumably forwarded to Dr. Taylor by John Smalley: ADDITIONS, Gift OCT., 1963. Note: Sarah Merritt Taylor, wife of Edward and mother of Abraham, finishes many of the letters.
3. Account book showing accounts of settling of Dr. Ed. Taylor's estate, with notice laid in of real estate sales, 8mo. 7, 1835.
Taylor, Edward B[allinger] 1850-1922. Manuscript of oration on, "Meteoric Showers," by Edward B. Taylor, delivered at the Junior exercises of the Class of 1869 at Haverford College. Gift of Mrs. J. Andrew Heath, Jan. 29, 1868, Oct.,1963.
Taylor, Edward, 1796-1868. 1827-1868. 11 items,
--Two receipted bills to Edward Taylor for tuition of, 1841-1843. --Mary Steward, Gifts Oct., 1963. --Power of Attorney from Henry W. Taylor, Madison, June 14, 1853. --Ind., to Edward Taylor, of Burlington, N.J., Gift Oct., 1963. --* Letter from Michael John Collins, valet of John W. Taylor, to Edward Taylor, Cinnaminson, N.J. Cleveland, Sept. 2, 1854. [says John is dying of pleurisy. Pencilled note on outside says death was announced in newspapers soon after receipt of this] Gift of Mrs. H. Andrew Heath, Oct., 1963. --Letter to brother Joseph. Burlington, 1mo. 14, 1862. [Discusses the Civil War] --Four legal documents: Receipts and release, from divisees and heirs of Dr. Edward Taylor to John G. Taylor and Jos. W. Taylor, executors of Dr. Edward Taylor's estate. Recorded, July 2, 1869. --Two early letters, one to brother Abraham in Cincinnati, and one to sister Hannah, at Bordentown, N.J., 1827, 1835.
Taylor, Edward W, 1815-1854. (Son of Edward Taylor, Jr.) Letter to his uncles in cincinnati. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on board U.S. Frigate United States. March 12, 1842,[Serving in the Marines, on the flag ship of the Pacific Squadron; says he joined Marines, after finishing Army service, because his uncles did not come up to his expectations by offering him a job; asks them to tell him frankly if they have any intention of doing anything for him and says if not, he will not return home at all. (He did not return home, went to Illinois, married and settled there)]
Taylor, Elizabeth Robeson (Shoemaker) 1809-1855. 1832-1843. 17 items. Folder 1.
Introductory note, giving line of descent to Margaret (Taylor) MacIntosh Poems exchanged by E. R. T. and A[nna] S. Shoemaker, Glenwood, 1836. [Lament Anna's attachment to Samuel Richie, of whom family seems to disapprove]
Letter to Hannah Taylor, Cincinnati, from Glenwood, 4mo. 16, 1837, [mentions sister Anna's marriage]
Taylor, Elizabeth Robeson (Shoemaker) 1809-1855. Letters to Isaac Shoemaker and Hannah Taylor, Cincinnati. [Letter to Isaac Shoemaker, 1844. 4mo. 7-9, 1844, 25 items. Folder 2.' [telling of getting settled on farm in Bucks Co.; tells of Morgan Hinchman's unsettled state; mentions last illness of Elizabeth Fry, as told in a letter from Eliza P. Gurney] Note: first part written by Margaretta (Shoemaker) Hinchman; second part, by Elizabeth
Taylor, Elizabeth Robeson (Shoemaker) 1809-1855. To Isaac Shoemaker and Hannah Taylor, Cincinnati. Three enclosures of poetry. 1845. 25 items. Folder 3.
[Letter to Isaac. Phil., 3mo. 16, 1845, discusses Wilburite controversy between Phil. and New England Yearly Meetings.] [Letter to Isaac. Phil., 11mo. 29, 1845, mentions death of Elizabeth Fry, in England, and work of Dorothy Dix on prison reform in the U.S.]
Taylor, Elizabeth Robeson (Shoemaker) 1809-1855. To Isaac Shoemaker and Hannah Taylor (and indirectly to Abraham Taylor) 1846. 27 items. Folder 4.
[Letter, Phil. 2mo. 5, 1846, describes Phil. Quarterly Mtg. and feelings of disunity within it. Letter, Phil., 3mo. 12, 1846, says she "cannot justify J. Wilbur." Letter, Phil. 4mo. 25, 1846, notes on Yearly Mtg. - Women's Mtg., interesting as giving informal view by one participant]
Taylor, Elizabeth Robeson (Shoemaker) 1809-1855. To Isaac Shoemaker, Hannah and Abraham Taylor. 1847. 25 items. Folder 5.
--Letter to Isaac, Cincinnati. Phil., 1mo. 21 1847, says, "...E. Hinchman came after dinner, to try to devise some means for preserving the remainder of Morgan's property (if there be any) and Placing him in an institution for the insane."
--Letter to Isaac. Plumstead, 1mo. 17, 1847, gives more details of Morgan Hinchman's incarceration.
--Letter to Isaac. Germantown, 4mo. 14, 1847, mentions Germantown (Mtg.) giving over $1000. for Irish relief.
--Letter to Isaac, Cincinnati. Germantown, 7mo. 2, 1847, tells of Morgan Hinchman's imminent release from asylum.
--Letters to Isaac, 9mo. 19, 1847, and to Abraham and Hannah Taylor, 10mo. 4 and 14 1847, tell of further developments in Morgan Hinchman's lawsuit against his family.
Taylor, Elizabeth Robeson (Shoemaker) 1809-1855. To Isaac Shoemaker, Abraham and Hannah Taylor. 1848. 30 items. Folder 6. [Letters to Abraham, after engagement, example of Quakerly reticence. Letter of 6mo. 18, 1848, mentions Morgan Hinchman's determination to sue as many people as possible.]
Taylor, Elizabeth Robeson (Shoemaker) 1809-1855. Cincinnati, (Now Eliz. R. S. Taylor) 1849-1854. 26 items. Folder 7.
--Letter to sister, 1mo. 9, 1849, mentions book by Mary Howitt, Our Cousins in Ohio, all about the real people and events there, in the family of Harrison Alderson.
--Letters to family from Phil. and vicinity, spring of 1854, refer to re-trial of Morgan Hinchman case.
--Letter to brother and sister, Cincinnati, 10mo. 1, 1854, discusses the Wilburite Separation between Phil. Y.M. and Ohio Yearly Meeting.]
Taylor, Elizabeth Robeson (Shoemaker) 1809-1855. 1855. 19 items. Folder 8.
[Letters mostly from her last trip to Penna., in search of health plus telegrams concerning her death at Bedford, Pa., Oct. 20, 1855, and a memorandum book kept by her on the trip East.]
Taylor, Elizabeth Robeson (Shoemaker) 1809-1855. Poetry book from years at Westtown School. (Laid in: picture of her as grown woman)
Taylor, Elizabeth Robeson (Shoemaker) 1809-1855. Diary, 1830.
Taylor, Ella, 1861-1898 (daughter of Jacob M. Taylor) Two letters to Aunt Hannah Taylor. "Wyrtgeard," [Cincinnati] 3rd. Letter, after marriage to Dr. Wm. Hamlin Wilder (1884). April 13, 1881 - 2mo. 28, 1882. July 16, 1885,
Taylor, Frank H[endrickson] 1855-1934 (son of Jacob M. Taylor) 2 items
Letter to Uncle Abraham. Cincinnati, 6mo. 23, [n.d.] Letter to Aunt Hannah. Cambridge, Mass., [Tells of life at Harvard] 10mo., 15, 1876.
Taylor, Hannah, 1808-1889. 1829-1880. 62 items,
Earlier items, letters to brother Abraham and to Elizabeth R. Shoemaker (later wife of Abraham) From 1862 on, mainly letters to nephews and nieces. Last 2 items, legal papers: affirmation of codicil which Jos. W. Taylor made to his will, plus rough draft of codicil to her own will: Jan., 1880.
Taylor, Henry L[ongstreet] M.D., 1857-1932. 1876-1882. 6 items,
Letters to "Aunt Hannah". [First letter, Haverford College, 10mo. 20, 1876, [tells of accident in the Observatory. Remainder, from Antwerp, Berlin, and Strasbourg, tel of his medical studies, and conclude with a printed announcement (in German) of his engagement to Emma Görtz.]
Taylor, Henry W[right] 1828-1899 (son of Edward Taylor, Jr.) ca. 35 items:
Louisville, Cincinnati, Burlington (N.J.) etc., 1862-1885. Mostly letters to Uncle Abraham and Aunt Hannah, written after they had migrated back to Burlington from Cincinnati; [largely concern business matters in Cincinnati, which Henry is handling for Abraham]
Last item is a bond for $25,000. from Henry W. Taylor to Chas. S. Taylor and Sarah M. Taylor, April 7, 1874. [Bond given as one of the executors of will of Abraham M. Taylor, to be void at completion of duties as executor]
Taylor, Howard G[ardiner] (Grandson of Edward Taylor, Jr.) 1858-1930. Letter to Aunt [Hannah] Niagara Falls, N.Y., 9mo. 8, 1881. [Thanks her for sending him to Niagara Falls]
Taylor, J[oseph] E[arle] 1831-1904. (Son of Edward, Jr.) Letter to Uncle Joseph (who is abroad) Burlington, Jan. 18, 1862.
[Tells of conditions at home; mentions possibility of war with England]
Taylor, Jacob M[erritt] 1795-1870. Letter to C[harles] S[hoemaker] Taylor, (frag.) [n.p., n.d.]
Letter to Dr. Edward Taylor, Upper Freehold [N.J.], from Charlton, and letter to Sarah (Merit [sic]) Taylor, wife of Dr. Edward, from Charlton
Letter to brother Abraham, Burlington, 6mo. 6, 1827, discusses Hicksite conflict in Meeting. Letter to Abraham, Burlington, 1mo. 29, 1830, speaks of "Cincinnati Fire," in which Abraham lost all his clothes; also tells of Abraham Merritt's disownment by Meeting, as a Hicksite. Letter of 4mo 19, 1830, has letter from father, Edward Taylor, M.D., on back pages. Letter to Jos. W. Taylor (in Europe) 2mo. 9, 1862, tells of developments in Civil War. Letter to Isaac Shoemaker (down South) 6mo. 3, 1866, tells of progress in building Taylor houses in Burlington; asks about progress in educating Freedmen. Letter, 10mo. 13, 1866, comments on chaotic conditions in South
To members of family and Elizabeth R. Shoemaker. Letters to E.R.S., from Cincinnati, 8mo. 16 - 11mo. 4, 1844, answer her letter about gossip she had heard about him and indicate that he is breaking off a (possibly) romantic relationship. Letter, Cincinnati, 7mo. 3, 1858, wishes her well on marriage to his brother Abraham, but regrets he will be unable to attend ceremony
European letters (including clipping of poem by Charles W. Taylor, about the voyage of the Tuscarora, with Jos. aboard, filed with Joseph's letter written on ship,
A. Include Addition, letter from Jos. Taylor to brother Edward Taylor, Riverside, N.J. [1mo., 1851] [Speaks of dividing up the assets of the Taylor leather business in Cincinnati, real estate, etc., preparatory to dissolving partnership; speaks of brother J.M.T.'s (Jacob's?) dissatisfaction with arrangements] (Gift of Margaret Taylor MacIntosh.)
B. Include letters of a second trip abroad, 1861-1862. [Letter from Shelleys - Lewes, Sussex, 11mo. 21, 1861, describes arrival at home of John Hodgkin; mentions fact that Phil. Mtg. had not given J. H. certificate to take home, because of conflicts (Wilburite?) in Phil. Letter, 11mo. 22, 1861, tells of English reactions to Amer. Civil War. Also, letter, Paris, 1mo. 8, 1862.]
A. Letter to R. F. Mott, from Cincinnati, 1mo. 2, 1865, suggests starting recreation room for young men in basement of Burlington Library and offers financial support.
B. Letter to nephew Charlie (Chas. S. Taylor) at Westtown, from Woodlands (Burlington, N.J.) 5mo. 18, 1865, mentions capture of Jefferson Davis in Georgia.
C. Letter to Samuel Allinson, (Addition,) from Burlington, 3mo. 9, 1869, Thanks him for his work on the N. J. Prison Reform Comm.]
A. Letter to nephew Charlie, at Haverford, speaks of brother David and D's wife Laura planning western trip via Panama, on which he will accompany them; also speaks of giving land and some funds to start a First Day School building near Burlington.
B. Letters, 4mo. 23-28, 1870, on board ship Arizona; letter of 4mo. 28, says Capt. Maury, capt. of ship, is cousin of Lt. (Matthew Fontaine) Maury, oceanographer, "who was a Rebel Officer."
C. Letters, 5mo. 13 - 7mo. 18, 1870, tell of travels across Panama and in California. (7 items)
D. Memo from Chas. S. Taylor, typed, June 13, 1918, explains Jos. W. Taylor's memo to self, 10mo. 3, 1872, concerning desirability of helping to erect and start a Temperance Hall, with library, refreshments, etc., in Burlington, to counteract evils of saloons, etc. (Scheme was tried, without great success, and dropped after J.W.T.'s death)
E. Letter to niece Sallie, from Cincinnati, 12mo. 28, 1873, condoles over death of her father (Abraham) Letters to Hannah and others, from Cincinnati, 12mo. 28-29, 1873, tell of arrival with Abraham's body, and funeral arrangements, "30 carriages ordered;" describes large funeral.
A. Six letters from from Jacksonville, Fla., and Atlanta, Ga. describes trip he and nephew Walter took; give Northerner's view of South
B. Letter to "all the dear ones at home," from Plainfield, Ind. tells of "progressive element" having gained control of the Indiana Yearly Meeting. Letter, 9mo. 25, 1876, continues account of difficulties between older Friends and "Progressive Friends."
C. Letter from Cincinatti that tells of his travels as companion to minister J[oseph] B[evan] B[raithwaite]; speaks of great work J.B.B. is doing
D. Letters, Lawrence, Kan., and Cincinnati, speaks of visiting the Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation and of participation of two other Indigenous Americans in the Kansas Y.M.
E. Letter, New Garden, N.C., tells of North Carolina Yearly Meeting
Almost all letters to Charles S. Taylor and family, in Colorado,
A. giving news of home and friends. Mentions of the founding of Bryn Mawr, very scarce and indirect. Letters of 10mo. 15-26, 1879, tell of his angina pectoris
B. Letter of 11mo. 4, 1878, suggests that Chas. W. T. collect birds and minerals of Colo., as basis for a Museum for Bryn Mawr College.
C. Letter of 11mo. 16, 1879, says he is busy at Bryn Mawr, getting ready for building in the spring.
D. Letter of 1mo. 6, 1880, speaks of continued progress at Bryn Mawr. (He died Jan. 18, 1880)]
A. Passport, signed by William H. Seward.
B. Bill of lading for goods brought back from Indiana 1831.
C. Two codicils to will, appointing trustees for Bryn Mawr College.
D. Two sets of instructions for the Trustees of Bryn Mawr College.
E. Receipts for bequests paid from his estate.
F. Other
Will (with codicil) of Joseph Wright Taylor. Certified copy
Legal papers: A. Certificates from Clerks of Courts in Burlington, Co., N.J., concerning mortgages and judgments,
B. Brief of Title to land in Burlington Twp: from 1714-1854.
C. Legal opinion on above title by John Rogers
D. Deed for land in Cincinnati, from George A. Bicknell and his wife [Elizabeth Haskins Richards?] to Joseph W. Taylor
E. Addition: Quit-claim from subscribers to the school-house built on Jos. W. Taylor's land in Burlington Co., N.J
F. Bills, receipts, and other legal papers connected with the settlement of Jos. W. Taylor's estate, Additions.
Additional Material (stored in box 9A)
A. Photograph of Jos. W. Taylor, in middle years.
B. Notebook of Jos. W. Taylor, when at Medical School:
C. Notes on Dr. Chapman's lectures.
D. Diaries of Jos. W. Taylor: travels in Europe, 4 vols.,
E. Matriculation cards at U. of Penna., cards for admission to medical lectures, card announcing death of Dr. Taylor,
(Married to Wm. Shipley Taylor) Letter to Aunt Hannah Taylor, Burlington. Earlham Lodge [Atlantic City]
(Married to David H. Taylor) Mostly to Aunt Hannah Taylor concerning family ailments, etc.
Letter to Aunt [Hannah] [Phil.?,] expressing condolence on death of Dr. Jos. W. Taylor
Release of Dower, from Mary Taylor to Lydia Pellott. Burlington [N.J.]
(daughter of James Taylor) Letter to Aunt Hannah. Spring Cottage, Mayfield
To members of family.
(Married to Chas. S. Taylor) Two letters, one to "Aunt Hannah" and one to "Uncle Joseph" Taylor. Manitou [Colo.]
Letters to cousin, C[harles] S[hoemaker] T[aylor] Burlington. Concern sale of farm, "Wynona," by C.S.T. to C. S. H[inchman] Letter of 1mo. 25, speaks of the death and funeral of Joseph Wright Taylor.
Upper Freehold [N.J.] and Friends' Asylum [Frankford, Pa.] Mainly to members of family. Nov. 1, 1912, concerning addressee, Sarah Merritt, niece of Sarah M. Taylor, who was at Wilmington School, and spelling of name Merritt. Letter to son Abraham in Cincinnati, from Friends Asylum, 1mo. 8, 1829, cautions him against the Hicksites. Has letter from father at end. Note: Two letters, 1817, have note from Chas. S. Taylor. Letter to daughter Hannah, 10mo. 22, 1827, has additional letter from father, Edward Taylor, M.D., at end. For additional messages from Sarah M. Taylor, see also letters of Edward Taylor, M.D., Box 6, which she often finished
Cincinnati, Chelten, and Phil., To members of family. 1863-1889
Letter from W[esttown, 12mo. 25, 1866, to uncle and aunt, describes Christmas day at Westtown -- school as usual.
Letter from Chelten, 4mo. 4, 1880, [to Charles Taylor and his wife (Rebecca Taylor (Hughes)?), in Colorado] describes a surprise birthday party held at Chelten: good picture of Quaker family fun
Letter to Aunt H[annah Taylor] from Lafayette Hotel [Phil.], 1mo. 13, 1888, mentions attending a Bible Class at 12th St. Mtg., conducted by Rendel Harris
9 (Son of James) Mainly to Charles S. Taylor.
A. Letter from Haverford College, Nov. 21, 1865, to Chas. at Westtown, good picture of boys' social life then
B. Letter from Edgewood, describes a "revival" meeting, led by Murray Shipley; discusses "progressive Friends" custom of "confessing."
C. Letter from Edgewood, speaks of William's approaching marriage to Julia [Kirkbride]
Letter to [Hannah Taylor] Baltimore. Condolences on death of Dr. Jos. W. Taylor.
6 letters to Jos. W. Taylor. New York City and Copake, N.Y., Letter of 12mo. 22, 1861, has added note from Anna B. Day; discusses England's hostile reaction to Northern blockade of Southern ports. Letter of 7mo. 2, 1879, from Copake, invites Jos. W. Taylor to join him and family there for several weeks and take side trips with them
Letter to Jos. W. Taylor, Burlington. Phil. Enthuses over prospect of Bryn Mawr College; urges care in selecting books for Library which will be doctrinally sound
Letter to Jos. W. Taylor. Phil. Concerns sale by Naomi Morris of part of "Harriton" to J.W.T., for part of Bryn Mawr campus
Poem: "The Broken Harp." Inscribed to Dr. Edward Taylor, Frankford.
Poem: "Nature." [Copied from N.Y. Mirror, by Isaac (Shoemaker?)]
Letter to Isaac Shoemaker, Cincinnati. New York. Sends copy of letter from C. Magarge, re settlement of mortgage debt owed by Isaac to the Germantown Bank. Additional note re Isaac's debts, signed by George Escol Sellers, on same sheet
Letter to Jos. W. Taylor, Burlington. Phil. Says he will sell 20 acres of land, for Bryn Mawr College campus
Clipping from [Phil.] newspaper telling of her wedding to Count von Pappenheim of Austria
Letter to Abraham M. Taylor. [Cincinnati] Informs him of his appointment to committee to solicit funds for the Relief Union
6 letters to cousins Charles, Emma, and Sallie Taylor and Aunt Hannah Taylor. Letter to Emma and Sallie, from Mt. Desert I. [Me.] 7mo. 18, 1867, description of vacation life around South West Harbor and Bar Harbor. Four letters, 1877-1881, to Aunt Hannah from England; one has enclosure of letter from cousin Hannah, describing Anna Mary Wistar's daughter Emma
(Married to Thomas Wistar, Jr.) 4 letters to Elizabeth (Shoemaker) Taylor. Stanley and Phil. Letter of 7mo. 29, 1849, congratulates E.S.T. on birth of daughter
Letter to Aunt Hannah. Ladies' College, Kendal expressing thanks for her gifts of money
Letter to Elizabeth R. Shoemaker (later Taylor), Cheltenham. Phil.,
Letters, almost entirely to Elizabeth R. Shoemaker. Letters of 1847 discuss problem of having Morgan Hinchman, brother-in-law of Elizabeth Shoemaker, certified as insane and committed to Friends Asylum
A. Letter of 2mo. 26, 1848, to E.R.S. discusses her engagement to Abraham Taylor.
B. Letters, 10mo. 8, 1848 - 5mo. 5, 1849, discuss further trouble with Morgan Hinchman; give full account of events in developing litigation and final verdict (later appealed)
C. Letter of 1mo. 10, 1849, p. 1, hints that Abraham may have been jealous of T.W.'s affection for Eliz.
D. Letter of 4mo. 15, 1849, tells of T. Wistar's being made Commissioner to the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin; letter of 4mo. 25 tells of his meeting with the President of the U.S. (Zachary Taylor) in Washington.
E. Letters from Green Bay, 6mo. 11-19, 1849, tell of work with Indigenous Americans, corruption found in Administration, etc.
F. Letters, 8mo. 5, 1849 - 12mo. 3, 1849, tell of continued controversy over whether to settle Hinchman case by paying damages awarded to Morgan Hinchman, or to appeal; also occasional references to his work with Indigenous Americans.
Largely to Abraham M. Taylor.letters, continued discussion of Hinchman case
A. Letter of 9mo. 16, 1855, to Marguerite Hinchman, says a separation is likely in Phil. Y.M. over Wilburite issues.
B. Letter to Abraham M. Taylor, 10mo. 23, 1855, condolence on death of Elizabeth.
C. Letter to Isaac Shoemaker, 12mo. 9, 1863, speaks of death of his own wife, Elizabeth B. Wistar.
D. Letter (probably to Abraham) 9mo. 22, 1864, p.2, mentions visit to Washington to try to free 40 Oneida minors who had been illegally taken into the Army
Letters to Elizabeth R. Shoemaker written by Thomas Wistar, Jr., Letter of 7mo. 17, 1844, and one following it, describe disintegration of Horsham M.M. over the Wilburite controversy. Signed by him for self and Elizabeth (his wife).
Eight letters to cousin Elizabeth Shoemaker; one to aunt, Mrs. Margaret Shoemaker, of Cheltenham. New York, which says the N.Y. Meeting has split over the Hicksite controversy; she herself has left Meeting and attends church.
Note: Uses you, Roman dates, etc.; left Friends by own request, 1833. Contrast in cheerful description of New York life and society, compared with gloomy, drab scene in Phil. Letter of May 28, 1828,
Note to "E.S. and Co."
Note: For an earlier note to Elizabeth Shoemaker, see last page of Deborah Wood's letter of Nov. 11 [1826]
Photostatic copies of letters, some directed to his cousin Sarah M. Taylor
Letter to Daniel Fetter, Louisville, Ky. Phil.
Note: [Sent by hand of Abraham Taylor, for whom it is letter of introduction]
1 portrait; 8 letters to Dr. Jos. W. Taylor and Isaac Shoemaker.
Letter of 4mo. 29, 1862, to Jos. Taylor (abroad) discusses Civil War; letters (5) of 1865 discuss administrative difficulties at Haverford College; undated letter to Isaac Shoemaker has note at end from cousin Emma C. Yarnall, wife of Charles Yarnall
Letter to Hannah Taylor, about death of Jos. Taylor
Letter to Isaac Shoemaker. North Lewisburg, Ohio,
to Isaac Shoemaker, From Cincinnati and Massachusetts. Discuss politics, price of cotton, condition of Freedmen, etc.
Related material: 962 - A: Two boxes of Genealogical Material. 81 items, ca.1832-1953, concerning Shoemaker, Taylor, and Allinson families.
TABLE OF CONTENTS, IN BOX 1
1. Asylum journal extracts (Note: copied by Margaret Taylor MacIntosh) 2. Extracts from Joseph Taylor's diary. 3. Invitation to Margaret Taylor MacIntosh to become a Friends Hospital Corporation member. 4. Letter consisting of vignettes re life in Friends Hospital in 1972. 5. Taylor family marriages and deaths. 6. Land owned by Taylors, including memorandum of sale of land to Edward Taylor, 7. Extracts from Edward Taylor's diary [concerning his work at the Friends Asylum] in the hand of Margaret Taylor MacIntosh.
The Taylor and Shoemaker Families by Charles Shoemaker Taylor. H.Ms. and T.Ms.
Biography of Abraham Merritt Taylor, probably in the hand of Charles Shoemaker Taylor.
1.photocopy of Edward Taylor's marriage certificate dated 1790. 2. Typed copy of Edward Taylor's obituary notice. 3. Biographical notes on Edward Taylor and Sarah Merritt Taylor in Margaret Taylor MacIntosh's hand
Note: Copies of letters written by Edward Taylor, M.D. made by Margaret Taylor MacIntosh:
A. Taylor, Edward to [William Ford Manning.] Upper Freehold, [N.J.],[re nephew John Bullus' upkeep]
B. Taylor, Edward to Ja[me]s [Merritt Taylor]. Upper Freehold, [re brothers' business; family news.] [N.J.].
C. Taylor, Edward to Abra[ha]m [Merritt Taylor]. Upper Freehold, [refers to his wife's death; purchase of a horse; family news]
D. Taylor, Edward to Abra[ha]m [Merritt Taylor]. Upper Freehold, [N.J.], [refers to cholera epidemic; asks if there is a Cincinnati Monthly Meeting so certificates can be sent from Chesterfield Monthly Meeting]
E. Taylor, Edward to Abra[ha]m [Merritt Taylor]. Bordentown, [N.J.][tells him to conduct himself in a manner befitting a Friend during his "Western tour'; employment in a leather business],
A. Taylor, Edward to John A. Taylor. Upperfreehold, [N.J.], [business progressing well; speaks of pending suit]
B. Smalley, John to Dr. Edward Taylor. New York, [re claim for which Dr. Gidney of London examined wills but did not obtain information]
C. Taylor, Edward [M.D.] to John A. Taylor. Frankford, [Pa.], [relays information received from Attorney Smalley]
D. Gidney, Eleazer to Messrs. Taylors [sic]. Manchester (England), [re their claim to estates in England and thus possible relation of "one of the first families in England", viz. Sir Hurbert Taylor]
E. Taylor, Edward [M.D.] to John A. Taylor. Frankford, [Pa.],[re claim on English property]
F. 6. Taylor, Joseph W. to [John A. Taylor]. [s.1., s.n., [re claim being handled by Gidney and Smalley; Taylor's opinion is that they have not served them (the Taylors) well.] begins at end of letter no. 5 above].