Call Number:

M19

Repository:

Bryn Mawr College

Extent:

3.1 linear ft. (7 boxes)

Language:

English

Preferred Citation:

Cite as Susan Walker FitzGerald papers, Bryn Mawr College Special Collections.

Date:

1875-1924 (inclusive)

Creator:

Fitzgerald, Susan W. (Susan Walker), 1871-1943

Abstract:

Susan Walker FitzGerald (1871-1943) was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. While at Bryn Mawr, class of 1893, she founded the Student Government Association and graduated with a degree in history/political science. Susan W. FitzGerald is best known for her commitment to the women's suffrage movement and her involvement in progressive political organizations. The papers are arranged chronologically beginning with a few letters, postcards and memorabilia from Susan's childhood and ending with letters from the early 1920's, including letters pertaining to her term in the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1923-1925.The vast majority of letters are between Susan and Richard, many of them from Richard to Susan.

Susan Walker FitzGerald was born Susan Grimes Walker on May 9, 1871 in Cambridge, Massachusetts to Rear Admiral John G. Walker, U.S.N. and Rebecca White Pickering Walker. Her father, a Boston banker, was a renowned Civil War veteran and her mother was from the prominent Pickering family of Salem, Massachusetts. Following the advice and encouragement of her cousin Alice Gould who graduated from Bryn Mawr College in 1889, she enrolled at Bryn Mawr and graduated with a degree in political science and history in 1893. During her time at Bryn Mawr, she founded the Student Government Association and served as her class president. Following her graduation, she worked as secretary to M. Carey Thomas - from 1893 to 1894 when Thomas was dean, and from 1894 to 1895 after Thomas became Bryn Mawr's president.

Subsequently, Susan began working as the administrative head of Barnard College's first dormitory, Fiske Hall, in 1898. She was engaged to Richard Y. FitzGerald in July of 1900 and the couple married on August 3, 1901. Because men were not allowed into the dormitory, she changed jobs and served as head worker at the Richmond Hill Settlement House in New York City from 1901 to 1904. She was a prominent member of the first New York Child Labor Committee and was involved in establishing important child labor laws and in working for a compulsory education law.

Richard Y. FitzGerald was an attorney who graduated from the University of California in 1895 and Harvard Law School in 1898 and practiced primarily in New York and Boston. He was the son of Nancy Rose McCoy and Adolphus Leigh Fitzgerald, elected to the Supreme Court of Nevada in November of 1900. Richard's family owned silver mines and a water works plant in Eureka, Nevada as well as a large ranch named Clear Creek in Redding, California.

They had four children: Anne (born 1902), Rebecca Pickering (1906), Susan (1908), and Richard Leigh (1914). All three of the daughters attended Bryn Mawr. Anne received her A.B. degree in 1924, Rebecca in 1926, and Susan in 1929. Richard attended Princeton University. Anne went on to earn a Master's degree from Radcliffe College, Rebecca earned the Ph.D. from the University of Vienna, and Susan earned an M.A. from Middlebury College.

Richard and Susan lived at the Clear Creek ranch from 1904 to 1906. They were separated for two months when their infant daughter, Rebecca, required care in San Francisco for a serious feeding problem. Richard remained on the ranch with their older daughter during this period. Susan and Rebecca returned to the ranch four days prior to the famous San Francisco earthquake.

Richard fell seriously ill with typhoid fever in 1906 and the entire family returned east by train. They settled initially at her parents' home in Washington, D.C. so that Richard could recuperate. After some serious debate Richard finally agreed to stay on the east coast. Early in 1907 Susan negotiated a paying job supervising Pauline Shaw's social work in Boston to tide them over while Richard established a new legal career. They moved to Hyde Park later in 1907, then to Jamaica Plain, Boston in 1911. Susan was active in the suffrage movement and politics, but continued her salaried work until 1913 when Richard became General Counsel of the pioneering New England Power System Companies.

Susan W. FitzGerald is best known for her long commitment to the struggle for women's suffrage and her involvement in progressive political organizations. She served as Executive Secretary of the Boson Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government in 1907 and the Massachusetts Woman's Suffrage Association in 1911. In addition, she served as the recording secretary for the large and influential National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) from 1911-1915. She was respected as a public speaker and participated in numerous state suffrage campaigns. Letters in the collection reflect her participation in the 1909 women's suffrage campaign in Massachusetts, the 1913 Michigan campaign, the 1915-1916 campaigns in California, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and New York, and the 1916 campaigns in Iowa, Utah and California. During this period, her by-line appeared three times a week in the Boston Evening Traveler (1911-1915). In 1911-12 she ran unsuccessfully for a school board seat in Boston. In 1920 Susan served as the National Committeewoman of the Women's Division of the Democratic State Committee in Massachusetts. She was elected in 1922 as the first female Democrat to the enter the Massachusetts House of Representatives; Sylvia Donaldson was elected the same year as the first female Republican. Susan served for one term from 1923 to 1925. Susan's writings include essays titled, "Women in the Home," 1908, "What is a Democracy?" 1910, and "Have We a Democracy?" 1913.

In her later years, Susan continued to be involved in politics, but devoted much of her energy to more personal concerns, participating in Bryn Mawr alumnae activities and in the General Alliance of Unitarian and Other Liberal Christian Women. She died January 20, 1943.

Dates of Susan Walker FitzGerald's employment and political activities

1889-1893 President, Class of 1893, Bryn Mawr College 1893-1895 Secretary to Dean/President Thomas, Bryn Mawr College 1898-1901 Head of Fiske Hall, Barnard College 1901-1904 Manager (head worker) of the Richmond Hill House of the West Side Branch of the New York University Settlement Society 1902-1904 Member, New York Child Labor Committee 1903-1904 Truant officer, New York City 1907-1910 Executive Secretary, Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government 1908-1911 Trustee, Women's Educational and Industrial Union 1910-1918 Member, School Voters' League 1911-1912 Executive Secretary, Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association 1911-1915 Recording Secretary, National American Woman Suffrage Association 1912-1916 Secretary, Massachusetts Political Equality Union 1913-1920 Member, Executive Committee of the Women's Trade Union League 1916-1918 Chairwoman, Massachusetts League for Progressive Democracy 1920 Chairwoman, Women's Division of the State Democratic Committee 1920 Alternate Delegate-at-Large to Democratic National Convention, in San Francisco 1923-1925 Member, Massachusetts House of Representatives 1924 Delegate-at-Large to Democratic National Convention, in New York City 1925 Voting Member, First Congressional Society of Jamaica Plain (Unitarian) 1926-1930 Member, Massachusetts Special Commission on Necessaries of Life 1929-1942 Treasurer, Regional Scholarship Committee, Bryn Mawr College 1931-1934 President, Women's Alliance of Jamaica Plain Unitarian Church 1937 Secretary-Treasurer, Shorey Chair Endowment Fund, Bryn Mawr College 1940 Life Member, General Alliance of Unitarian and Other Liberal Christian Women (GAUW) 1939-1942 Member, Committee on Appeals, GAUW 1941-1942 Chairwoman, Committee on International Work of GAUW

The collection includes seven boxes of correspondence compiled by Richard Leigh FitzGerald. The papers are arranged chronologically beginning with a few letters, postcards and memorabilia from Susan's childhood and ending with letters from the early 1920's, including letters pertaining to her term in the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1923-1925. The vast majority of the letters are between Susan and her husband Richard, many of them from Richard to Susan. Letters from other correspondents are filed chronologically within the same sequence. There are additional materials on Susan Walker FitzGerald in various other collections in the Bryn Mawr College Library. Bryn Mawr College Years: Family letters during Bryn Mawr years Susan's primary correspondents in her college years are her mother and father. The letters often describe daily life at the college and colorful descriptions of college traditions. Student Government Association 33 letters dated 1891 from Susan's fellow students express opinions on founding a student government. Bryn Mawr memorabilia Susan's time at Bryn Mawr is represented by examples of entrance and collegiate examination questions, school records, and other assorted items. A scrapbook (in the student scrapbook collection of the College Archives) contains further Bryn Mawr material, including photographs and postcards, theatre programs, further examinations and class notes, and personal correspondence.

Correspondence between Susan and Richard: Courtship and engagement Letters from Richard to Susan during the period of their courtship from 1896 to the summer of 1900. During this period, Richard is usually writing from his family's ranch in Redding, California and she is on the east coast. These letters are primarily personal love letters, but there are occasional examples of letters in which Richard responds to Susan on topics such as roles of women in marriage, married women with careers, financial concerns, and having children. The couple was engaged in July of 1900 and they married August 3, 1901. Periods of separation early in the marriage Susan and Richard were separated occasionally in the first years of their marriage. Letters written by Richard in 1903 and 1904, while he was vacationing in New Hampshire with their first child, contain detailed descriptions of domestic routines and the care of infants. They provide a particularly interesting perspective on childcare from the perspective of a turn-of-the-century father. They were again separated for two months in 1906 while their infant Rebecca was cared for in a San Francisco hospital. Letters from Susan in 1907 discuss her negotiations for positions and salaries in suffrage organizations and also provide insight into her determination to pursue a career of her own on the east coast in opposition to her husband's interest in settling permanently in the west. Periods of separation while Susan was involved in women's suffrage campaigns and other political activities The first documents from Susan's travels in suffrage campaigns are the extremely detailed and descriptive letters date from July through September 1909 when she was involved the in Massachusetts open-air campaign. She also reports on the famous suffrage benefit held at Marble House in Newport, Rhode Island by Mrs. Belmont. A small group of letters from Susan to Richard from July 1911 to January 1912 reflect the period in which she was campaigning (ultimately unsuccessfully) for a position on the school board in Boston. Six letters from March to April 1913 describe her activities with the Michigan suffrage campaign. Her letters from June through mid-September 1915 describe suffrage campaigns in Chicago, Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey. The letters dated May to November 1916 concern suffrage campaigns in Iowa, Utah and California. Often throughout her correspondence while traveling with suffrage campaigns, Susan writes her letters on interesting and informative letterhead from suffrage organizations in the various locations, which frequently includes names of the officers and members of the different organizations.

Susan in the Massachusetts House of Representatives Material relating to Susan's campaign in 1922 for the Massachusetts House of Representatives and assorted documents from her term in the legislature include letters of congratulations from politicians in Massachusetts and from prominent local citizens. There are also examples of bills from both the state House and Senate which relate to Susan's interests.